№1 посмотрите и прочитайте данные слова:

 

limber boards – льяльные крышки

double bottom – двойное дно

flooring – настил

inner edge – внутренний край

a hatch covering system – система закрытия грузовых люков

a side rolling system – система скольжения лючин на роликах по боковым направлениям

 athwartships – поперек судна

portable – портативный

batten – балка, брусок; задраивать

to fit – соответствовать, оснащать

 to fit into – плотно входить во ч.-л.

 sheathing – обшивка

hatchway – отверстие люка

hatch cover – крышка люка

 hinge – шарнир

to restrict – ограничивать

compulsory – обязательный

 bilge – льяло

 

№2 найдите слова с противоположным значением:

1)	General G		a) whole		5)	Forepeak E		e) afterpeak
2)	Upper F		b) beginning		6)	Part A		f) lower
3)	Fore D		c) to close		7)	to open C		g) partial
4)	End B		d) aft

 

 

№3 прочитайте и переведите данный текст:

 

HOLDS AND HATCHES

 

1. Holds

 

The inner space of a ship between the limber boards of a double bottom and the decks is designed for carrying cargoes. This space is called a hold.

Holds have different capacity. Big vessels have cargo holds divided into several separate compartments by watertight bulkheads. Each dry cargo vessel has four or five holds. The holds have bilges which serve to give way for drain-age the water¹ which may condensate on metal bulkheads or collect on wooden floorings. The water collected in the bilges is pumped out by a hold pump. To protect the bilges from corrosion they are covered with cement or special anti-corrosion substance, besides they are protected by limber boards. The double bottom is covered with removable wooden flooring. Cargo battens or ‘spar ceiling’ as they are often called, comprises portable wooden battens fitted to the inner edges of the frames and so from sheathing to the ship’s side.

Spar ceiling is made up of boards and arranged either horizontally or ver-tically between frames. The purpose of this wooden sheathing is to prevent packages of cargo from damage by moisture which may collect on the side of the ship. The space so formed between the spar ceiling and the ship’s side helps to provide a complete air space around the cargo and thereby improves ventilation. The spar ceiling should always be kept in a good state.

 

2. Hatches

Each hold has a hatchway. The hatchway is a rectangular opening in the ship’s deck. The vertical plating around the hatchway is called hatchway coaming. When the cargo work is over, it is necessary to cover the ship’s hatches. Hatches should be covered with special covering systems. Despite the covering system used² the hatch beams should be fitted into sockets riveted to the inner side of coamings.

 

The hatch beams serve to support the hatch covers. Quick operating hatch covers permit the opening or closing of covers in as little time as two minutes per hatch⁴. Some types of hatch covers are formed of hinged sections in one or several pairs and are especially suitable to big hatchways. The hinged sections are stowed at the ends of the hatchway. Where space is restricted at the hatch ends a side rolling system is used athwartships from the holds.

The use of the modern form of hatch coverings has the following ad-vantages: quick working reduced cargo handling time better use of the space elimination of damage due to the presence of coamings. After finishing loading and before leaving the port, it is compulsory to cover the hatches with tarpaulins to ensure water tightness.

 

ТРЮМЫ И ЛЮКИ

 

1. Трюмы

 

Внутренняя часть корабля между льяльными крышками и палубами предназначено для перевозки грузов. Это часть называется трюмом.

Трюмы имеют разную вместимость. На больших судах грузовые трюмы разделены на несколько отдельных отсеков водонепроницаемыми переборками. Каждое сухогрузное судно имеет четыре или пять трюмов. В трюмах есть места, которые служат для отвода воды, которая может конденсироваться на металлических переборках или скапливаться на деревянных настилах. Собранная в трюмах вода откачивается трюмным насосом. Для защиты льял от коррозии их покрывают цементом или специальным антикоррозионным веществом, а также защищают льяльными крышками. Двойное дно застелено съемным деревянным настилом. Грузовые рейки или «трюмный рыбинс», как их часто называют, представляют собой переносные деревянные рейки, прикрепленные к внутренним краям шпангоутов и, таким образом, от обшивки к борту судна.

Трюмный рыбинс состоит из досок и размещается между каркасами горизонтально или вертикально. Назначение этой деревянной обшивки — предотвратить повреждение грузовых мест влагой, которая может скапливаться на борту судна. Пространство, образованное таким образом между трюмным рыбинсом и бортом корабля, помогает обеспечить полное воздушное пространство вокруг груза и, таким образом, улучшает вентиляцию. Трюмный рыбинс всегда нужно поддерживать в хорошем состоянии.

 

2. Люки

В каждом трюме есть люк. Люк представляет собой прямоугольный проем в палубе корабля. Вертикальная обшивка люка называется комингсом люка. По окончании грузовых работ необходимо закрыть люки корабля. Люки должны быть закрыты специальными системами закрытия. Несмотря на используемую систему укрытия, люковые балки следует вставлять в гнезда, приклепанные к внутренней стороне комингсов.

 

Люковые балки служат для поддержки люковых крышек. Быстродействующие крышки люков позволяют открывать или закрывать крышки всего за две минуты на каждый люк4. Некоторые типы люковых крышек состоят из навесных секций в одну или несколько пар и особенно подходят для больших люков. Навесные секции складываются в торцы люка. Если пространство у люков ограничено, поперек трюмов используется система бокового качения.

Использование люковых покрытий современной формы имеет следующие преимущества: быстрая работа, сокращение времени обработки груза, лучшее использование пространства, отсутствие повреждений из-за наличия комингсов. По окончании погрузки и перед выходом из порта люки необходимо накрыть брезентом для обеспечения водонепроницаемости.

№4 дополните предложения словами из рамки

afterpeak, hold, beam, hatch cover, bottom, hatch coaming, bow, hatch, bridge, framing, bulkhead, frame, compartment, forepeak, deck, stern, forecastle, double bottom, plating, tweendeck, poop, sternpost, side, stem

1. The forward end of the hull is called bow.

2. The after end of the hull is called stern.

3. The lowermost part of the hull is called bottom.

4. The topping part of the hull is called sternpost.

5. The wall of the hull is called plating.

6. The hull’s shell is called frame.

7. The system of beams, girders and frame is called deck.

8. The vertical watertight wall is called tweendeck.

9. The superstructure erected at the forward end of the ship is called afterpeak.

10. The superstructure erected at the after end of the ship is called forepeak.

11. The superstructure erected about amidships is called bulkhead.

12. The space in the hull restricted by bulkheads is called compartment.

13. Openings in the deck passage of cargo are called hatchs.

14. The iron rim around a hatch is called framing.

15. The plate which covers a hatch is called hatch cover.

16. Cargo storage areas are called holds.

 

№5 переведите данные слова и словосочетания:

hold − трюм		hatch − люк
space − пространство		limber board – льяльная крышка
bilge − трюм		compartment − отсек
bulkhead − переборка		to condensate − конденсироваться
to collect − собрать		to pump out − откачивать
wooden flooring – деревянный настил		battens – планки из древесины
spar ceiling – трюмный рыбинс		hatchway − люк
coaming − комингс		to cover − покрыть
to support − поддерживать		to permit − разрешить
damage − повреждение		per − за
the inner space – внутреннее пространство		to be designed for collecting water −
quick operating system – быстрая операционная система		Быть предназначенным для сбора воды
		a separate compartment – отдельный отсек
to ensure water tightness – обеспечить водонепроницаемость		to pump out water – откачать воду
to be divided by watertight bulkheads		to protect by limber boards – защищать льяльными крышками
− разделить водонепроницаемыми переборками		a removable wooden battens – съемная деревянная рейка
to prevent damage – предотвратить повреждения
to support the hatch covers – поддерживать крышки люков		hatchway coamings – комингсы люков

 

№6 составьте 5 предложений с данными словами:

Some countries may collect information according to both criteria.

The space is divided by watertight bulkheads.

Everyone has a separate compartment.

The condensate pipe-line consists of two, internal and external parts.

States also have an obligation to protect their environment and prevent damage to neighbouring environments.

№7 Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

 

1. What do you call a hold? The inner space of a ship between the limber boards of a double bottom and the decks is designed for carrying cargoes. This space is called a hold.

2. Are all ship’s holds of the same capacity? No, they aren’t. Holds have different capacity.

3. How are the holds separated from each other? Big vessels have cargo holds divided into several separate compartments by watertight bulkheads.

4. How many holds does a typical dry-cargo vessel have? Each dry cargo vessel has four or five holds.

5. What do the bilges serve for? The holds have bilges which serve to give way for drain-age the water which may condensate on metal bulkheads or collect on wooden floorings

6. How much water collected in the bilges can be removed? The water collected in the bilges is pumped out by a hold pump.

7. What are the bilges covered with to protect them from corrosion? To protect the bilges from corrosion they are covered with cement or special anti-corrosion substance, besides they are protected by limber boards.

8. What are limber boards used for? To protect the bilges from corrosion they are covered with cement or special anti-corrosion substance, besides they are protected by limber boards.

9. What is spar ceiling used for? Spar ceiling is made up of boards and arranged either horizontally or ver-tically between frames. The purpose of this wooden sheathing is to prevent packages of cargo from damage by moisture which may collect on the side of the ship.

10. What’s the shape of a hatch coaming? Each hold has a hatchway. The hatchway is a rectangular opening in the ship’s deck. The vertical plating around the hatchway is called hatchway coaming. When the cargo work is over, it is necessary to cover the ship’s hatches. Hatches should be covered with special covering systems. Despite the covering system used2 the hatch beams should be fitted into sockets riveted to the inner side of coamings

 

Грамматический материал

№7 Выберите верный вариант причастия:

1. Lisa has (gone, went) home already.

2. The prize-winning essay was (wrote, written) by my brother.

3. (Examined, examining) by a doctor, his wrist will heal soon.

4. I shook the bright (wrapping, wrapped) gift before opening it.

5. (Waking, being walked) slowly, the dog stretched its legs.

6. The pet (choosing, chosen) by Tim is a baby rabbit.

7. The athlete, (sweating, sweated) heavily, grabbed a towel and a bottle of water.

 

№ 8 Образуйте Participle I или Participle II от глаголов в скобках.

1. We liked the Room of Horrors but some of the tricks were rather frightening.

2. It was raining so heavily that the little puppy got frightened and hid under the bed.

3. Little John’s questions were surprising.

4. We were surprised at the news.

5. The boy translating the story is the best pupil in our class.

6. The girl washing the window is my sister.

7. Doing his homework Tom looked through the window several times.

8. The work done was very interesting.

9. Everything written on the blackboard is correct.

 

 

№9 Образуйте герундий от данных ниже глаголов. Используйте образец. Переведите их.

to fish (рыбачить) – fishing (рыбалка)

to fish (рыбачить) – fishing (рыбалка)

1. to grow –growing рост

2. to build –building здание

3. to play –playing игра

4. to draw –drawing рисование

5. to swim –swimming плавание

 

 №10 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму (герундий):

1. Tom left without finishing his dinner.

2. She ran 5 miles without stopping.

3. They got into the house by breaking a kitchen window and climbing in.

4. It`s nice to go on holiday without having to worry about money.

 

№11 Образуйте из двух данных вам предложений одно. Используйте образец.

Don`t worry about it. It is no use. – it is no use worrying about it.

1. Don`t read newspapers. It`s a waste of time. – It is waste of time reading newspapers.

2. Don`t get angry. It`s not worth it. – It`s not worth getting angry.

3. Don`t study if you are feeling tired. There is no point. There is no point feeling tired.

4. Don’t work if you are ill. It`s not worth it. – It`s not worth working being ill.

 

№12 Вставьте частицу to, где это необходимо (см. инфинитив).

1. At last he was made write a letter to his parents.

2. Children were allowed to go to the cinema alone.

3. Let us be friends.

4. What makes you think so?

5. Don’t let him drive so fast.

 

№13 Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.

1. I hope to see you soon. 2. We expect to be back in two days. 3. He expected to be helped by the teacher. 4. The children seem to have played since morning. 5. I am glad to have done all the homework yesterday.6. She seems to have worked at this problem ever since she came here. 7. I am sorry to have broken your cup. 8. His English seems to get better.

№14 Раскройте скобки, выбрав между инфинитивом (добавить to) и герундием (добавить окончание —ing):

1. I wish that dog would stop barking. It’s driving me mad. (bark)

2. Our neighbour threatened to call the police if we didn’t stop the noise. (call)

3. We were hungry, so I suggested to have dinner early. (have)

4. Hurry up! I don’t want to risk missing the train. (miss)

5. I’m still looking for a job but I hope to find something soon. (find)

№14 Раскройте скобки, выбрав между инфинитивом (добавить to) и герундием (добавить окончание —ing):

1. Would you like me to cook dinner tonight? Ok, but how about making something light, like soup?

2. Do you know how to play the piano? No, but I’d like to learn one day.

3. Mark enjoy listening to music.

4. I can only hope everything turns out well.

5. I’m tired of doing the same exercise.

6. Please let me go to the party. Sorry, you must study for the exam.

7. This year Jack plans to buy a house.

8. Did you see the robber? Yes. I saw him getting into the car and drive away.

9. She is too short to become a fashion model.

10. That’s a music school, isn’t it? That’s right. I often hear the students sing as I walk past.