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ВАРИАНТ 4

Упр. 1. Формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future) и Perfect (Present, Past, Future) в действительном (Active) и страдательном (Passive) залогах.

(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

Model: The train has already arrived at the station. Поезд уже прибыл на станцию.

has arrived – Present Perfect Active (to arrive)

1. Railway construction began in China late in the 19^th century and by World War II, more than 25,000 km of track had been laid down mainly in the eastern and northeastern parts of the country.

Began – Past Simple Active (to begin)

Had been laid down – Past Perfect Passive (to lay down)

2. Rush hour is a period at the beginning and end of the working day when large numbers of people are traveling to or from work.

Are travelling – Present Continuous Active (to travel)

Is – Present Simple Active (to be)

3. Arizona has recently adopted the law, according to which the length of trains is limited to 14 passenger cars or 70 freight cars in the interests of safety.

Has adopted – Present Perfect Active (to adopt)

Is limited – Present Simple Passive (to limit)

4. The program of railway reforms is being carried out now in Russia. Under this program, suburban and regional passenger services will be financed from local budgets.

Is being carried – Present Continuous Passive (to carry)

Will be financed – Future Simple Passive (to finance)

At the same time, the government has promised to fund inter-city passenger service.

Has promised – Present Perfect Active (to promise)

1. Cтроительство железной дороги в Китае началось в конце 19-го века, а к началу Второй мировой войны было заложено более 25 000 км путей в основном в восточных и северо-восточных районах страны.
2. Час пик — это период в начале и в конце рабочего дня, когда много людей идут на работу или с работы.
3. Штат Аризона недавно принял закон, согласно которому длина поездов в интересах безопасности ограничена 14 легковыми автомобилями или 70 грузовыми вагонами.
4. В настоящее время в России осуществляется программа железнодорожных реформ. В рамках этой программы из местных бюджетов будут финансироваться пригородные и региональные пассажирские перевозки.

В то же время, правительство обещает финансировать пассажирские перевозки между городами.

(B) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную форму, и переведите их.

1. The new American turbotrain has covered (to cover – Present Perfect Active) a 230-mile distance between Boston and New York in 3 hours 15 minutes with four stops.
2. She was told (to tell – Past Simple Passive) in the enquiry office that the schedule of this commuter train had been changed (to change – Past Perfect Passive).
3. This railway line is being upgraded (to upgrade – Present Continuous Passive) to carry heavier volumes of freight and passenger traffic.
4. New models of lightweight carriages has been introduced (to introduce – Present Perfect Passive) on the Japanese Railways. They consume (to consume – Present Simple Active) 50% less power than old models.
5. We arrived (to arrive – Past Simple Active) at the railway station when the train was approaching (to approach – Past Continuous Active) the platform.
6. Новый американский турбо-поезд преодолел расстояние 230 миль между Бостоном и Нью-Йорком в течение 3 часов 15 минут с четырьмя остановками.
7. В справочном бюро ей сообщили, что график этого пригородного поезда изменился.
8. Эта железнодорожная линия модернизируется для того, чтобы проводить больше грузовых и пассажирских перевозок.
9. Новые модели легких вагонов были недавно введены на японских железных дорогах. Они потребляют на 50% меньше энергии, чем старые модели.
10. Мы прибыли на железнодорожный вокзал, когда поезд приближался к платформе.

Упр. 2. Модальные Глаголы

       Составьте предложения из двух частей, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов must, should, can, may, need.

       Упр. 3. Причастие I

       Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Подчеркните причастия.

1. Chinese Railways lifted the maximum speed of passenger services to 140 km/h on seven key routes radiating from
2. Some old steam locomotives are still being used on tourist routes in England, attracting a lot of foreign tourists.
3. The rail transport is a branch of industry playing a very important role in economical life of our country.
4. Having used aluminum instead of steel, the designers reduced the weight of the carbody.
5. Malaysia and Thailand, two of the most rapidly developing economies in southeast Asia, have great plans to upgrade and expand their railway networks.
6. Китайские железные дороги установили максимальную скорость пассажирских перевозок до 140 км/ч на семи ключевых маршрутах, начинающихся из Пекина.
7. Некоторые старые паровозы до сих пор используются на туристических маршрутах в Англии, привлекая много иностранных туристов.
8. Железнодорожный транспорт является отраслью промышленности, играющей очень важную роль в экономической жизни нашей страны.
9. Используя алюминий вместо стали, конструкторы уменьшили вес кузова автомобиля.
10. Малайзия и Таиланд, две из наиболее быстро развивающихся экономик в Юго-Восточной Азии, имеют большие планы по модернизации и расширению своих сетей железных дорог.

       Упр. 4. Причастие II

       Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Подчеркните причастия.

1. A milk car is a specialized type of tank car designed to carry raw milk between farms and processing
2. X 2000 high-speed trains introduced by Swedish railways in 1990 can run at a speed of 200 kmh on standard track.
3. When upgraded, the railway bridge will be used for the movement of heavy freight trains.
4. The first Siemens’s electric locomotive built in 1879 was so small that the driver straddled it like a horse but it could haul a train with 30 passengers.
5. The things left behind by passengers on the trains or at the stations are usually taken to the Lost Property Office.
6. Автомобиль по перевозке молока является специализированным типом цистерны, предназначенной для перевозки сырого молока от ферм к перерабатывающим заводам.
7. Высокоскоростные поезда X2000, введенные шведскими железными дорогами в 1990 году, могут развивать скорость до 200 км/ч по стандартной дороге.
8. После реконструкции железнодорожный мост будет использоваться для движения тяжелых грузовых поездов.
9. Первый электровоз Siemens, построенный в 1879 году, был таким маленьким, что водитель оседлал его как лошадь, но он мог тащить поезд с 30 пассажирами.
10. Вещи, оставленные пассажирами в поездах или на станциях, как правило, отправляются в Управление утраченного имущества.

       Упр. 5. ТЕСТ

       Выберите нужное причастие (Participle I or Participle II)

1. Special signals ___ along the railroads help enginemen drive trains without accidents.
2. installing B. installed
3. It is impossible to stop quickly the train ___ at such high speed.
4. moving B. moved
5. The El Ferdan Railway Bridge ___ the Suez Canal is the world’s largest drawbridge.
6. crossing B. crossed
7. The Talgo is the first successful European tilting train ___ in Spain in the 1950s.
8. developing B. developed
9. Carriage wheels, ___ over rail joints, produce the familiar sound “click-etty-click”.
10. passing B. passed

       Упр. 6. Задайте разделительные вопросы к следующим предложениям.

1. A lot of passengers were waiting for the train arrival on the platform the whole hour, weren’t they?
2. Ingrid went with John to the railway station to see him off, didn’t she?
3. The 50 km Channel Tunnel consists of three tunnels: two for rail traffic and a central tunnel for services and security, doesn’t it?
4. The porter will help you to carry your luggage to the bus stop, won’t it?
5. Railways cause less air contamination than other modes of transport, don’t they?
6. One of the first railway bridges in Great Britain called “Britannia” has survived to our days, hasn’t it?

Упр. 7. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

Orient Express

Восточный экспресс

The Orient Express is a luxury Trans-European passenger train running from Paris to Constantinople (now Istanbul) for more than 80 years. It covered a route of about 2,740 km that included brief stopovers in such cities as Munich, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.

The Orient Express was built by the International Wagons-Lits (Sleeping Cars) Company founded by the Belgian businessman Georges Nagelmackers. The train made its inaugural run in 1883. During its first journey, the passengers traveled from Paris to the Bulgarian port of Varna by train and were then ferried by steamship across the Black Sea to Constantinople. By 1889, however, the entire trip was by rail. The journey time from Paris to Constantinople was just over 67 hours, as against more than 81 at the train’s inauguration.

The Orient Express consisted of luxuriously furnished sleeping, restaurant and salon cars that housed smoking compartments and ladies’ drawing rooms. With its Oriental rugs, velvet draperies, mahogany paneling, upholstered armchairs covered in Spanish leather, the Orient-Express was unmatched in luxuriousness and comfort. It was famous for its five course French meals as well as for its passengers, who were the elite of Europe’s society, including royalty, diplomats or government officials. The glamour of the train also caught the imagination of numerous writers, among them Graham Greene and Agatha Christie, whose works helped to make it world-famous.

Its service was stopped by World War I but resumed in 1919, with the route running from Paris to Lausanne, then via the Simplon Tunnel to Milan, Venice, Belgrade and Sofia. The train was then called the Simplon–Orient-Express.

After 1945, the train lost their prestige. The luxurious Wagons-Lits cars were replaced by ordinary coaches. Though the Orient Express name survived, the train had little resemblance to the original. However, the 1930s style has been fully recreated by an American businessman, James Sherwood. In the late 1970s, he bought pre-war Wagons-Lits sleeping cars and restored them to their original state. Since 1982, the privately owned Venice-Simplon-Orient Express luxury train has run from London to Venice.

(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.

1. пассажирский поезд повышенной комфортности — luxury passenger train
2. короткая остановка в пути следования — brief stopovers
3. первый рейс — inaugural run
4. перевозить на пароходе через Чёрное море – to ferry by steamship across the Black Sea
5. время в пути — journey time
6. мягкие кресла, обитые кожей — upholstered armchairs covered in leather
7. не имел себе равных по роскоши и комфорту – to be unmatched in luxuriousness and comfort
8. обеды из пяти блюд французской кухни — five course French meals
9. спальные вагоны повышенной комфортности заменили на обычные вагоны — luxurious Wagons-Lits cars were replaced by ordinary coaches
10. купил спальные вагоны довоенной постройки и реставрировал их — bought pre-war Wagons-Lits sleeping cars and restored them

(С) Ответьте на вопросы к тексту. Ответы переведите.

1. How many years did the Orient Express run from Paris to Constantinople? The Orient Express is a luxury Trans-European passenger train running from Paris to Constantinople (now Istanbul) for more than 80 years.
2. What company were sleeping cars for the Orient Express built by? The Orient Express was built by the International Wagons-Lits (Sleeping Cars) Company founded by the Belgian businessman Georges Nagelmackers.
3. When was the train launched? The train made its inaugural run in 1883.
4. Did the passengers travel all the way from Paris to Constantinople by train during its first run? No, they didn’t. During its first journey, the passengers traveled from Paris to the Bulgarian port of Varna by train and were then ferried by steamship across the Black Sea to Constantinople.
5. How many hours did it take the train to cover a route of about 2,740 km? It was just over 67 hours, as against more than 81 at the train’s inauguration.
6. What cars did the Orient Express consist of? The Orient Express consisted of luxuriously furnished sleeping, restaurant and salon cars.
7. What did salon cars house? They housed smoking compartments and ladies’ drawing rooms.
8. What was the train famous for? It was famous for its five course French meals as well as for its passengers, who were the elite of Europe’s society, including royalty, diplomats or government officials.
9. When did the Orient Express lose its prestige? After 1945, the train lost their prestige.

What was done by an American businessman, James Sherwood to return to the Orient Express its good reputation? However, the 1930s style has been fully recreated by an American businessman, James Sherwood. In the late 1970s, he bought pre-war Wagons-Lits sleeping cars and restored them to their original state. Since 1982, the privately owned Venice-Simplon-Orient Express luxury train has run from London to Venice.