I. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. Basically, commercial banks borrow their money from the country’s central bank.

2. The company received a substantial government subsidy.

3. Richer diets will require us to roughly double the amount of crops we grow by 2050.

1. Коммерческие банки в основном берут в долг деньги у центрального банка страны.

2. Компания получила хорошую государственную субсидию.

3. Более калорийные диеты потребуют от нас удвоить примерно к 2050 году количество выращиваемых нами культур.

II. Read the text.

The management objectives

1. Another way to think about natural resource management is to think about the purpose of the management. The management objectives are determined by the purpose of the resource itself—as a primary resource, as a raw material or fuel, as a source of food, or as a recreational resource. Those uses fall into two broad categories, consumptive and non-consumptive. Consumptive utilization implies a once-only form of use—that is, it refers to activities in which the resource is effectively consumed or used up, such that it cannot be utilized by another party. Hence, the possibility of future exploitation relies on the resource’s ability to regenerate itself. Non-consumptive utilization also uses the resource to generate economic value, but it does so without using up the resource itself. That category encompasses most recreational uses of natural resources. In the case of consumptive uses, management implies balancing exploitation with a respect for the resource’s regenerative capacities. In non-consumptive uses, management centers on regulating the ways in which humans interact with the resource and containing the negative effects of those interactions on the resource. In either case, management is always about resolving a tension between the potentially conflicting objectives of protection and exploitation.

2. Sometimes the use of a resource may change over time or from one part of the globe to the next. The overexploitation of whales is a case in point: whales were initially a primary raw material and fuel in the West, until the mid-20th century, whereas today whales are considered a recreational resource in the West and a food in other areas. This coexistence of different forms of use around the same resource has generated conflicts.

3. Another strand in natural resource management literature focuses on the difficulties in managing collective resources—that is, resources not contained within specific territorial boundaries (such as the sea or air) or resources whose management at the local level has global repercussions, such as forests.

III. Answer the questions:

1. What are the management objectives determined by? The management objectives are determined by the purpose of the resource itself—as a primary resource, as a raw material or fuel, as a source of food, or as a recreational resource.

2. What does the possibility of future exploitation of natural resources rely on? Hence, the possibility of future exploitation relies on the resource’s ability to regenerate itself.

3. When does management center on regulating the ways in which humans interact with the resource? In non-consumptive uses, management centers on regulating the ways in which humans interact with the resource and containing the negative effects of those interactions on the resource.

IV. Complete the sentences (1- 9) with the words (a-i):

a)overtime b)training c)employee d) profession e) labour f) teamwork g) inventions h) statistics i) retailers.

1. It’s wise to think about choosing profession a before leaving school.

2. If you’re a (an) employee you have to do what your boss tells you.

3. You can earn more money by working overtime.

4. An apprentice is required to do several years’ training.

5. Government statistics show that crime is rising.

6. Many companies want all their employees to be good at teamwork.

7. Many retailers buy direct from the factory.

8. Sometimes the cost of labour or materials is more than the agreed budget.

9. In the twentieth century inventions and new technology changed the world.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
d	c	a	b	h	f	i	e	g

 

V. Match (1-9) with (a-i) to make up sentences:

1.The use of currency is intertwined

2.Russia attempted to convert from a centrally planned economy

3. In this new century China has emerged

4. Some observers worry about

5. Recession is bad because it means

6. With the development of farming

7. The coins were not always round,

8. The Chinese also innovated as they were the first

9. Most elderly people have left the labor force

 

a) to use paper currency.

b) few jobs and loss of income for many.

c) the impact of globalization on third-world countries.

d) to a largely private enterprise economy.

e) as the new player in the international economy.

f)the use of grains for trade became commonplace.

g) and rely on private or public pensions.

h) with the history of money .

i) but they often had irregular sizes and shapes.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
h	d	e	c	b	f	i	a	g

 

VI. Match each of the words on the left with an appropriate explanation on the right.

1.crumbling a) very strict or cruel

2.enviable b) not foreign

3.domestic c) falling apart or collapsing

4.state-run d) something that other people want

5.severe e) managed by the government

6.timid f) immobile, not moving

7.handwritten g) containing or implying a promise

8. promissory h) important or worth money

9.valuable i) written using your hand rather than printed by a machine

10.static j) shy and nervous without much

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
c	d	b	e	a	j	i	g	h	f

VII. Complete the sentences (1-10) with the most suitable preposition (a-j):

a) on b) into c) for d) at e) up f)— g) with h) along i) at j) to.

1. We have decided to take up his offer.

2. I spoke to her ___three weeks ago.

3. I am quite happy to listen to what you have to say.

4. Some people dislike shopping at the internet.

5. Business etiquette is important for people who have to make new contacts.

6. The office closes at 7 p.m.

7. They did a lot of research on the British market.

8. There is absolutely no way we can make a deal with them.

9. To get to the Marketing department, you have to go along the corridor to the end.

10. I last saw him in the beginning of November.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
e	f	j	d	c	i	a	g	h	b

 

VIII. Complete the sentences (1-6) with the appropriate forms of the verbs (a-f):

a) have agreed b) collect c) am meeting d) ordered e) depends on f) is being marketed.

1. Companies collect information about people all the time.

2. We ordered the goods two months ago.

3. Their product is being marketed more imaginatively this year.

4. The level of discount depends on the size of the order that is placed.

5. We have agreed on a few points.

6. I am meeting Misses Walker at 5 pm.

1	2	3	4	5	6
b	d	f	e	a	c