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Constructing a project

The Russian Federation is engaged in trade with many foreign countries. It also renders technical assistance to a number of developing countries. This assistance is provided in building metallurgic complexes, in the construction of oil and gas pipe-lines, fertilizer and cement factories, nuclear power plants, etc. Trade with developed countries as well as economic and technical assistance to developing countries ranks high in the foreign economic relations of our country. The reason for this is the possibility to obtain hard currency necessary for our own technical and economic modernization.

Construction and operation of industrial enterprises in developing countries are as a rule carried out in different conditions where a number of commercial, technical and organizational problems are to be solved. Sometimes international agreements are to be taken into account in order to fulfill the contracts signed with the particular countries. This is due to the fact that some developing countries are under control of some international organizations (International Atomic Energy Organization, for instance).

Construction of factories and plants in developing countries sometimes requires procurement of equipment, providing technical and advisory services, assuring the necessary repair and maintenance of the equipment. In doing so the Customer’s interests are to be safeguarded. It is therefore essential that local building materials should be used fore construction, and locally produced equipment should make part of the project. Exchange of experience is naturally appreciated by the Customer.

Constructing a project

The Russian Federation is engaged in trade with many foreign countries. It also renders technical assistance to a number of developing countries. This is provided in building metallurgic assistance, in the construction of oil and gas pipe-lines, fertilizer and cement factories, nuclear power plants, etc. Trade with developed countries as well as economic and technical assistance to developing countries ranks high in the foreign economic relations of our country. The reason for this is the possibility to obtain hard currency necessary for our own technical and economic modernization.

Construction and operation of industrial enterprises in developing countries are as a rule carried out in different conditions where a number of commercial, technical and organizational problems are to be solved. Sometimes international agreements are to be taken into account in order to fulfill the contracts signed with the particular countries. This is due to the fact that some countries are under control of some international developing organizations (International Atomic Energy Organization, for instance).

Construction of factories and plants in countries sometimes requires procurement of equipment, providing technical and advisory services, assuring the necessary repair and maintenance of the equipment. In doing so the Customer’s interests are to be safeguarded. It is therefore essential that local building materials should be used fore construction, and locally produced equipment should make part of the project. Exchange of experience is naturally appreciated by the Customer.

Создание проекта

Российская Федерация ведет торговлю со многими зарубежными странами. Она также оказывает техническую помощь ряду развивающихся стран. Помощь оказывается в строительстве, металлургии, строительстве нефте- и газопроводов, заводов по производству удобрений и цемента, атомных электростанций и т. д. Торговля с развитыми странами, а также экономическая и техническая помощь развивающимся странам занимают одно из первых мест во внешнеэкономических связях нашей страны. Причина — возможность получить твердую валюту, необходимую для собственной технико-экономической модернизации.

Строительство и эксплуатация промышленных предприятий в развивающихся странах, как правило, осуществляется в различных условиях, где необходимо решить много коммерческих, технических и организационных проблем. Иногда необходимо учитывать международные соглашения для выполнения контрактов, подписанных с конкретными странами. Это связано с тем, что некоторые страны находятся под контролем некоторых международных развивающихся организаций (например, Международной организации по атомной энергии).

Строительство фабрик и заводов в странах иногда требует закупки оборудования, предоставления технических и консультационных услуг, обеспечения необходимого ремонта и обслуживания оборудования. При этом должны быть соблюдены интересы Заказчика. Поэтому важно, чтобы при строительстве использовались местные строительные материалы, а оборудование местного производства должно стать частью проекта. Заказчик, естественно, ценит обмен опытом.

Упражнение 1. Соедините понятия и их определения.

1. public sector b) organizations which are owned or controlled by the government

3. competitive advantage a) something that helps you to be better or more successful that others

2. bank statement c) information sent regularly by a bank to a customer, showing the money that has gone into and out of their account over a particular period

4. to decline j) a period of economic decline in a country

5. promotion d) a move to a more important job or rank in a company structure

6. Inflation f) a rise in prices caused by an increase in money supply

7.Unemployment i) the number of people without a paid job

9. Capital g) wealth or property that can be used to produce more wealth

8. Recession e) to become less profitable, productive, wealthy, etc

10. Goods h) things for sale

Упражнение 2. Расставьте части письма в правильном порядке.

Вместо пропусков в основной части письма вставьте правильное слово из

рамочки. Будьте внимательны: вам понадобятся не все предложенные слова.

Acknowledge enclosing offer confirm requested in accordance with the delivery place demand writing

Dear Sirs,

Ref: Order # 142 of 21th March, 1997

Yours faithfully,

Thank you very much for your letter of 21th March, 1997. We are pleased to

confirm your order for 4000 men’s silk shirts. As you requested we are enclosing the copy of your order, duly signed, as an acknowledgement.

We acknowledge that the delivery will be made immediately on opening a letter of credit with our bank for the amount of $4212 and in accordance with your instructions.

We hope our shirts will be in great demand in Ukraine and you will have a

good turnover and you will be able to place larger orders with us in the future.

Vysteria Ltd.

P.O.Box 82

Kiev 253206

Ukraine

Alfred Smithers,

Sales Manager

Упражнение 3. Ещё раз ознакомьтесь с содержанием письма в упражнение 2 и выберите, к какому типу письма из приведенного ниже списка оно относится.

Letter of Reminder

Letter of Acknowledgement

Letter of Offer

Letter of Application

Letter of Inquiry

Letter of Complaint

Упражнение 4. Ознакомьтесь с приведенным ниже диалогом. Вставьте пропущенные слова из рамочки.

Check in boarding pass hand luggage allowance departure gate weigh

On the way back

Visitor: Do I check in for the flight to Moscow here?

Clerk: Moscow, sir? Yes, that’s right. May I see your ticket and passport, please? And your bag. Put it on the scales, please.

V.: Here it is. Do I need to weigh this small bag?

C.: Are you keeping it as hand luggage, sir?

V.: Yes.

C.: You must weigh that as well. Oh, it’s too heavy. I’m afraid there’ll be an excess luggage charge. Perhaps there’s something you could take out? Otherwise you’ll have to pay extra.

V.: All right. I’ll take these booklets out. They are rather bulky.

C.: Will you put your luggage on the machine again, sir? Now that’s better.

V.: Is it inside the free allowance?

C.: Yes, you are allowed that much. Here are your ticket and the boarding pass. Your luggage tag is attached to your ticket.

V.: Thank you. Which way do I go now?

C.: Passport control is that way. Then the departure gate is straight ahead.

V. Thank you.