1) Translate the following text:

ELECTRIC CURRENT

An electric current is a stream of electrons driven through a conductor. When two ends of a conductor are connected to two points at different potential, such as the terminals of a battery, we say that there is an electric current in the conductor.

The current will not flow unless there is an electric circuit. The electric current is considered to flow the negative to the positive terminal. The magnitude of the current depends simply on the rate of flow of electrons along the conductor. A difference of electric pressure is necessary to maintain a flow of electricity in a conductor. Different substances differ in electrical conductivity because of the ease with which their atoms give up electrons.

The general kinds of electric current are: (1) direct current, (2) alternating current, (3) oscillating current.

A direct current (D. C.) flows continuously through a conducting circuit in one direction only.

An alternating current (A. C.) continually reverses in direction. Starting from 7.ero, it grows in one direction, reaches a maximum value, drops to zero again, after which it rises in the opposite direction, reaches a maximum value, again dropping to zero. It is thus continually changing both in magnitude and direction.

ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ ТОК

Электрический ток — это поток электронов, который проходит через проводник. Когда два проводника соединены с двумя точками с разным потенциалом, такими как клеммы аккумулятора, мы говорим, что в проводнике есть электрический ток.

Ток не будет идти, если нет электрической цепи. Считается, что электрический ток идет от отрицательного полюса к положительному. Величина тока зависит только от скорости потока электронов по проводнику. Разница электрического давления необходима для поддержания электрического тока в проводнике. Вещества различаются по электропроводности легкостью, с которой их атомы отдают электроны.

Общие виды электрического тока: (1) постоянный ток, (2) переменный ток, (3) колеблющийся ток.

Постоянный ток (D. C.) непрерывно течет по проводящей цепи только в одном направлении.

Переменный ток (A. C.) постоянно меняет направление. Начиная с нуля, он увеличивается в одном направлении, достигает максимального значения, снова падает до нуля, после чего увеличивается в противоположном направлении, достигает максимального значения, снова опускаясь до нуля. Таким образом, он постоянно меняется как по величине, так и по направлению.

2) Give the English terms for:

индуктивность, ревер­сировать, магнитное поле, пересекать, полупериод, амперметр, соединять, прибор, поле, полюс.

inductance, to reverse, magnetic field, to cross, half cycle, ammeter, to connect, a device, a field, a pole.

3) Give synonym for the following words:

Installation — establishment, strength — power, to turn on — activate, to decrease – to decline, to cut off – to break.

4) Translate into Russian, noting the predicate in the Passive Voice:

1. Insulation resistance is measured by self-contained instruments.
2. Electric conductors are divided into distinct groups.
3. When the resistances are very great, the comparison Potential at different points may be made by means of one electrometer.
4. A dielectric can be made of insulating material such as glass, mica, oil, paraffin, wax or air.
5. Сопротивление изоляции измеряется автономными приборами.
6. Электрические проводники делятся на определенные группы.
7. Когда сопротивление очень велико, то сравнение потенциалов в разных точках можно проводить с помощью одного электрометра.
8. Диэлектрик может быть изготовлен из изоляционного материала, такого как стекло, слюда, масло, парафин, воск или воздух.

 

5) Write about our country.

Russia is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one-seventh part of dry land. It is situated in Europe and in Asia. It’s total area is over 17 million square kilometers, with population of 200 million people. There are 1,030 towns and cities in our country. Moscow, with 9,5 million people, is it’s capital.

The country is washed by the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Pacific Ocean in the east. There are many rivers in Russia. The largest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Yenisei and the Ob’ in Asia. The deepest lakes are Baikal and Ladoga. The relief of Russia is mostly flat. Russia is located on two plains: the Great Russian Plain and the Western Siberian Plain. There are three main mountain chains in Russia. The Caucasus is a range of mountains which extends from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea.

The highest mountain in Caucasus in Russian Federation and in the whole Europe is Mount Elbrus. The Urals extend from the Arctic Ocean to the steppes. This mountain chain divides the European and Asian parts of Russia. The Urals are famous for their valuable minerals. There are 150 volcanoes in Kamchatka, 30 of which are active. The Russian Federation is very rich in mineral resources, such as oil, natural gas, coal, iron, gold and others. Russia borders with fourteen countries including the former republics of the USSR, which are now independent states. Russia borders with Estonia, Latvia, Finland, Poland, China, Mongolia, Korea, Japan, Kazakhstan and so on.

Today Russia is one of the world’s largest grain producers and exporters. So, today Russia is a great industrial country. Moscow is the capital of Russia. It is one of the biggest and most beautiful cities in the world. Moscow is a modern city. It’s Russian political center, here the government of our country is working. Moscow is called the port of five seas, as the Volga Canal links Moscow with the Baltic, White, Caspian, Black sea and the Sea of Azov. Moscow is also Russian cultural center.

There are a lot of theatres, museums, institutes, libraries and cinemas. Young people like to visit The Central Military Museum. There are many tanks, guns and war documents there. Many people choose to see The Kremlin and the Red Square. There are many fine buildings, wide streets, green parks, large squares, churches and monuments in Moscow. There are a lot of famous monuments to Pushkin, Fedorov, and many, many others. Moscow is a very big city and its transport must be very comfortable and fast. There are a lot of buses, trolley-buses, trams, a lot of metro stations (about 190 stations).

There are 9 main railway stations in Moscow and several airports around the city. The main stadium in Moscow is The Central station in Luzhniki. Many competitions and football matches are held there. The Olympic village was build for the 22 Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980. It’s a big complex for sport games. I’m a patriot of my country and I love it very much.

 

 

 

Вариант № 4

1. Прочтите и переведите текст с английского языка на русский (письменно):

The arrival of the cargo ship Igarka was delayed due to а severe storm in the North Sea. The wind force was about 20 metres per second and as the Captain of the Igarka had reported to the shore station it was difficult for the ship to keep her course.

The ship could make only 2 or 3 miles реr watch as her propeller was seriously damaged. The damage to the propeller had occurred before the storm began, when а floating log struck against the propeller and damaged it.

Captain Gavrilov decided to continue the voyage and tо repair the propeller at the port of destination. The storm was becoming stronger and stronger and the wind reached the hurricane force. The ship had а list to starboard. Due to а considerable pitching and rolling the list was gradually increasing and soon it reached 25 degrees.

The situation was very dangerous, as the ship could capsize. The Master ordered Chief Officer to inspect the holds and to find out what caused the list.

Soon the Chief Officer returned to the navigating bridge and reported:

«The cargo in holds one and two has shifted to starboard, sir.»

«Had you inspected the holds before leaving Glasgow?»

«Yes, but most probably the cargo wasn’t рrореrlу fastened by the British stevedores.»

Suddenly the list increased and they heard the voice of the Second Officer:

«Boatswain Gromov has fallen overboard!»

«Stop engine! Slow astern! Steady! Switch on the searchlight!» the Master commanded.

Soon the ray of light pierced the darkness and the seamen saw the man who was fighting the waves to keep himself on the surface.

“Launch the life-boat. Eight hands in the boat!” ordered the Captain.”

 

Прибытие сухогруза «Игарка» задержалось из-за сильного шторма в Северном море. Сила ветра составляла около 20 метров в секунду, и, как капитан сухогруа «Игарка» доложил на береговую станцию, кораблю было трудно удерживать курс.

Корабль мог пройти всего 2 или 3 мили за вахту, поскольку его гребной винт был серьезно поврежден. Повреждение гребного винта произошло до начала шторма, когда плавающее бревно ударилось о гребной винт и повредило его.

Капитан Гаврилов решил продолжить рейс и отремонтировать гребной винт в порту назначения. Шторм становился все сильнее и сильнее, а ветер достиг ураганной силы. Корабль накренился на правый борт. Из-за значительной качки крен постепенно увеличивался и вскоре достиг 25 градусов.

Ситуация была очень опасной, корабль мог перевернуться. Капитан приказал старшему помощнику осмотреть трюмы и выяснить, что послужило причиной крена.

Вскоре старшина вернулся на ходовой мостик и доложил:

«Груз в трюмах один и два переместился на правый борт, сэр».

«Вы осматривали трюмы перед отъездом из Глазго?»

«Да, но, скорее всего, груз не был заранее закреплен британскими грузчиками».

Внезапно крен увеличился, и они услышали голос второго помощника:

«Боцман Громов упал за борт!»

«Остановите двигатель! Включите свет! — скомандовал капитан.

Вскоре луч света пронзил тьму, и моряки увидели человека, который боролся с волнами, чтобы удержаться на поверхности.

«Спусти спасательную шлюпку. Четыре человека в лодку! » приказал капитан.

 

2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1). Why was the arrival of the “Igarka” delayed? The arrival of the cargo ship Igarka was delayed due to а severe storm in the North Sea.

2). What was damaged? The propeller was seriously damaged.

3). What happened to Boatswain Gromov? Boatswain Gromov has fallen overboard.

4). What did the Captain ordered? He ordered to stop engine, to slow astern and to switch on the searchlight.

 

3. Дайте английские эквиваленты:

сила ветра; держаться по курсу; бортовая и килевая качка; крен достиг … градусов; спустить шлюпки; вызывать повреждения.

wind force; keep the course; rolling and pitching; the list reached … degrees; to lower the boats; to cause damage.

 

4. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в соответствующую форму, переведите предложения на русский язык:

1). We have been to France this year.

2). They had loaded by 5 p/m/ yesterday.

3). He was repairing the pump from 5 to 7 yesterday.

4). The guide said to the tourists saw a lot of places of interest during their stay in St. Petersburg.

5). You should visit the doctor.

 

1). В этом году мы были во Франции.

2). Вчера они загрузили до 5 часов вечера.

3). Вчера он ремонтировал помпу с 5 на 7 часов.

4). Экскурсовод рассказал, что за время пребывания в Санкт-Петербурге туристы увидели много интересных мест.

5). Вам следует сходить к врачу.

 

5. Вставьте предлоги, где необходимо:

1). The Kremlin is surrounded with a high wall two kilometers long.

2). The ice-breaker “Yermak” proceeded the port of destination.

3). The accident occurred in the mooring.

 

6. Вставьте артикли, где необходимо:

1). Our planet is the only home we’ve got.

2). London is one of the largest cities in the world.

3). A Master is responsible for a ship her cargo and a crew.

 

7. Составьте диалог на тему «Квартира».

Julia: Hi, Ella. How are you?

Ella: I’m fine, thank you. And you?

Julia: I’m very well. We’ve just moved to our new flat next to the supermarket. I wanted to invite you over this weekend if you’re free, of course.

 

Ella: Oh, that’s lovely! I’ll definitely visit you. I have no plans for Sunday, only a music class at midday and then I’m free.

Julia: Sounds good. You can come to our place for lunch. My mum is going to cook lasagne.

Ella: What is it?

Julia: It’s a traditional Italian dish which she liked while we were visiting Venice.

Ella: I see. I’d love to try it. Speaking of your new flat, how many bedrooms are there?

Julia: There are three bedroom, one living-room, a kitchen, a bathroom and a hall.

Ella: Do you have a separate room now? I remember at your old place you had to share the room with your younger brother.

Julia: Now I’m lucky to have my own room. My brother has a separate room. He is old enough to stay alone. When he was six, he was afraid of staying alone in the room. That’s why I had to be near him.

Ella: How old is he now?

Julia: He will be eight years old next month.

Ella: I see. Did your pets move with you?

Julia: Of course. The turtle and the hamster live in my bedroom. The fishes live in their tank, which is now in the living-room. The cat is allowed to be everywhere, except the living-room, where the fishes are.

Ella:  Tell me a bit more about your new flat. We might move to another place soon too.

Julia: Well, it’s situated on the second floor right over the supermarket. It’s rather spacious and light. All rooms are cozy and nice. I especially like my own bedroom. My parents decorated it just the way I wanted.

Ella: How about the living-room? Do you often spend time there?

Julia: Not really. Only when we have guests over and during the family dinners.

Ella: Is there a TV there?

Julia: Yes, of course. We have a large-screen TVset there. It is not only for watching the films or cartoons. We aslo sing karaoke, watch DVD and play computer games on it.

Ella: Sounds exciting. I like singing karaoke.

Julia: When you come, we can do it together.