I. Complete the sentences (1- 9) with the words (a-i):

a) salary b) projects c) competitive d) CEO e) pension f) rate g) customers h) routine i) department.

1. A retired person is paid a ………. .

2. According to everyone in the ………., she is a very good boss.

3. Some of my work is quite interesting, but a lot of it is just ………. .
4. If you are paid monthly, rather than weekly, you receive a ………. .
5. Some workers travel to different countries to work on……….
6. A ……….makes important decisions and leads the company. 7. The currencies exchange……….usually changes every day.
8. In the past, companies tried to be more……..by offering a better price. 9. Companies often carry out market research to find out what ……..think.

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
E I H A B D F C G

 

II. Match (1-9) with (a-i) to make up sentences:

1. Paper currency didn’t gain

 

2. A cut in pension benefits

 

3. Youth joblessness can be especially problematic
4. The former accountant was
a) requires the use of economic

resources.

b) the interactions of large numbers of people.
c) a four-million-dollar sculpture.

 

d) by the removal of barriers.

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charged

5. The museum’s latest acquisition is

6.The production and distribution of goods
7. Modern complex economies involve
8. A large firm is typically a corporation.
9. Growth in trade has been accelerated

e) in the euro area.

f) widespread usage in Europe until later.

g) with multiple counts of tax evasion.

 

 

h) can lead to increased private savings.

 

i) which is a legal entity in itself.

 

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
F H E G C A B I D

III. Match each of the words on the left with an appropriate explanation on

the right. 1.socialist

2. vertical

3. standard

4. predictable 5. steady
6. crumbling

7. enviable

a) something aiming to share wealth equally
b) usual or typical

c) going straight up and down d) at a slow, unchanging rate
e) something you know will happen f) very strict or cruel
g) not foreign
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8. domestic

9. state-run

10. severe

h) falling apart or collapsing

i) something that other people want

j) managed by the government

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A C D E B H I G J F

 

IV. Complete the sentences (1-10) with the most suitable preposition (a-j):a)at

b) within c) in d) on e) out of f) with g) by h) to i) along j) at.

1. We’re delighted ________what you have done.

2. I phoned her up and spoke ______her on Tuesday morning.

3. Companies employ people to work for them _______ many kinds of jobs. 4. Our department meeting is _______ Friday afternoon.
5. I took the old card _______the computer.

6. Sally left school ______ the age of 16 and went to work in a bank. 7. I`m sorry. Mr.Smith`s in a meeting _______ the moment.
8. Large companies have a department which manages career development ______the company.
9. She ran________ the corridor and up the stairs to the second floor. 10. Harry comes to work ________ car but I prefer to come on foot.

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
G H C D E A J b I f

V. КОПРы: Simple, Continuous (Progressive), Perfect. Complete the sentences (1-6) with the appropriate forms of the verbs (a-f): a) is b) started
c) is changing d) have been e) are being printed f) will have finished. 19

1. Cultural understanding ________ important.

2. When ____ you ______ writing the report of the meeting?

3. The new price lists __________ tomorrow and will be available in a few days. 4. The company _______currently _________to a new accounting system.
5. Our company _________business in 1995.

6. I ________ never _________to our New York subsidiary.

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1 2 3 4 5 6
A F E C B D

VI. Make the adjectives or adverbs in the box comparative. Then complete the sentences.

a) important b) careful c) high

1. Customers are ……… about what they buy than they were before.

2. When taxes on petrol are ……people don’t use their cars so often. 3. Quality and value for money are becoming ………. .

Оформите ваши ответы в данной таблице:

1 2 3
B C A

VII. Read and translate the text. Write down your translation of the first

paragraph.

The Productivity of Labor

1. Clearly, our standard of living depends on our opportunities to consume, and that depends on our ability to produce. The productivity of labor is the amount of goods and services produced per hour of labor input. Higher productivity makes possible a higher standard of living because it allows society to increase the consumption of goods and services, or leisure, or environmental quality, or all three.

1. Известно, что наш уровень жизни зависит от наших возможностей потребления, и это зависит от нашей способности производить. Производительность труда — это количество товаров и услуг, производимых за час труда. Повышенная производительность создает возможности для более высокого уровня жизни, поскольку он позволяет обществу увеличить потребление товаров и услуг или отдыха, или качества окружающей среды, или всех трех факторов.

2.The productivity of labor is determined by the amount of land and capital available per worker, the level of technology embodied in that capital, the skills of the workers who use it, and the creativity of its entrepreneurs. Productivity can be increased by producing more capital goods, by advancing technology through research and development, and by improving skills through education and training. Affluent societies are notable for the quantity, quality, and technological advancement of their capital goods and for the high level of skills and education of their citizens. In contrast, poor societies are marked by the paucity of both capital and skills.

3. The process of economic growth, a continuing increase in the standard of living that persists over decades, can only come from growth in the productivity of labor. An increase in the standard of living requires, in turn, that a society devote a portion of its economic output to research and development of new technologies, to education and training of workers, and to the production of new capital goods. This can only happen if society is willing to forgo some immediate consumption of goods and services, freeing a portion of the current output of the economy for investment in future growth.

VIII. Answer the questions:

1. What makes possible a higher standard of living? Higher productivity makes possible a higher standard of living because it allows society to increase the consumption of goods and services, or leisure, or environmental quality, or all three.

2. How can productivity be increased? Productivity can be increased by producing more capital goods, by advancing technology through research and development, and by improving skills through education and training.

3. What does an increase in the standard of living require? An increase in the standard of living requires, in turn, that a society devote a portion of its economic output to research and development of new technologies, to education and training of workers, and to the production of new capital goods.