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Starting work

Most people spend a third of their lives at work and spend more time with their work colleagues than with their families or friends. So it is important that people enjoy their work as much as possible: and enjoying work means choosing the right career in the first place.

People in Britain can start at the age of sixteen, though many people stay at school after this age. For all people, as they approach the end of their school lives, the big question is — what are they going to do?

Most young people have several choices open to them when they leave school. Here are some of them. They can leave school at sixteen, and take a low-paid job, often a manual one, such as working in a shop or a factory. They can leave school at sixteen, take a job but spend one day a week at a College of Further Education learning more about the theory and practice of their work.

Many people who are learning a practical skill — for example, car mechanics, caterers, haidressers or typists — this. At the end of their training, they get aqualification which gives them a better change of promotion and higher wages. At the same time, they have gained practical experience in their job because they have been working while training.

Many people stay at school to take O-level and A-level G.C.E. examinations. This means working very hard and earning no money for two or three more years. However, with O-levels and A-levels, a student has many choices open to him.

If he goes to a Technical College, he can get a qualification in a practical skill such as engineering, art and design, secretarial work, business studies or child care. He can go to medical school or a hospital and learn to become a doctor. These training courses take from two to seven years.

If a sudent hs very good results in his A-levels he can go to a university and get a degree in a subject like Languages, Maths, Philosophy, Literature or Science. This normally takes three years. However, after such an academic course, many students still have no practical skill for doing a job. Some then take another course to learn to use their knowledge in teaching law or accountancy, for example.

Notes:

manual job — физический труд

caterers —    поставщики провизии

O-level — Ordinary Level — экзамен по программе средней школы на обычном уровне

A-level — Advanced Level — экзамен по программе средней школы на повышенном уровне

G.C.E. = General Certificate of Education

How much time do people spend at work? Most people spend a third of their lives at work.

What choices do most young people have when they leave school? Most young people have several choices open to them when they leave school.

What examinations do people who stay at school after they are sixteen take?

Where can a student go if he has very good results in his A-levels? Many people stay at school to take O-level and A-level G.C.E. examinations.

What other academic course can one take after having taken an academic course? If a sudent hs very good results in his A-levels he can go to a university and get a degree in a subject like Languages, Maths, Philosophy, Literature or Science. This normally takes three years. However, after such an academic course, many students still have no practical skill for doing a job. Some then take another course to learn to use their knowledge in teaching law or accountancy, for example.

 

Письменно переведите 3, 4, 7-й абзацы текста.

У большинства молодых людей есть несколько вариантов выбора, когда они заканчивают школу. Вот некоторые из них. Они могут окончить школу в шестнадцать лет и устроиться на низкооплачиваемую работу, часто ручную, например, работать в магазине или на фабрике. Они могут окончить школу в шестнадцать лет, устроиться на работу, но проводить один день в неделю в колледже дополнительного образования, узнавая больше по теории и практике своей работы.

Многие люди, которые изучают практические навыки — например, автомеханики, провайдеры питания, парикмахеры или машинистки – это те люди. По окончании обучения они получают повышение квалификации, что дает им хороший шанс продвижения по службе и более высокую заработную плату. В то же время они приобрели практический опыт в своей работе, потому что они работали во время обучения.

Если у студента очень хорошие результаты по экзамену по программе средней школы на повышенном уровне, то он может поступить в университет и получить диплом по таким предметам, как языки, математика, философия, литература или естественные науки. Обычно это занимает три года. Однако после такого академического курса многие студенты все еще не имеют практических навыков для выполнения работы. Некоторые затем проходят другой курс, чтобы научиться использовать свои знания, например, в преподавании права или бухгалтерского учета.

Закончите предложения, используя следующие словосочетания.

the right career, further training, a manual job, higher wages, a practical skill, training courses, get degree.

You can go to university and get degree in a subject like Literature, Maths, Languages.

If you go to a Technical College you can get a qualification in a practical skill.

These training courses take anything from two to seven years.

After leaving school I need some kind of further training.

A qualification gives them a better change of promotion and higher wages.

They can take a manual job, such as working in a shop or a factory.

People enjoy work only when they choose the right career.

IV. Замените выделенные слова в предложениях следующими словами:
collegues, approach, training, normally, a manual job.

1.I get on well with my work partners (collegues) at my office.

When we come (approach) to the end of our school lives we decide what we are going to do.

At the end of their learning (training) they get a qualification.

An academic course usually (normally) takes three years.

A factory offers only a physical job (a manual job).

Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной видовременной форме.

I was sure that the training took a long time and required a lot of hard work.
2. I went to university after I had left school with good results in my A-level.

3.1 worked at this office until I retired at sixty-five.

It takes six months of constant study to pass Law Society Exams.
5.1 think that I will earn excellent money and will enjoy the work.

Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный.

The College education gave the students a qualification giving them a better
change of promotion.

At present the shop can offer people only a low-paid job.

The student are taking Law Society exams now.

4.1 have already used my knowledge in law and accountancy in teaching.

The manager of the office reported that they would accept me for a job.

 

The students were given by the College education a qualification giving them a better
change of promotion.

People at present can be offered only a low-paid job by the shop.

Law Society exams are being taken by the students now.

My knowledge has already been used in law and accountancy in teaching by me.

The manager of the office reported that I would be accepted for a job by them.

 

Переведите предложения, содержащие глаголы в страдательном залоге.

 

The theory and practice of the work can be learned at a College of Further Education.

Several choices have been opened to young people on leaving school.

Promotion and higher wages were promised after getting a qualification.

A practical skill — for example, car mechanics, caterers, hairdressers — is being learned at the college.

A student is trained to be a teacher at the College of Education.

 

Теорию и практику работы можно изучить в колледже дополнительного образования.

Для молодых людей после окончания школы есть несколько возможностей.

Повышение в должности и повышение заработной платы обещали после получения квалификации.

Практические навыки — например, автомеханики, поставщики, парикмахеры — изучаются в колледже.

Студент учится на учителя в педагогическом колледже.

Подчеркните инфинитив, определите его форму и функцию.

Some of the students take another course to learn (Indefinite Simple Active – обстоятельство цели) how to use (Indefinite Simple Active, дополнение) their knowledge in teaching law.

The work to be divided (Indefinite Simple Passive, определение) up among them was hard.

Sometimes they were glad to have been given (Perfect Passive обстоятельство цели) any work.

Many people stay at school to take (Indefinite Simple Active, обстоятельство цели) O-level and A-level G.C.E. examinations.

To go (Indefinite Simple Active, обстоятельство цели) to a Technical College is necessary, if you want to get (Indefinite Simple Active, дополнение) a qualification.

Преобразуйте предложения, употребляя причастие в функции определения или обстоятельства.

After they had left school, they took a job and spent one day a week at a College of Further Education.

You need a training which is required to get a degree in Law.

Many people who are learning a practical skill study at a College.
1 took the exams which took six months of constant study.

 

Having left school, they took a job and spent one day a week at a College of Further Education.

You need a training requiring getting a degree in Law.

Many people learning a practical skill study at a College.
4.1 took the exams taking six months of constant study.

 

X. Выпишите и письменно переведите предложения с герундием

1.I  went to university after leaving school and got a degree in history.

Enjoying work means choosing the right career in the first place.

Many students still have no practical skill for doing a job.

После окончания школы я поступил в университет и получил степень по истории.

Наслаждаться работой — значит в первую очередь выбирать правильную карьеру.

Многие студенты до сих пор не имеют практических навыков для выполнения работы.