Задание № 1 – ВРЕМЕНА ГЛАГОЛА

I. Не (to design) a new device.

Заполните таблицу, раскрыв скобки и преобразовав данное предложение в соответствии с таблицей времён действительного залога. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

Группа Время	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
Present	He designs a new device. Он разрабатывает новое устройство.	He is designing a new device. Он разрабатывает новое устройство.	He has designed a new device. Он разработал новое устройство.
Past	He designed a new device. Он разработал новое устройство.	He was designing a new device. Он разрабатывал новое устройство.	He had designed a new device. Он разработал новое устройство.
Future	He will design a new device. Он разработает новое устройство.	He will be designing a new device. Он будет разрабатывать новое устройство.	He will have designed a new device. Он разработает новое устройство.

 

1. A new device (to design) by our engineers.

Заполните таблицу, раскрыв скобки и преобразовав данное предложение          в соответствии с таблицей времён страдательного залога. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

Группа Время	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
Present	A new device is designed by our engineers. Новое устройство разрабатывается нашими инженерами.	A new device is being designed by our engineers. Новое устройство разрабатывается нашими инженерами.	A new device has been designed by our engineers. Новое устройство разработано нашими инженерами.
Past	A new device was designed by our engineers. Новое устройство разработано нашими инженерами.	A new device was being designed by our engineers. Новое устройство разрабатывалось нашими инженерами.	A new device had been designed by our engineers. Новое устройство разработано нашими инженерами.
Future	A new device will be designed by our engineers. Новое устройство будет разработано нашими инженерами.	A new device will be being designed by our engineers. Новое устройство будет разрабатываться  нашими инженерами.	A new device will have been designed by our engineers. Новое устройство будет разработано нашими инженерами.

 

 

Задание № 2 — СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЁН

I. Заполните таблицу, поставив глагол придаточного предложения в нужное время в соответствии с правилом согласования времён. Переведите на русский язык.

 

главное предложение	союз	придаточное предложение
Shе   says	that	we design a new device. Она говорит, что мы разрабатываем новое устройство.
		we designed a new device yesterday. Она говорит, что мы разработали новое устройство.
		we will design a new device tomorrow. Она говорит, что мы разработаем новое устройство.

 

II. Заполните таблицу, поставив глагол придаточного предложения в нужное время в соответствии с правилом согласования времён. Переведите на русский язык.

 

главное предложение	союз	придаточное предложение
Shе   said	that	we designed a new device. Она сказала, что мы разрабатываем новое устройство.
		we had designed a new device the day before. Она сказала, что мы позавчера разработали новое устройство.
		we  would design a new device the next day. Она сказала, что мы завтра разработаем новое устройство.

 

 

Задание № 3 — СОЮЗНОЕ И БЕССОЮЗНОЕ ПОДЧИНЕНИЕ

Распределите данные предложения по трём группам.

Обоснуйте свой выбор. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

 

1. СОЮЗНОЕ ПОДЧИНЕНИЕ: When we heat gas, the motion of molecules becomes still more rapid. It   was reported that a huge work was being done by this group of engineers. Когда мы нагреваем газ, то движение молекул становится еще более быстрым. Сообщили, что эта группа инженеров проделала огромную работу.
2. БЕССОЮЗНОЕ ПОДЧИНЕНИЕ (пропущен союз that): They say their research work will be completed in time. The control system we use in automation must constantly measure some process conditions. Они говорят, что их исследовательская работа будет завершена вовремя. Система управления, которую мы используем в автоматизации, должна постоянно измерять некоторые технологические условия.
3. БЕССОЮЗНОЕ ПОДЧИНЕНИЕ (пропущен союз which или whom):

 

Задание № 4 – ПРИЧАСТИЯ. ИХ ФОРМЫ И ФУНКЦИИ.

 

1. Образуйте 5 форм причастий от глагола to work и запишите их в таблицу:

 

	Active	Passive
Present	working	Being worked
Past	worked	Have worked
Perfect	having worked	Having been worked

 

1. Подчеркните причастия. Определите их форму и функцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

3. Having been tested by the engineers the new types of passenger cars were launched into operation. Perfect Passive. Past Participle. Обстоятельство. Часть сказуемого.
4. Being tested the new machine showed good results.  Present Perfect. Обстоятельство.
5. The equipment used in our shop is very ex Past Participle. Определение.
6. После испытаний инженерами, новые типы легковых автомобилей были введены в эксплуатацию.
7. При испытаниях новая машина показала хорошие результаты.
8. Оборудование, используемое в нашем магазине, очень дорогое.

 

Задание № 5 — НЕЗАВИСИМЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ

 Напишите формулу:

 

НЕЗАВИСИМЫЙ ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ = подлежащее + причастие

 

1. Распределите данные предложения по двум группам. Обоснуйте свой выбор. Предложения переведите на русский язык.
2. The meeting having been over, the students went to the laboratory.
3. The railway was built between two stations, the distance being 30 kilometers.
4. The delegation returned from Moscow, its work being approved.
5. The train having come to the station, the passengers began to get out.

 

1. После того как собрание закончилось, студенты ушли в лабораторию.
2. Железная дорога была построена между двумя станциями, а расстояние составляло 30 километров.
3. Делегация вернулась из Москвы, а ее работа утверждается.
4. После того как поезд прибыл на станцию, пассажиры начали выходить.

 

1. независимый причастный оборот стоит в начале предложения: 1,4

 

2. независимый причастный оборот стоит в конце предложения: 2,3

Задание № 6 — Работа с текстом

 Прочитайте текст «Railways of the World»:

 

Railways of the World

I’d like to tell you a few words about the railways of the world. The world meshwork of railways measures 1.3 million km in length. Almost all of the countries of the world have railways – approximately 101 by the World Bank’s count. The major railways or railway groupings are China, Russia, India, Brazil, the European Union (E.U.) and North America.

These railways carry approximately 89% of the entire world railway freight traffic. Many of the major freight carriers are also major passenger carriers, but there are some differences. Japan carries a relatively small volume of freight traffic but has huge passenger numbers. North America and Brazil carry large volumes of freight but are insignificant in total passenger traffic.

Railways are organized as Ministries, State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and as independent corporations. There are only two remaining major railways that are still Ministries – China and India. The concessioned railways in Latin America and the franchised railways in the UK (and elsewhere in the E.U) are corporations under private management, as are the North American railways. Most of the railways in the E.U. and Russia are SOEs.

1. Обозначьте цветом или начертанием шрифта предложения, которые являются ответами на данные вопросы:

 

• How much does the world meshwork of railways measure in length?
• What are the major railways or railway groupings?
• How many percent of the freight traffic do the major railways carry?
• What country carries huge passenger numbers?
• What countries carry large volumes of freight?
• What way are railways organized?
• Where are railways organized as Ministries?
• What is the structure of railways in the European Union and in Russia?

 

3.Напишите аннотацию на русском языке.

The title of the text is “Railways of the World”.

The text is about railways of the world. At the beginning it is said that the world meshwork of railways measures 1.3 million km in length.However, the major railways are China, Russia, India, Brazil, the European Union and North America.

After that the author point out that these railways carry approximately 89% of the entire world railway freight traffic. Moreover, North America and Brazil carry large volumes of freight but are insignificant in total passenger traffic. As for organization, railways are organized as Ministries, State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and as independent corporations. It shpiild be noted that there are only two remaining major railways that are still Ministries – China and India.

I find the text interesting.

1. Прочитайте текст «British Railways».
2. Напишите краткую аннотацию на английском языке на текст.

 

British Railways

British Railways or Britrail, the former national railway system of Great Britain, was created by the Transport Act of 1947.

The first railway built in Great Britain was the Stockton and Darlington opened in 1825. It used a steam locomotive built by George Stephenson and was practical only for hauling minerals. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened in 1830 was the first modern railway that carried both passengers and freight.

When World War II began in 1939, Britain’s railways were placed under government control. The Transport Act of 1947 nationalized the railways, which were taken over by the British Transport Commission (BTC) in 1948 and given the name British Railways. The BTC divided Britain’s rail network into six (later five) regions on a geographic basis. A 1962 law replaced the BTC with the British Railways Board in 1963. As part of a modernization program, steam locomotives began to be replaced by diesels in the 1950s, and this was followed in the 1960s by electrification. Computerized freight service was introduced in 1975.

Track improvements and the High-Speed Train (InterCity 125), a diesel train operating at speeds up to 125 miles per hour (200 km per hour), cut travel time between Britain’s major cities.

A new state-owned company, Railtrack, was created in 1994 to own and manage the system’s track, signals, land, and stations. Its business was assumed by Network Rail, Ltd., a private company, in 2002.

 

 

The title oft he text is „British Railways”.

The article is devoted to British Railways or Britrail. At the beginning the author tells us about the history of  Britrail. He point out that the first railway built in Great Britain was the Stockton and Darlington opened in 1825.

After that the author makes remarks about World War II. At this time Britain’s railways were placed under government control. The Transport Act of 1947 nationalized the railways. The author outlines Britain’s rail network that was divided into six (later five) regions on a geographic basis.

The author asserts that track improvements and the High-Speed Train cut travel time between Britain’s major cities.

In conclusion the author says that Railtrack manages the system’s track, signals, land, and stations. However, its business was assumed by Network Rail, Ltd., a private company, in 2002.

I find the text interesting and informative.