1. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст, а абзацы 1, 2 и 3 перепишите и переведите письменно:

1. Alfred Marshall defined economics as the study of mankind in everyday business life. There are other definitions too. But Marshall‘s definition draws attention to a unique feature of human society: that unlike animals, man provides for his everyday needs by means of a complex pattern of production, distribution and exchange.

2. We need food, clothes and shelter. If we could get them without working, we probably would not work. But even when we have these essential things, we may want other things because they might make life more enjoyable. Human beings certainly have a wide and very complex range of wants. This everyday business of providing the means of life is called by the general term «economy».

3. Economics is the study of economies. The science of economics is concerned with all that man produces and not just our basic needs like food, clothes and shelter. The science of economics is based upon the facts of our everyday lives and the general life of our communities. If we want to understand the whole economic system we have to study carefully the economic activity of the society. Apart from production, distribution of products among various groups in society and exchange, economics studies the institutions that were created by man to promote economic development.

4. Economists are those who observe and study economic facts and produce economic theories. They try to describe the facts of the economy in which we live, and to explain how it all works. The economist‘s methods should be strictly objective, if they are to be scientific. In order to understand the evolution of economy scientists must study economies at different stages of historic development. They study primitive economies, economies of the ancient and the medieval societies. But their main interest is focused on the economy of the advanced industrial countries.

 

ЭКОНОМИКА

1. Альфред Маршалл определил экономику как изучение человечества в повседневной деловой жизни. Есть и другие определения. Но определение Маршалла сосредоточено на уникальной черте человеческого общества: человек, в отличие от животных, обеспечивает свои повседневные потребности посредством сложной схемы производства, распределения и обмена.

2. Нам необходимы еда, одежда и жилье. Если бы мы могли получить их без работы, мы, вероятно, не работали бы. Но даже когда у нас есть эти важные вещи, мы можем хотеть другие вещи, потому что они могут сделать жизнь более приятной. У людей, безусловно, есть широкий и очень сложный спектр потребностей. Это повседневное дело обеспечения средств жизни называется общим термином «экономика».

3. Наука «экономика» — это изучение экономики. Экономическая наука касается всего, что производит человек, а не только наших основных потребностей, таких как еда, одежда и жилье. Экономическая наука основана на фактах нашей повседневной жизни и общей жизни наших сообществ. Если мы хотим понять всю экономическую систему, мы должны изучить уход полностью хозяйственную деятельность общества. Помимо производства, распределения продуктов между различными группами общества и обмена, экономика изучает институты, созданные человеком для содействия экономическому развитию.

2. Прочитайте весь текст. Являются ли предложения ниже правильными (True) или неправильными (False) или искомой информации нет в тексте (Not Stated):

1) There are many different definitions of economics. True.

2) Basic needs include food, clothes and shelter. True.

3) Economics studies the economies of different countries. Not stated.

4) Modern economics is based upon mathematics. False.

5) Economics is a social science that studies the production, distribution and exchange of goods. True.

3. Составьте вопросы к тексту из слов, расположенных не по порядку:

1) Can one get food, clothes and shelter without working?

2) What does the term «economy» mean?

3) What the science of economics is based upon?

4) Should the economist‘s methods be strictly scientific?

5) Why do economists study economies at different stages of historic development?

4. Ниже даны слова и словосочетания на русском языке. Найдите в тексте их эквиваленты на английском:

экономика (наука) – economy

экономика (хозяйство) — economics

основные потребности — everyday needs

экономическое развитие – economic development

развитые промышленные страны — advanced industrial countries

5. Перепишите письмо, заполняя пробелы, подходящими по смыслу словами из рамки. Выделите вставленные слова жирным шрифтом:

employed with / advertisement / enclosed my СV / contact me / the skills and knowledge / your time and consideration

 

Richard Daniels

444 Annere Road

Birmingham

B18 6NF

12 December 2010

Mr Philip Smith

Hiring Manager

 IT design Company

Made Up Road

London

B18 6NF

Dear Mr Smith,

I have read your advertisement for a Graphic Designer with great interest as I believe that my skills and qualifications match your requirements for this position. I would welcome the chance to apply the skills and knowledge. I have gained to your vacancy and I feel my abilities would prove to be an asset for your organization.

Currently I am employed with Unique Web Design Services as a graphics designer and have been involved in a number of high profile projects. I am comfortable working as part of a team or individually and have an in-depth understanding of emerging technologies in new media.

I have enclosed my СV for your review, it includes a more detailed list of my technical skills. Please feel free to contact me on the number given below and I look forward to meeting you in the near future.

Thank you in advance for your time and consideration and I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely,

Richard Daniels

Mobile: 0121 638 0026

Email: richD@niel.com

6. Перепишите предложения и вставьте правильный ответ, выделив его жирным шрифтом:

1) It’s important to focus on your most relevant …………… and strengths when writing resumes and cover letters, and when being interviewed.

a) jobs b) skills c) detail

2) Whenever possible, point to any positive …………… or recognition you received while applying the skill.

a) results b) opportunities c) contacts

3) List the highest priority phrases at the beginning of your descriptions to get the most ………….

a) orientation b) qualifications c) attention

4) Sign off your email with a……..close, such as «Best» or «Sincerely,» followed by your name.

a) polite b) perfect c) notorious

7. Составьте словосочетания:

correct employer name

relevant skills

job advertisement

qualifications of applicant

experience level

8. Перепишите текст, образуя правильную часть речи от слов, предложенных в скобках, чтобы предложения имели смысл:

Good business etiquette is the recipe for advancement 1 (advance) your career. In the business world, people with good etiquette are rewarded for their professional 2 (profession) and polite skills. For example, an employee 3 (employ) who arrives at a meeting on time (or early) and is ready to take notes has a better chance of impression 4 (impress) his supervisor than the employee who shows up to the meeting late, and forgets to bring a pen. Those who exemplify good business etiquette are proving that they respect their position, job, co-workers and take their performance 5 (perform) seriously. As such, these individuals win promotion 6 (promote) and get ahead in their careers.

9. Перепишите предложения, вставив правильный ответ из трех предложенных вариантов и выделив его жирным шрифтом:

1) He would play volleyball if he …………….

a) can b) had to c) could

2) They …………… to see you if they hadn’t been away.

 a) would came b) would have come c) came

3) Their teacher gets annoyed if students ……………… their mobile phones in class.

a) use b) used c) would use

4) I would have driven to Miami if I ………………. a car.

a) have b) had c) had had

5) If I were you, I ……………. the exam.

a) had passed b) would pass c) would have passed

10. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие инфинитив. Выпишите инфинитивы и определите их функцию в предложениях:

1) To write a letter was the main thing for the day. Подлежащее.

2) A company may also ask candidates for the job to complete a standard application form. Часть сказуемого, обстоятельство цели.

3) The aim of the experiment is to test a new substance. Часть сказуемого.

4) She went to the lab to collect more material for her work. Обстоятельство цели.

5) He is always the first to come to the University. Определение.

1) Написать письмо было главным делом за день.

2) Компания также может попросить кандидатов на работу заполнить стандартную форму заявки.

3) Цель эксперимента — проверить новое вещество.

4) Она пошла в лабораторию, чтобы собрать больше материала для своей работы.

5) Он всегда первым приходит в университет.

11. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие причастия:

1) She sent a testimonial from her former employer when applying for the post.

2) Being informed by his friend from PR Department he knew that all of their offices overseas would be closed within three years.

3) Having taken the Marshall plan many American companies created European subsidiaries.

4) He also wanted to scrap the council tax discountoffered to second-home owners.

1) Она отправила отзыв от своего бывшего работодателя при подаче заявления на эту должность.

2) Получив информацию от своего друга из отдела по связям с общественностью, он знал, что все их офисы за рубежом будут закрыты в течение трех лет.

3) Приняв план Маршалла, многие американские компании открыли европейские филиалы.

4) Он также хотел отказаться от налоговых скидок, выплачиваемых совладельцам вторичного жилья.

12.Перепишите предложения, вставив модальные глаголы, выберите правильный ответ из трех предложенных вариантов, выделив его жирным шрифтом:

1) All other buyers …………. within 45 days of the auction.

a) must close b) must to close c) must be close

2) The company ………… something about the poor service.

a) ought to do b) ought have do c) ought do

3) Can’t we employ someone as an assistant to help with all this paperwork?

a) Can’t we employ b) Can’t we be employ c) Can’t we to employ

4) We ………….. new ways to gain customers.

a) need to be developed b) need to develop c) need to developing

13. Перепишите предложения, вставив пассивный залог, выберите правильный ответ из трех предложенных вариантов, выделив его жирным шрифтом:

1) Your future salary…………. according to qualifications and experience.

a) is fixed b) will be fixed c) were fixed

2) Nowadays shops ……….. to put their prices down in order to attract customers.

a) have been forced b) are being forced c) would be forced

3) Costs ……….. to double by the end of the year.

a) are expected b) would be expected c) has been expected

4) ……. your salary …………. yet?

a) Has … been paid b) Is … paid c) Will … be paid