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1. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст, а абзацы 1, 2 и 3 перепишите и переведите письменно:

ECONOMIC THEORIES

1. Until recently it was a common view that market economy was a magic arrangement making it possible to solve all economic problems which arise in society. And economics was considered a science producing accurate understanding and explanation of the workings of the economy. But none of the competing theories performed spectacularly well. Even annual forecasts of inflation, unemployment and output are regularly in error.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕОРИИ

1. До недавнего времени считали, что рыночная экономика — это волшебный механизм, который позволяет решать все экономические проблемы, возникающие в обществе. А экономика считалась наукой, которая давала точное понимание и объяснение работы экономики. Но ни одна из конкурирующих теорий не дала хороших результатов. Даже есть постоянные ошибки в годовых прогнозах по инфляции, безработице и производству.

2. Two hundred years ago Adam Smith convinced most of the world that economy worked best when it was left alone. During the years of the Great Depression the British economist John Maynard Keynes forced people to rethink that conclusion. He convinced people that active government intervention in the market place was the only way to ensure economic growth and stability. For nearly thirty years this theory dominated economics and public policy while the economies of industrial countries displayed the longest economic boom in the history of these countries. In the early 1970s when the economy of all industrial countries was performing badly, most of the economists were sure that Keynes’ theory would be abandoned.

2. Двести лет назад Адам Смит убедил большую часть мира в том, что экономика работает лучше всего, когда она сама по себе. В годы Великой депрессии британский экономист Джон Мейнард Кейнс заставил людей переосмыслить это суждение. Он убедил людей в том, что активное государственное вмешательство на рынке было единственным способом обеспечения экономического роста и стабильности. В течение почти тридцати лет эта теория доминировала в экономике и государственной политике, в то время как экономика промышленно развитых стран демонстрировала самый продолжительный экономический бум в истории этих стран. В начале 1970-х годов, когда экономика всех промышленных стран работала плохо, большинство экономистов были уверены в том, что теория Кейнса не будет приниматься во внимание.

3. This happened with the election of M. Thatcher in Great Britain and R. Reagan in the USA in 1979 and 1980, respectively, when Milton Freedman’s monetarist theory was adopted as a guideline to run the economies of industrial countries. This theory began to be implemented in those two countries and later it was expanded to the rest of the industrial world, although with differing degrees. As unemployment and inflation rate began to decline, supporters of this theory claimed victory. But critics pointed to the problems of poverty, homelessness, budget deficits and inadequate public services. They also emphasized that there were no signs of economic improvement in all the industrial countries.

3. Это произошло с избранием М. Тэтчер в Великобритании и Р. Рейгана в США в 1979 и 1980 годах, соответственно, когда монетаристская теория Милтона Фридмана была принята в качестве руководства для управления экономикой промышленно развитых стран. Эта теория стала применяться в этих двух странах, а затем она распространилась на остальную часть промышленного мира, хотя и в разной степени. Поскольку безработица и уровень инфляции начали снижаться, то сторонники этой теории торжествовали победу. Но критики указали на имеющиеся проблемы: бедность, бездомные люди, дефицит бюджета и завышенные государственные услуги. Они также подчеркнули, что не было никаких признаков экономического улучшения во всех промышленных странах.

2. Прочитайте весь текст. Являются ли предложения ниже правильными (True) или неправильными (False) или искомой информации нет в тексте (Not Stated):

1. Economics aims to explain how economies work.

T

2. In general, Adam Smith was against government intervention in economy.

T

3. Adam Smith’s theory dominated economics till the 1970s.

F

4. Milton Freedman was awarded the Nobel Prize for Economics.

F

5. M. Freedman’s monetary theory led to economic improvement in all the industrial countries.

T

3. Составьте вопросы к тексту из слов, расположенных не по порядку:

1. Is market economy making it possible to solve all economic problems?

1. market economy / Is / making it possible / to solve all economic problems?

2. What economic growth could ensure according to J.M. Keynes?

2. What /ensure / according to J.M. Keynes / economic growth / could ?

3. When was Keynes’ theory abandoned?

3. Keynes’ theory / When / was / abandoned?

4. When were M. Thatcher in Great Britain and R. Reagan in the USA elected?

4. were / elected / When / M. Thatcher in Great Britain and R. Reagan in the USA ?

5. Whose theory was adopted as a guideline for industrial countries?

5. was / Whose theory / as a guideline / industrial countries / for / adopted ?

4. Ниже даны слова и словосочетания на русском языке. Найдите в тексте их эквиваленты на английском

экономика (наука)

economics (science)

 

гарантировать экономический рост

to ensure economic growth

 

промышленно развитые страны

industrial countries

 

 безработица

монетаристская теория

unemployment

monetarist theory

5. Перепишите письмо, заполняя пробелы, подходящими по смыслу словами из рамки. Выделите вставленные слова жирным шрифтом:

rely on / advertisement / present employer / my CV / thank you for / independently

 Deborah Clark

11 Leap Lane

London

B18 6NF

10th April 2017

Chloe Grayn

Hiring Manager

Dayjob Ltd

120 Vyse Street

Birmingham

B18 6NF

Dear Ms Grayn,

I am responding to your advertisement yesterday on the www.www.dayjob.com website for a Furniture Designer position. It is with great anticipation that I present my CV to you as I firmly believe that I am perfectly qualified for the role.

I come to you as an experienced, hard-working and motivated individual with a high level of integrity who can design top quality furniture to the highest standards.

With my present employer, I work as part of a furniture manufacturing team designing, machining and building furniture solutions for both new and existing clients. I am involved in researching and identifying furniture trends from furniture fairs, shops, vintage shows, exhibitions and blogs.

You can rely on me to meet any brand style, price and quality criteria needed to delight your customers. I possess a thorough work ethics, and can be a team player while also being able to work independently. Furthermore, I have no trouble working to tight time frames with accuracy and minimal supervision.

Right now, I would like to work for a company like yours where every idea is given the opportunity to rise to the top.

In closing I would like to thank you for for your consideration, and I look forward to discussing the possibilities with you in greater details in the near future.

Yours sincerely,

Deborah Clark Tel: 0044 121 638 0026

Email: DebbyC@.com

6. Перепишите предложения и вставьте правильный ответ, выделив его жирным шрифтом:

1. Before you begin writing your job application letter, consider what …………… you want to include. a. address b. job c. information

1. Before you begin writing your job application letter, consider what …………… you want to include. a. address b. job c. information

2. To include the most convincing, relevant details in your letter, you’ll need to know what the …………… wants. a. employee b. employer c. worker

2. To include the most convincing, relevant details in your letter, you’ll need to know what the …………… wants. a. employee b. employer c. worker

3. Make a connection between your skills and the employer’s …………… to create a list of the preferred qualifications for the ideal candidate for your target job a. requirements b. review c. responsibilities

3. Make a connection between your skills and the employer’s …………… to create a list of the preferred qualifications for the ideal candidate for your target job. a. requirements b. review c. responsibilities

4. Write about as many of the ……………… as possible detailing how you used that skill or exhibited that quality in a work, volunteer, academic or co-curricular role. a. details b. skills c. qualifications

4. Write about as many of the ……………… as possible detailing how you used that skill or exhibited that quality in a work, volunteer, academic or co-curricular role. a. details b. skills c. qualifications

7. Составьте словосочетания:

communication

skills

communication skills

employer’s

requirements

employer’s requirements

ideal

candidate

ideal candidate

job

advice

job advice

ask

for duties

ask for duties

 

8. Перепишите текст, образуя правильную часть речи от слов, предложенных в скобках, чтобы предложения имели смысл:

Communication is the lifeblood of business. For people to get along, work in unison and establish professional relationships with one another, they must communicate with the appropriate etiquette. Listening skills are a main part of communication etiquette. When others are speaking, do not interrupt them. Employ active listening techniques, such as making good eye contact and showing the speaking that you are paying attentiveness to them.

……………… 1 (communicate) is the lifeblood of …………… 2 (busy). For people to get along, work in unison and establish ……………. 3 (profession) relationships with one another, they must communicate with the appropriate etiquette. …………….. 4 (listen) skills are a main part of communication etiquette. When others are speaking, do not interrupt them. Employ active listening techniques, such 90 as making good eye contact and showing the ………… 5 (speak) that you are paying …………. 6 (attentive) to them.

9. Перепишите предложения, вставив правильный ответ из трех предложенных вариантов и выделив его жирным шрифтом:

1. If I were a rich man, I …………….. a very large boat. a. will buy b. would buy c. had bought

1. If I were a rich man, I …………….. a very large boat. a. will buy b. would buy c. had bought

2. If Max …………… more time working and less time playing, his boss wouldn’t have fired him. a. spend b. spent c. had spent

2. If Max …………… more time working and less time playing, his boss wouldn’t have fired him. a. spend b. spent c. had spent

3. We ……………. John if we had known about his problems. a. would help b. will help c. would have helped

3. We ……………. John if we had known about his problems. a. would help b. will help c. would have helped

4. I would run away screaming if I …………… an alien. a. see b. saw c. had seen

4. I would run away screaming if I …………… an alien. a. see b. saw c. had seen

5. If my brother …………. me next year, I’ll take him to Oktoberfest. a. visits b. will visit c. visited

5. If my brother …………. me next year, I’ll take him to Oktoberfest. a. visits b. will visit c. visited

10. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие инфинитив. Выпишите инфинитивы и определите их функцию в предложениях:

1. He advised us to look through the article.

Дополнение.

1. Он посоветовал нам просмотреть статью.

 

2. We have no intention to order these fabrics.

Определение.

2. У нас нет намерения заказывать эти ткани.

 

3. The function of this device was to compute all these quantities.

Часть сказуемого.

3. Функция этого устройства состояла в том, чтобы вычислить все эти величины.

 

4. To smoke is harmful.

Подлежащее.

4. Курить вредно.

 

5. They gave the programmers hours to re-write a message on the website.

Обстоятельство.

5. Они дали программистам время, чтобы переписать сообщение на сайте.

 

11. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие инфинитивы и инфинитивные обороты. Выпишите из предложений фразы, образующие эти обороты и дайте им определение:

1. The mistake was too obvious for everybody to notice it.

1. Ошибка была слишком очевидной, чтобы все могли ее заметить.

 

2. I know him to be a very good student.

2. Я знаю, что он очень хороший студент.

 

3. The rules of the presentation are known to be followed (by everyone).

3. Известно, что правила презентации соблюдают все.

 

4. I happened to meet him at scientific conferences.

4. Мне довелось встретиться с ним на научных конференциях.

 

5. All my group mates are likely to pass the exams.

5. Все мои одногруппники вероятно сдадут экзамены.

 

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