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Задание 1.

The executive is the part of the government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state. The executive branch executes, or enforces the law. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the idea of the separation of powers. The executive can be the source of certain types of law, including decree or executive order. Executive bureaucracies are commonly the source of regulations. Executive means leader of office or many office run.

The top leadership roles of the executive branch may include:

head of state — often the de jure leader, the chief public representative and living symbol of national unity,

head of government — often the de facto leader, prime minister, overseeing the administration of all affairs of state,

defence minister — overseeing the armed forces, determining military policy and managing external safety,

interior minister — overseeing the police forces, enforcing the law and managing internal safety,

foreign minister — overseeing the diplomatic service, determining foreign policy and managing foreign relations,

finance minister — overseeing the treasury, determining fiscal policy and managing national budget,

justice minister — overseeing criminal prosecutions, corrections, enforcement of court orders.

In a presidential system the leader of the executive branch is both the head of state and head of government. In a parliamentary system, a cabinet minister responsible to the legislature is the head of government, while the head of state is usually a largely ceremonial monarch or president. In the United States, this branch of the government is controlled by the President and his cabinet.

Исполнительная власть — это та часть правительства, которая имеет единоличную власть и несет ответственность за ежедневное управление государством. Исполнительная власть исполняет или обеспечивает соблюдение закона. Разделение власти на отдельные ветви является основным пунктом в разделении властей. Исполнительная власть может быть источником определенных видов законов, включая указ или исполнительный приказ. Исполнительная власть обычно является источником нормативных актов. Исполнитель – это значит руководитель офиса или символ офисного управления.

Высшие руководящие должности исполнительной власти могут включать:

главу государства — часто лидер де-юре, главный общественный представитель и символ национального единства,

глава правительства — часто фактический лидер, премьер-министр, занимающийся управлением всеми делами государства,

министр обороны – осуществляет контроль за вооруженными силами, определяет военную политику и управляет внешней безопасностью,

министр внутренних дел – осуществляет контроль за полицией, соблюдением закона и управляет внутренней безопасностью,

министр иностранных дел – осуществляет контроль за дипломатической службой, определяет внешнюю политику и управляет международными отношениями,

министр финансов — надзор за казначейством, определение фискальной политики и управление национальным бюджетом,

министр юстиции — надзор за уголовными делами, постановлениями, исполнением судебных приказов.

В президентской системе глава исполнительной власти является как главой государства, так и главой правительства. В парламентской системе глава правительства, будучи ответственным перед законодательным органом, является главой правительства, в то время как глава государства обычно является в значительной степени церемониальным монархом или президентом. В Соединенных Штатах эта ветвь власти контролируется президентом и его кабинетом.

Задание 3.

1. There isn’t any food left. All of it has been eaten!

2. I couldn’t wear my suit last Saturday. It was cleaned.

3. We didn’t go to the party on Saturday because we hadn’t been invited.

4. Wine is produced in many parts of France.

5. I can’t find my car anywhere. I think it was stolen.

6. By the time I arrived at the concert hall, there were no tickets left. They all had been sold.

7. How many languages are spoken in Switzerland?

8. The Tower of London was built at the beginning of the eleventh century.

9. «What’s going on in the hall?» «The windows will be washed.

10. Our house was broken into last week.

11. We couldn’t use the photocopier yesterday morning. It was repaired.

12. When was television invented?

13. A compass is used for showing direction.

14. Have you heard? The old police station had been repainted.

15. The 1986 World Cup for soccer was played in Mexico.

16. Millions of cars are exported from Japan every month.

17. Football is played all over the world.

18. I frightened to death when I drove through Paris last month.

19. His car was damaged in an accident last month.

20. «What’s happened?» «The window was broken.

21. «Can I take the documents?» «I’m afraid not. They haven’t been typed yet.»

22. An island is surrounded by water.

23. The electric bulb was invented by Thomas Edison.

24. Even though construction costs are high, a new dormitory will be built next year. 25. The class was too large, so it was divided into two sections.

26. A bracelet is worn around the wrist.

27. The Johnsons’ house burned down. According to the inspector, the fire was caused by lightning.

28. «Is the plane going to be late?» «No. It is expected to be on time.»

29. The new highway will be completed sometime next month.

30. The World Cup soccer games were televised all over the world.

31 The Washington Monument is visited by hundreds of people every day.

32. I had to wait a little. When I came the students were being tested.

33. Last week I was offered a job at a local bank, but I didn’t accept.

34. I read about a hunter who was killed by a wild animal. The hunter’s fatal accident was reported in the newspaper yesterday.