Задание 2.

1. To create- to make
2. To attend – to be present
3. To found – to form, to establish
4. To provide with – to supply
5. To recruit – to give a job to
6. To reflect –to show, to describe
7. To train – to teach, to educate
8. To take part –to participate

 

Задание 3.

1. The area of land that has the buildings of a university such as the lecture rooms, administration offices, sports facilities, hostels. CAMPUS
2. One of the sections in a large organization such as university. DEPARTMENT
3. The system of teaching people, usually at a school or college. EDUCATION
4. Equipment, buildings, services. FACILITIES
5. The staff who belong to the university. PERSONNEL
6. Money that the government gives to a student. GRANT
7. A piece of information about a subject which a person has. FACT
8. A talk on a subject that is given to teach people. TOPIC

 

Answer the following questions basing your answers on the text:

1. When will our higher school celebrate its 90^th anniversary? This year our higher school will celebrate its 90^th anniversary.
2. How many students do get higher education at day-time and extramural departments at present? About 5000 students get higher education at day-time and extramural departments at present.
3. What specialized subjects do the students begin to study in the third year? The students begin to study Mechanics in the third year.
4. Are tests and exams taken at the end of each term? Yes, tests and exams are taken at the end of each term.
5. How long does the complete course of studies last at our higher school for the day-time and extramural students respectively? The complete course of studies last 5 and 6 at our higher school for the day-time and extramural students respectively.

Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

1. Университет готовит квалифицированных специалистов.
2. Полный курс обучения в нашем ВУЗе длится 5 лет.
3. После окончания университета каждый студент получает диплом.
4. Для тех, кто хочет продолжить обучение, в нашем университете есть аспирантура.
5. В программе обучения, практические занятия занимают очень важное место.
6. The university prepares qualified specialists.
7. A full course of study at our university lasts 5 years.
8. After graduation each student receives a diploma.
9. For those who want to continue their studies, our university has postgraduate studies.
10. In the training program practical exercises occupy a very important place.

Коммуникативная ситуация: «РГУ имени И.М.Губкина»

Ответьте на вопросы письменно, пользуясь текстом:

1. What is the history of the Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas? The university was founded on 17 April 1930 and is named after the geologist Ivan Gubkin. The university is affectionally known as Kerosinka, meaning «kerosene stove».
2. What is the mission of the University now? The mission of the University is to educate people now.
3. How many students are there at the Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas? There are about 11 000 students at the Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas.

4. What faculties do they study in? They study at Theory of Prospecting and Exploration of Oil and Gas, Petroleum Field Geology, Geology, Geophysical Information Systems, Exploration Geophysics and Computer Systems, lithology and System Research of Lithosphere, Geology of Hydrocarbon Systems.
5. What is the number of the staff? There are about 500 people.
6. How long is the term? The term is 4 months long.
7. What forms of instructions are used? There are lectures, seminars and laboratory works.
8. Where are snacks, meals and drinks available from? Snacks, meals and drinks are available at a canteen.

ЗАДАНИЕ 3

(A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

MAIN JOBS IN OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

(1) Petroleum engineers are involved in many aspects of the exploration and production process. They work with geologists and geophysicists to analyze data to locate drilling sites where oil and gas may have accumulated in commercial quantities. Petroleum engineers work as drilling engineers to confirm the presence of oil and gas by drilling an exploration well. The job of the drilling engineer is to design and implement a procedure to drill the well as economically as possible.

(2) These operations are conducted to protect the safety of the drilling crew and under the guidelines of state and national rules and regulations. A drilling engineer must manage the complex drilling operation including the people and technology. It is also important that the well be drilled so that the formations of interest can be evaluated as to its commercial value to the oil company. Once the well is  completed, the production engineer takes over. His job is to analyze, interpret, and optimize the performance of individual wells.

The production engineer is responsible for determining how to bring hydrocarbons to the surface. The production engineer will determine the most efficient means to develop the field considering the viscosity of the crude oil, the gas-to-oil ratio, the depth and type or formation, and the project economics. The production engineer is also responsible for developing a system of surface equipment that will separate the oil, gas, and water.

(3) Reservoir engineers determine the fluid and pressure distributions throughout the reservoir, the natural energy sources available, and the methods most useful in recovering the maximum amount of oil or gas from the reservoir. The reservoir  engineer develops complex computer-based mathematical programs to model the fluid flow and formation pressures. A welllog analyst takes down hole data during drilling or after a well is completed to evaluate the well’s production potential. The well-log analyst helps take and analyze core samples. He often uses sophisticated electronic, nuclear, and coustical tools that are sent down the well on a wire-line. Information from these tools is sent up the well bore to a computer system on the surface where engineers retrieve and interpret the data.

(4) Chemical engineers are involved in many aspects of the oil and gas industry. Chemical engineering deals with processes that combine (or engineer) chemicals to produce desired products. Chemical engineers are responsible for transforming crude oil and natural gas into finished products such as gasoline and plastics. This process usually includes a chemical reaction in which two or more chemicals are combined to form a new chemical. The chemical engineer must also understand other processes such as separation, heat transfer, and fluid flow.

(B)

Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и фраз:

 

1. поисково-разведочная скважина
2. выполнять, осуществлять
3. без экономического ущерба
4. коммерческая ценность
5. отдача
6. вязкость
7. с использованием ЭВМ
8. каротажная диаграмма
9. колонка породы, образец керна
10. конечный продукт

1.prospecting and exploration well

2.to conduct

3.without economic damage

4.commercial value

5.recoil

6.viscosity

7.with the use of a computer

8. well log

9.Rock column, core sample

10.end product

 

(С)Письменно переведите на русский язык абзацы 1, 2 из текста A 6

 

(1) Инженеры-нефтяники участвуют во многих аспектах процесса разведки и добычи. Они работают с геологами и геофизиками над анализом данных для определения мест бурения, где нефть и газ могли скопиться в промышленных количествах. Инженеры-нефтяники работают инженерами по бурению, чтобы найти нефть и газ путем бурения разведочной скважины. Работа инженера по бурению заключается в разработке и реализации процедуры бурения скважины с максимальной экономией.

(2) Эти операции проводятся для защиты безопасности буровой бригады и в соответствии с руководящими принципами государственных и национальных правил и положений. Инженер по бурению должен управлять сложными буровыми работами, включая людей и технологии. Также важно пробурить скважину, чтобы можно было оценить интересующие пласты с точки зрения их коммерческой ценности для нефтяной компании. После того, как скважина будет завершена, инженер-технолог берет на себя ответственность. Его работа — анализировать, интерпретировать и оптимизировать работу отдельных скважин.

Инженер-технолог отвечает за определение того, как поднять углеводороды на поверхность. Инженер-технолог определит наиболее эффективные способы разработки месторождения с учетом вязкости сырой нефти, соотношения газа и нефти, глубины и типа пласта, а также экономики проекта. Инженер-технолог также отвечает за разработку системы наземного оборудования, которое будет разделять нефть, газ и воду.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4

Упр.1. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

DEVELOPMENT OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION

(1) Oil has been used for lighting purposes for many thousands of years. In areas where oil is found in shallow reservoirs, seeps of crude oil or gas may naturally develop, and some oil could simply be collected from seepage or tar ponds. Historically, we know the tales of eternal fires where oil and gas seeps ignited and burned. One example is the site where the famous oracle of Delphi was built around 1,000 B.C. Written sources from 500 B.C. describe how the Chinese used natural gas to boil water. It was not until 1859 that «Colonel» Edwin Drake drilled the first successful oil well, with the sole purpose of finding oil. The Drake Well was located in the middle of quiet farm country in northwestern Pennsylvania, and sparked the international search for an industrial use for petroleum.

(2) These wells were shallow by modern standards, often less than 50 meters deep, but they produced large quantities of oil. When the «Empire well» was completed in September 1861, it produced 3,000 barrels per day, flooding the market, and the price of oil plummeted to 10 cents a barrel. Soon, oil had replaced most other fuels for motorized transport. The automobile industry developed at the end of the 19th century, and quickly adopted oil as fuel.

Gasoline engines were essential for designing successful aircraft. Ships driven by oil could move up to twice as fast as their coal- powered counterparts, a vital military advantage. Gas was burned off or left in the ground.

(3) Despite attempts at gas transportation as far back as 1821, it was not until after World War II that welding techniques, pipe rolling, and metallurgical advances allowed for the construction of reliable long distance pipelines, creating a natural gas industry boom. At the same time, the petrochemical industry with its new plastic materials quickly increased production. Even now, gas production is gaining market share as liquefied natural gas (LNG) provides an economical way of transporting gas from even the remotest sites.

(4) With the appearance of automobiles and more advanced consumers, it was necessary to improve and standardize the marketable products. Refining was necessary to divide the crude in fractions that could be blended to precise  specifications. As value shifted from refining to upstream production, it became even more essential for refineries to increase high-value fuel yield from a variety of crudes. From 10-40% gasoline for crude a century ago, a modern refinery can get up to 70% gasoline from the same quality crude through a variety of advanced reforming and cracking processes. Petrochemistry is a fairly young industry; it only started to grow in the 1940s, more than 80 years after the drilling of the first commercial oil well. During World War II, the demand for synthetic materials to replace costly and sometimes less efficient products caused the petrochemical industry to develop into a major player in modern economy and society.

(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих

слов и фраз:

1. источники сырой нефти и газа
2. заменить дорогие и иногда менее эффективные продукты
3. спрос на синтетические материалы
4. звенья нефтяной отрасли, связанные с разведкой и добычей нефти
5. коммерчески успешный продукт
6. доля рынка
7. резко упасть
8. неглубоко залегающий резервуар

9.единственная цель

10.трубопрокатное производство

 

1.sources of crude oil and gas

2. to replace expensive and sometimes less effective products
3. demand for synthetic materials

4.links of the oil industry associated with oil exploration and production

5.commercially successful product

6.market share

7.pump

8.shallow reservoir

9.Only purpose

10.pipe rolling production

ЗАДАНИЕ 5

Упр. 1 . (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

FACILITIES AND PROCESSES

(1) The oil and gas industry facilities and systems are broadly defined, according to their use in the oil and gas industry production stream: Exploration includes prospecting, seismic and drilling activities that take place before the development of a field is finally decided. Upstream typically refers to all facilities for production and stabilization of oil and gas. The reservoir and drilling community often uses upstream for the wellhead, well, completion and reservoir only, and downstream of the wellhead as production or processing. Exploration and upstream/production together is referred to as E&P.

(2) Midstream is broadly defined as gas treatment, LNG production and regasification plants, and oil and gas pipeline systems. Refining is where oil and condensates are processed into marketable products with defined specifications such as gasoline, diesel or feedstock for the petrochemical industry.

Refineries off sites, such as tank storage and distribution terminals, are included in this segment, or may be part of a separate distributions operation.

(3) In the past, surface features such as tar seeps or gas pockmarks provided initial clues to the location of shallowhydrocarbon deposits. Today, a series of surveys, starting with broad geological mapping through increasingly advanced methods such as passive seismic, reflective seismic, magnetic and gravity surveys give data to sophisticated analysis tools that identify potential hydrocarbon bearing rock as «prospects». An offshore well typically costs $30 million, with most falling in the $10- $100 million range. Rig leases are typically $200,000 — $700,000 per day. The average US onshore well costs about $4 million, as many have much lower production capacity. Smaller companies exploring marginal onshore fields may drill a shallow well for as little as $100,000.

(4) This means that oil companies spend much time on analysis models of good exploration data, and will only drill when models give a good indication of source rock and probability of finding oil or gas. The first wells in a region are called wildcats because little may be known about potential dangers, such as the down hole pressures that will be encountered, and therefore require particular care and attention to safety equipment. If a find (strike, penetration) is made, additional reservoir characterization such as production testing, appraisal wells, etc., are needed to determine the size and production capacity of the reservoir in order to justify a development decision.

(B)

Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и фраз:

1. данные поисково-разведочной работы
2. пробная эксплуатация
3. оценочная скважина
4. материковое месторождение
5. сланцевая нефть
6. современные методы
7. высокоточный, продуманный
8. широко представлены
9. устьевое отверстие скважины

10.сжиженный природный газ

 

1.data of prospecting and exploration work

2.trial operation

3.appraisal well

4.inland field

5.shale oil

6.modern methods

7.high precision, thoughtful

8.Widely represented

9. wellhead
10. liquefied natural gas

(C) Письменно переведите на русский язык абзацы 3,4 из текстa

(3) В прошлом поверхностные элементы, такие как смола или газовые оспы, были первыми подсказками о местонахождении неглубоких залежей углеводородов. Сегодня серия съемок, начиная с обширного геологического картирования с использованием все более совершенных методов, таких как пассивная сейсмика, отражающая сейсмическая, магнитная и гравиметрическая съемка, дают данные для сложных аналитических инструментов, которые идентифицируют потенциально углеводородсодержащие породы как «перспективные». Морская скважина обычно стоит 30 миллионов долларов, большая часть из которых находится в диапазоне от 10 до 100 миллионов долларов. Аренда буровой установки обычно составляет от 200 000 до 700 000 долларов в день. Средняя береговая скважина в США стоит около 4 миллионов долларов, так как многие из них имеют гораздо более низкую производственную мощность. Небольшие компании, исследующие маргинальные месторождения на суше, могут пробурить неглубокую скважину всего за 100 000 долларов.

(4) Это означает, что нефтяные компании тратят много времени на модели анализа хороших данных разведки и будут бурить только тогда, когда модели дают хорошее представление о материнской породе и вероятности обнаружения нефти или газа. Первые скважины в регионе называются «лесными кошками», потому что мало что может быть известно о потенциальных опасностях, таких как давление в скважине, которое может возникнуть, и, следовательно, требуют особого внимания и внимания к оборудованию для обеспечения безопасности. В случае обнаружения (вскрытие, проникновение) требуется дополнительная характеристика коллектора, такая как эксплуатационные испытания, оценочные скважины и т. д., чтобы определить размер и производственную мощность коллектора, чтобы обосновать решение о разработке.