Задание 1. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s, и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т. е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple;

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

1.  Economics is the science that analyses (A) what, how, and for whom society produces (A).

Экономика – это наука, которая анализирует, что, как и для кого производит общество.

2. The transport sector makes (A) a vital contribution to the European Community’s (B) frontier-free single market.

Транспортный сектор вносит жизненно важный вклад в свободный от границ единый рынок Европейского сообщества.

3.  A worker in the United Kingdom earns (A) more than the one in India.

Работник в Соединенном Королевстве зарабатывает больше, чем в Индии.

4. The University has laboratories (Б) and research institutes (Б) and other educational facilities (Б).

Университет имеет лаборатории, исследовательские институты и другие учебные средства.

5.  Economists (Б) analyze society’s (В) production and consumption levels (Б).

Экономисты анализируют уровень производства и потребления в обществе.

Задание 4. Перепишите предложения, выпишите сказуемые, определите их видовременную форму и залог, в скобках укажите инфинитив глагола.

Образец:

The article was being translated the whole day long.

was being translated — Past Continuous Passive (to translate)

Статью переводили целый день.

а)

1.  We have just introduced some new marketing, product and technology to the Board of Directors.

Have introduced – Present Perfect Acrive

Мы только что внесли предложение в Совет директоров о новом маркетинге, продукте и технологии.

2.  On Monday evening I’ll meet him at the station.

Shall meet – Future Simple Acrive.

В понедельник вечером я встречу его на вокзале.

3.  He had an appointment at 11 o’clock with Mr. Brown.

Had – Past Simple Acrive.

У него была встреча в 11 часов с мистером Брауном.

4.  They had been installing the machine for two hours before the inspector arrived.

Had been installing – Past Perfect Continuous Acrive.

Arrived – Past Simple Acrive.

Они устанавливали оборудование в течение  двух часов до прибытия инспектора.

5.  Are you going to discuss prices with the customer?

Are going — Present Continuous Acrive.

Собираетесь ли вы обсудить цены с клиентом?

б)

1.  The letter will be answered at once.

Will be answered – Future Simple Passive.

На письмо сразу ответят.

2.  Good results have been achieved in laboratory tests.

Have been achieved – Present Perfect Passive.

Хорошие результаты были достигнуты в лабораторных тестах.

3.  A great number of experiments at the designing institute had been made before the new system was worked out.

Had been made —  Past Perfect Passive.

Перед разработкой новой системы было проведено большое количество экспериментов в институте проектирования.

4.  An interesting research is being done at our Institute.

Is being done – Present Continuous Passive.

В нашем институте проводится интересное исследование.

Задание 5. Выберете правильный ответ для каждого вопроса.

Тест нужно проверить, не уверена в ответах, выделите ответы другим цветом

1. Over 57 million students … in American schools which range from kindergartens to high schools.

a) were enrolled

b) are enrolled

c) has been enrolled

2. America’s first college, Harvard, … in Massachusetts in 1636.

a) is being founded

b) had ben founded

c) was founded

3. The story of the first Thanksgiving feast … among the Americans.

a) is well-known

b) have been well-known

c) would have been well-known

4. If you buy any more books we … any place to sleep.

a) don’t have

b) won’t have

c) haven’t had

5. If your teeth hurt you, you … a dentist.

a) ought to see

b) should see

c) would see

6. If wishes were horses, beggars … ride.

a) might

b) would may

c) will be allowed to

7. If we … air, there would be no sound.

a) won’t have

b) hadn’t had

c) did not have

8. If the Titanic had not hit an iceberg, she … on her first voyage.

a) would not sink

b) would not have sunk

c) did not sink

9. I wish you … interrupting me.

a) to stop

b) would stop

c) have stopped

10.  I wish you … us on an excursion

a) joining

b) could have joined

c) to join

11. I wish you … me something about the Tower of London.

a) would tell

b) told

c) telling

12. … plants and animals deep in the ocean, science may find a cure for some of the most serious human diseases.

a) On studying

b) By studying

c) Having studied

13. He is looking forward … to the country.

a) to going

b) for going

c) to having gone

14. By the end of this century there will be 600 million people around the world … in absolute poverty.

a) living

b) having lived

c) lived

15. The problem … is of great significance.

a) discussing

b) being discussed

c) discussed

16. I saw her … the street.

a) crossed

b) having crossed

c) crossing

17. The proposal is reported … … by the committee.

a) to be approved

b) to have been approved

c) to approve

18. He was considered … a good teacher.

a) to be

b) to have been

c) was

19. She is known … on a very important problem now.

a) to have worked

b) working

c) to be working

20. I have never heard him … .

a) to sing

b) sing

c) to have sung

21. I believed him … the most honest person.

a) to be

b) is

c) be

22. The traffic made me … as if my head would burst.

a) to have felt

b) to feel

c) feel

23. You … take care of your parents.

a) should

b) ought to

c) are to

24. My sight is getting worse. Next year, I’m afraid, I … read without glasses.

a) can not

b) may not

c) won’t be able to

25. Don’t you see I’m tired? You … me, you know.

a) might have … helped

b) could … help

c) may … help

26. Police, firefighters, newspaper reporters and radio broadcasters … work on holiday in the USA.

a) could

b) might

c) must

27. The real history of the period between 1688 and the middle of’ the eighteenth century … summed up in three words: accumulation of capital.

a) need be

b) will be able to

c) can be

28. It was uncertain whether the concert … outdoors.

a) will be

b) would be

c) should be

29. She didn’t know where her umbrella … .

a) is

b) had been

c) was

30. I don’t like films … have unhappy endings.

a) which

b) that

c) what

Тут нужно ответить на вопросы после текста на английском с переводом

MARKETING

If production is to meet needs efficiently, two things are necessary.

These are:

—  Producers must know what to produce.

—  Consumers must know that it is being produced.

Linking these two factors together is the task and responsibility of the marketing staff.

Marketing involves keeping producers aware of the needs of consumers and ensuring that their products are made available to consumers in the way and form they want.

Note the emphasis on meeting the needs of consumers. Any firm which accepts this need as its main responsibility is said to be dominated by the marketing concept. This attitude distinguishes firms in free-market economies from those in centrally-planned economies where central government dictates what should be produced and supplied to consumers.

The marketing function involves:

1. Market research

This involves finding out:

a) what consumers want and advising producers accordingly, and

b) recommending the standard of quality, style of packaging, choice of brand-name and general design of the products concerned.

2. Distribution

Products can be distributed to consumers in different ways. Some are best distributed through the manufacturer’s own retail outlet, some through a network of wholesalers and retailers, others by direct mail-order.

3. Pricing

Marketing managers should always be in close touch with market conditions so that they can advise on the best price (not necessarily the highest) to charge for products.

4. Advertising

If customers do not know about new products, they will never buy them. They also need to be reminded, from time to time, of the existence of established products. Marketing managers are expected to know the best ways to advertise products. This involves choice of media (for example, radio, television, press). It also involves knowing the best form advertisements should take, and the advertising slogan to be used.

5 Selling

This involves the skills of personal selling, together with display and presentation skills such as those involved in window displays, exhibitions, news releases, and product promotions.

Vocabulary

to advertise – рекламировать

brand-name – название марки, фабричная марка

to charge for – назначать цену, просить

display – выставка, показ

to meet the needs – отвечать потребностям; удовлетворять потребности

promotion – продвижение, содействие

release – выпуск

retail – розничная продажа

outlet – торговая точка, рынок сбыта

staff – штат, персонал

wholesaler – оптовик

1.  What factors are important in order that production meets needs of consumers efficiently?

These are: Producers must know what to produce and consumers must know that it is being produced.

2.  What does marketing involve?

Marketing involves keeping producers aware of the needs of consumers and ensuring that their products are made available to consumers in the way and form they want.

3.  What decisions are taken by marketing managers?

Marketing managers should always be in close touch with market conditions so that they can advise on the best price (not necessarily the highest) to charge for products. Marketing managers are expected to know the best ways to advertise products. This involves choice of media (for example, radio, television, press). It also involves knowing the best form advertisements should take, and the advertising slogan to be used.

4.  What is the most important thing in marketing? I think that the most important thing in marketing is market research.

5.  What is the goal of marketing research?

This involves finding out:

a) what consumers want and advising producers accordingly, and

b) recommending the standard of quality, style of packaging, choice of brand-name and general design of the products concerned.

6.  Is it reasonable, from your point of view, to use independent marketing research in small business?

I think, that it is reasonable to use independent marketing research in small business.

7.  How are the products advertised? They can be advertised on radio, on television, in press.

 8.  Do you agree that marketing plays a very important role in business? Yes, I do. I agree that marketing plays a very important role in business.

1. Какие факторы важны для того, чтобы производство эффективно отвечало потребностям потребителей?

Эти факторы следующие: Производители должны знать, что производить, и потребители должны знать, что это производится.

2. Что включает в себя маркетинг?

Маркетинг включает информирование производителей о потребностях покупателей и обеспечение того, чтобы их продукты были доступны для потребителей в том виде, в котором они хотят и в той форме, в какой они хотят.

3. Какие решения принимают менеджеры по маркетингу?

Менеджеры по маркетингу должны всегда отслеживать изменения рыночных условий для того, чтобы они могли проконсультировать о лучшей цене (не обязательно самой высокой) для оплаты продуктов. Считается, что менеджеры по маркетингу знают лучшие способы рекламы продуктов. Это предполагает выбор средств массовой информации (например, радио, телевидение, пресса). Это также подразумевает знание лучших объявлений о рекламе, которые должны быть использованы, и рекламного слогана, который будет использоваться.

4. Что самое главное в маркетинге? Я думаю, что самое важное в маркетинге – это исследование рынка.

5. Какова цель маркетинговых исследований?

Сюда относится выявление того:

а) чего хотят потребители и консультирование производителей соответственно, и

b) рекомендации по стандарту качества, стилю упаковки, выбору фирменного наименования и общему дизайну соответствующих продуктов.

6. С вашей точки зрения, разумно ли использовать независимые маркетинговые исследования в сфере малого бизнеса?

Я думаю, что разумно использовать независимые маркетинговые исследования в сфере малого бизнеса.

7. Как рекламируются продукты? Их можно рекламировать по радио, по телевидению, в прессе.

 8. Согласны ли вы с тем, что маркетинг играет очень важную роль в бизнесе? Да, я согласен с тем, что маркетинг играет очень важную роль в бизнесе.