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Задание 1.

1. Development, developer – развитие, разработчик
2. Improvement, improver – улучшение, стажер
3. Highly — очень

Задание 2.

1. By that time the University had already trained many young specialists. Вспомогательный глагол.
2. It is the work which we have to do. Глагол-связка. Модальный глагол.
3. I am to become a good engineer. Глагол-связка.

1. К тому времени университет уже подготовил много молодых специалистов.
2. Это работа, которую мы должны делать.
3. Я должен стать хорошим инженером.

Задание 3.

1. The contract has just been signed. Present Perfect Passive.
2. A new railway is being built in this region. Present Continuous Passive.

1. Контракт только что подписали.
2. В этом районе строится новая железная дорога.

Задание 4.

1. Testing the engine the engineers applied new methods. Тестируя двигатель, инженеры применили новые методы. Participle I Present Active. Обстоятельство.
2. Unless discussed, this new method must not be used. Пока его не обсудили, этот новый метод нельзя использовать. Participle II. Participle II. Обстоятельство. Часть глагола-сказуемого.

Задание 5.

1. I shall be able to do this work tomorrow.
2. The samples are to be analyzed at our laboratory.

1. Я смогу сделать эту работу завтра.
2. Образцы анализируют в нашей лаборатории.

Задание 6.

gauge, sleepers, switch, tracks, trains

The railway track

The railway track differs from other kinds of roads. It has a raised track for its cars and locomotives. Some railways have two or several tracks. On each track all trains usually move in one direction. In order to make trains pass from on track to another there is a switch.

It is a necessary part of the track. The distance between the rails is called the gauge of the railway. Rails differ in size and weight. We must use the heaviest rails on trunk lines carrying the largest volume of freight and passenger traffic. Ballast is also a very important element in track construction. For many years engineers thought of concrete as the material for sleepers.

Примеры грамматических явлений из первых пяти заданий

1 задание

Differ – different, difference. Отличаться – различный, отличие.

Move – movement. Двигаться – движение.

2 задание

It has a raised track for its cars and locomotives. Основной глагол.

Some railways have two or several tracks. Основной глагол.

In order to make trains pass from on track to another there is a switch.  Глагол-связка.

It is a necessary part of the track. Глагол-связка.

The distance between the rails is called the gauge of the railway. Вспомогательный глагол.

Ballast is also a very important element in track construction. Глагол-связка.

3 задание

The distance between the rails is called the gauge of the railway. Present Simple Passive.

4 задание

The distance between the rails is called the gauge of the railway. Participle II, часть сказуемого.

5 задание

We must use the heaviest rails on trunk lines carrying the largest volume of freight and passenger traffic.  Модальный глагол.