1. Прочитать текст одного из вариантов и перевести.

Мышление

Мышление — это целенаправленное умственное манипулирование словами и образами. Мышление зависит от концепций, которые представляют собой категории объектов, событий, качеств или отношений, где есть определенные особенности. Логическое понятие формируется путем выявления специфических особенностей, которые присущи всем участникам понятия. Обычное понятие формируется на основе повседневного опыта, а лучший представитель понятия называется прототипом.

Одним из наиболее важных применений понятия является решение проблем, мыслительный процесс, который позволяет нам преодолевать препятствия для достижения целей. Самым простым методом решения проблем является метод проб и ошибок, который подразумевает возможные решения, идущие друг за другом до тех пор, пока не будет найдено подходящее решение. Стратегия решения проблем, называемая пониманием, зависит от умственного манипулирования информацией.

Творчество — это форма решения проблем, для которой характерны новые, полезные решения проблем. Творческие люди, как правило, обладают интеллектом выше среднего и способны к разным видам мышления. Творчество также зависит от расхождений в мышлении, при котором человек свободно рассматривает различные возможные решения проблемы.

Принятие решений — это форма решения проблем, когда мы стараемся сделать лучший выбор среди альтернативных суждений или действий. На наши решения влияют факторы полезности и вероятности. Мы также подвержены влиянию эффекта фрейминга, который представляет собой наличие предвзятости, вносимой в процесс принятия решений, и тогда ситуация представляется определенным образом.

2. Найти английский вариант русского термина в задании после текста.
3. Дать примеры на словообразование.

Purpose — purposeful

Logic — logical

To represent — representative

To think — thought

To manipulate — manipulation

To decide — decision

To create — creativity

4. Выписать все нестандартные глаголы, выучить их основные формы.

To be – was/were — been

To overcome – overcame — overcome

To have – had — had

 

5. Образовать степени сравнения от прилагательных и наречий.

purposeful – more purposeful – the most purposeful

specific – more specific – the most specific

good – better – the best

much – more – the most

simple – simpler — the simplest

possible – more possible – the most possible

useful – more useful – the most useful

Creative – more creative – the most creative

different – more different – the most different

 

6. Найти сказуемые во вр. гр. Simple Tenses, Active Voice. Образовать вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

Thinking is the purposeful mental manipulation of words and images.

Thinking depends on concepts, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features.

One of the most important uses of concepts is in problem solving, the thought process that enables us to overcome obstacles to reach goals.

The simplest method of solving problems is trial and error which involves trying one possible solution after another until finding one that works.

The problem-solving strategy called insight depends on the mental manipulation of information.

Creativity is a form of problem-solving characterized by novel, useful solutions to problems. Creative people tend to have above average intelligence and are able to integrate different kinds of thinking.

Creativity also depends on divergent thinking, in which a person freely considers a variety of potential solutions to a problem.

Decision making is a form of problem solving in which we try to make the best choice from among alternative judgments or courses of action.

We are also subject to framing effects, which are biases introduced in the decision-making process by presenting a situation in a certain manner.

 

 

Thinking isn’t the purposeful mental manipulation of words and images.

Thinking doesn’t depend on concepts, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features.

One of the most important uses of concepts isn’t in problem solving, the thought process that doesn’t enable us to overcome obstacles to reach goals.

The simplest method of solving problems isn’t trial and error which involves trying one possible solution after another until finding one that works.

The problem-solving strategy called insight doesn’t depend on the mental manipulation of information.

Creativity isn’t a form of problem-solving characterized by novel, useful solutions to problems.

Creative people don’t tend to have above average intelligence and aren’t able to integrate different kinds of thinking.

Creativity also does not depend on divergent thinking, in which a person freely doesn’t consider a variety of potential solutions to a problem.

Decision making isn’t a form of problem solving in which we don’t try to make the best choice from among alternative judgments or courses of action.

We aren’t also subject to framing effects, which aren’t biases introduced in the decision-making process by presenting a situation in a certain manner.

 

 

 

Is thinking the purposeful mental manipulation of words and images?

Does thinking depend on concepts, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features?

Is one of the most important uses of concepts in problem solving, the thought process that enables us to overcome obstacles to reach goals?

Is the simplest method of solving problems trial and error which involves trying one possible solution after another until finding one that works?

Does the problem-solving strategy called insight depend on the mental manipulation of information?

Is creativity a form of problem-solving characterized by novel, useful solutions to problems?

Do creative people tend to have above average intelligence and are able to integrate different kinds of thinking?

Does creativity also depend on divergent thinking, in which a person freely considers a variety of potential solutions to a problem?

Is decision making a form of problem solving in which we try to make the best choice from among alternative judgments or courses of action?

Are we also subject to framing effects, which are biases introduced in the decision-making process by presenting a situation in a certain manner?

 

7. Найти сказуемые во вр. гр. Simple Tenses, Passive Voice. Образовать вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

A logical concept is formed by identifying specific features possessed by all members of the concept.

A natural concept is formed through everyday experiences and the best representative of a concept is called a prototype.

Our decisions are influenced by the factors of utility and probability.

 

A logical concept isn’t formed by identifying specific features possessed by all members of the concept.

A natural concept isn’t formed through everyday experiences and the best representative of a concept isn’t called a prototype.

Our decisions aren’t influenced by the factors of utility and probability.

 

 

Is a logical concept formed by identifying specific features possessed by all members of the concept?

Is a natural concept formed through everyday experiences and the best representative of a concept is called a prototype?

Are our decisions influenced by the factors of utility and probability?

 

8. Найти пример модального сказуемого, проанализировать. Одно предложение изменить по временам и образовать вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

Creative people tend to have above average intelligence and are able (Present Simple) to integrate different kinds of thinking.

 

Creative people tend to have above average intelligence and were able to integrate different kinds of thinking.

 

Creative people tend to have above average intelligence and will be able to integrate different kinds of thinking.

 

Creative people tend to have above average intelligence and have been able to integrate different kinds of thinking.

 

Creative people tend to have above average intelligence and had been able to integrate different kinds of thinking.

 

Creative people tend to have above average intelligence and aren’t able to integrate different kinds of thinking.

 

Do creative people tend to have above average intelligence and are able to integrate different kinds of thinking?

9. Найти Present and Past Participles, определить их функцию в предложениях.

 

A logical concept is formed (часть сказуемого) by identifying specific features possessed (определение) by all members of the concept.

A natural concept is formed (часть сказуемого) through everyday experiences and the best representative of a concept is called (часть сказуемого) a prototype.

Our decisions are influenced (часть сказуемого) by the factors of utility and probability.

We are also subject to framing (определение) effects, which are biases introduced (определение) in the decision-making process by presenting a situation in a certain manner.

 

10. Поставьте сказуемое одного из предложения во все времена гр. Continuous (Progressive) Tenses, в Active and Passive Voices.

 

Thinking depends on concepts, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features.

 

Thinking is depending on concepts, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features.

Thinking was depending on concepts, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features.

 

Thinking isn’t depending on concepts, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features.

Thinking wasn’t depending on concepts, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features.

 

Is thinking depending on concepts, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features?

Was thinking depending on concepts, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features?

 

 

Concepts are being depended on thinking, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features.

Concepts were being depended on thinking, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features.

 

 

Concepts aren’t being depended on thinking, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features.

Concepts weren’t being depended on thinking, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features.

 

 

 

Are concepts being depended on thinking, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features?

Were concepts being depended on thinking, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features?

 

Образовать вопросительную и отрицательную формы.

 

Variant 2

Thinking

Thinking is the purposeful mental manipulation of words and images. Thinking depends on concepts, which are categories of objects, events, qualities, or relations whose members share certain features. A logical concept is formed by identifying specific features possessed by all members of the concept. A natural concept is formed through everyday experiences and the best representative of a concept is called a prototype.

One of the most important uses of concepts is in problem solving, the thought process that enables us to overcome obstacles to reach goals. The simplest method of solving problems is trial and error which involves trying one possible solution after another until finding one that works. The problem-solving strategy called insight depends on the mental manipulation of information.

Creativity is a form of problem-solving characterized by novel, useful solutions to problems. Creative people tend to have above average intelligence and are able to integrate different kinds of thinking. Creativity also depends on divergent thinking, in which a person freely considers a variety of potential solutions to a problem.

Decision making is a form of problem solving in which we try to make the best choice from among alternative judgments or courses of action. Our decisions are influenced by the factors of utility and probability. We are also subject to framing effects, which are biases introduced in the decision-making process by presenting a situation in a certain manner.

Match the terms:

умственная обработка чего-л. понятие — thinking

особые признаки прототип – a prototype

мыслительный процесс — trial and error

преодолевать препятствия – to overcome obstacles

причина недовольства или ошибки – a problem

решение – decision

проникновение в сущность чего-л. — insight

ранее неизведанное – novel solutions to problems

средние умственные способности – average intelligence

вид мышления  — kind of thinking

дивергентное мышление – divergent thinking

принятое решение – decision making

альтернативное мнение – alternative judgment

процесс действия – course of action

утилитарность и вероятность – utility and probability

предубеждение – framing effect