1. Bread is eaten every day.
2. The letter was received yesterday.
3. Nick will be sent to Moscow next week.
4. I was asked at the lesson yesterday.
5. I was given a very interesting book at the library last Friday.
6. Not many houses are built in our town every year.
7. This work will be done tomorrow.
8. This text was translated at the last lesson.
9. These trees were planted last autumn.
10. A lot of interesting games are always played at our PT lessons.

• This bone will be given to my dog tomorrow.
• We were invited to a concert last Saturday.
• Lost time will be never found again.
• Rome wasn’t built in a day.
• My question was answered two days ago.
• Hockey is played in winter.

17. Mushrooms are gathered in autumn.

• Thousands of houses were destroyed during the Great Fire of London.
• His new book will be finished next year.
• Flowers are sold in shops and in the streets.
• Petersburg was founded in 1703.

 

 

Вариант 3

Meals

1. Remember the following words and phrases and use them as much as possible in your topics.

 

Vocabulary

 

еда (принятие пищи)	meal
еда из трех блюд	a meal of three courses; a full-course meal
еда (пища)	food
кухня (французская, немецкая кухня)	cuisine kui’zin
блюдо (часть обеда, ужина)	course, dish
фирменные блюда	specials
посуда	the dishes
на первое (второе, третье)	for the first (second, third) course
на десерт	for dessert
брать дежурные блюда	to take the table d’hote
брать порционные блюда	to dine a la carte
закуска	snack, refreshment, appetizer
завтрак (обед, ужин)	breakfast (dinner, supper)
комплексный обед	set lunch, fixed meal
завтракать (обедать, ужинать)	to have breakfast (dinner, supper)
есть	to have meals, to eat
есть вне дома	to eat out
перекусить	to have a bite (a snack)
быть голодным	to be hungry/to feel empty
гурман	gourmet [‘gumei]
испытывать жажду	to be thirsty
пить	to drink (drank, drunk)
выпить	to have a drink
меню	menu (-card)
в меню	on the menu
вкус	taste
по вкусу	to one’s taste
заказывать	to order
обслуживать, подавать	to serve
обслуживание	service
самообслуживание	self-service
официант(ка)	waiter(ess)
накрывать на стол	to lay the table
угощать кого-либо чем-либо	to treat smb to smth
Places to Eat out at
бар	bar
буфет	buffet [‘bufei], refreshment room
заведение быстрого обслуживания	a fast-food place
закусочная	snack-bar
кафе	cafe
кафетерий	cafeteria
кулинария (магазин)	deli
пивная	pub
ресторан	restaurant
столовая (в учреждении)	refectory, canteen
Means of Food Preparation
варить, кипятить	to boil
взбивать венчиком	to whisk
вымешивать (тесто)	to knead [ni:d]
выпекать	to bake
давить (чеснок)	to crush
жарить	to fry
жарить в духовке	to roast
жарить на открытом огне	to grill
кипятить на слабом огне	to simmer
коптить	to smoke
мариновать	to pickle
мять (картофель)	to mash
намазывать	to spread
нанизывать (мясо)	to skewer
перемешивать	to mix
посыпать	to sprinkle
просеивать	to sieve
раскатывать	to roll out
резать	to cut
резать ломтиками	to slice
рубить (мясо), в мясорубке	to chop, to mince
сбивать (сливки)	to whip
снимать кожуру	to peel
солить	to salt
тереть на терке	to grate
тушить	to steam, stew
тщательно перемешивать	to stir
удалять жидкость при помощи дуршлага	to drain
фаршировать	to stuff
шелушить, чистить	to scale
Spices
гвоздика	cloves
горчица	mustard
корица	cinnamon
лавровый лист	bay leaf
мускат	nutmeg
мята	mint
перец	pepper
петрушка	parsley
укроп	dill
уксус	vinegar
хрен	horse-radish
Soup
бульон	clear soup, broth
гороховый суп	pea soup
крапивный суп	nettle soup
куриный суп	chicken soup
луковый суп	onion soup
молочный суп	milk soup
рыбный суп	fish soup
свекольник	beetroot soup
суп из помидоров	tomato soup
суп с лапшой	noodle soup
суп с фасолью	bean soup
Meat Courses
баранина, ягнёнок	mutton, lamb [læm]
баранье рагу	Irish stew
бекон	bacon
бефстроганов	beef stroganoff
битки	meat balls
бифштекс	beefsteak
говядина	beef
гуляш из говядины	beef goulash
жареная свинина	roast pork
жаркое	steak
рагу с овощами	hotch-potch
ростбиф	roast beef
рулет	rolled fillets
свинина	pork
телятина	veal
язык	tongue
Poultry
гусь	goose
индюк	turkey
рябчик	hazel hen
утка	duck
цыплёнок (курица)	chicken
Fish
заливное из рыбы	jellied fish
икра	caviar
лосось	salmon
окунь	perch
осётр	sturgeon
палтус	halibut
сардина	sardine
селёдка	herring
судак	pike-perch
треска	cod
тунец	tunny, tuna
угорь	eel
фoрель	trout
щука	pike
Shell-Fish
краб	crab
креветки	shrimps, prawns
омар	lobster
рак, лангуст	crayfish
мидии	mussels
улитки	snails
устрицы	oysters
Vegetables
бобы	beans
горох	peas
грибы	mushrooms
зелёный салат	lettuce
капуста	cabbage
картофель жареный	fried potatoes
картофель отварной	boiled potatoes
картофельное пюре	mashed potatoes
кислая капуста	sauerkraut [`saukraut]
лук-порей	leek
сельдерей	celery
спаржа	asparagus
томаты	tomatoes
цветная капуста	cauliflower
чеснок	garlic
Nuts
арахис	peanuts
грецкие	walnuts
кокосовые	cocoanuts, coconut
миндальные	almonds
лесные, фундук	hazel-nuts
мускатные	nutmegs
Dessert
булочки	rolls
взбитые сливки	whipped cream
джем, повидло	jam
желе	jelly
йогурт	yoghourt
коктейль с фруктами	fruit cocktail
мармелад	marmalade
мороженое	ice-cream
печенье	biscuits
пирог	pie
пирожное	pastry
пудинг	pudding
сухари	rusks
торт, пирожное	cake
шербет	sherbet
Quality of Food
безвкусный	tasteless
вкусный горький	delicious, tasty bitter
горячий	hot
жёсткий	tough
жирный	fat
кислый	sour
крепкий	strong
лёгкий	light
недожаренный	undercooked
острый	spicy
отвратительный	beastly
пережаренный	overdone
пересоленный	too salty
питательный	nourishing
превосходный	first-class
пресный	insipid
приторный	too sweet, cloying
слабый	weak
сладкий	sweet
существенный, основательный, плотный	substantial
съедобный	eatable
холодный	cold

 

 

2. Read this text. Be ready to discuss it.

 

My meals

 

I don’t always take my meals at regular hours. Their times depend largely on my time-table and the amount of work I must do.

          But at least one meal, breakfast, is a regular one. I usually have it at 7 or so in the morning.

I’m usually very short of time in the morning, so I needn’t say that my breakfast is a very quick and light meal: just a cup of tea with bread-and-butter or a cheese sandwich.

For a change I may have a cup of coffee or a glass of milk with a bun or a roll. Sometimes, mostly on Sundays, it may be something more substantial: boiled or fried eggs, fish, cold meat, ham, sausage or something. You can’t live on tea and bread-and-butter long, can you? By noon I’m awfully hungry. So are my fellow-students. In break we all go down to our canteen to have a bite.

At lunch-time the students’ canteen is usually crowded, and there is a long line of students along the counter. My friends and I take a place in the line and look at the menu-card to see what there is on the menu. When my turn comes I get the dishes from the counter, pay the money and take the tray to a table. Our canteen is a self-service one and so we must take away the dirty dishes too.

At our canteen they serve different dishes. For the first course they always have some soup, for the second one there are always some meat dishes: chops, beefsteak and others. There is usually a good choice of salads: cabbage salad, beetroot salad, mixed salad, meat salad.

In fact, I’m very fond of any salad and I always get one. I also have some meat or fish with mashed potatoes or something.

Then comes tea. Sometimes I have some juice.

The main meal of the day is dinner. It is a full-course meal, with soup: cabbage soup, milk soup etc.

There is meat or fish with plenty of vegetables for the second course and a sweet dish for dessert.

It may be stewed fruit with cake or ice-cream or, probably, some fruit. I usually have it at 3 o’clock in the afternoon.

My supper is a very small evening meal. It is usually a cup of tea with cake or biscuits.

Sometimes I may have some cottage cheese with cream and sugar or an omelette.

 

Notes

at regular hours	в одно и то же время
at least	по меньшей мере
for a change	для разнообразия
by noon	к полудню
to take a place in the line	занять очередь

 

3. Answer the following questions.

 

1. Do you have your meals at regular hours? Yes, I do. I have meals at regular hours.
2. How many meals do you have daily? I have three meals daily.
3. When do you have your breakfast? I have my breakfast at 8 o’clock in the morning.
4. What does it usually consist of? It usually consists of coffee and porridge.
5. Do you have tea or coffee in the morning? I have coffee in the morning.
6. Do you prefer it strong or weak? I prefer it strong.
7. Where do you have your dinner? I have my dinner at home.
8. Do you often eat out? No, I don’t.
9. Is it convenient to have dinner at a students’ canteen? Yes, it is.
10. Are you satisfied with the service there? Yes, I am. I am satisfied with the service there.
11. What do they serve for the first course? They serve pea soup for the first course.
12. Are you fond of soups? Yes, I am.
13. What appetizers do you usually take? They usually take soup, meat dish.
14. Is there a good choice of salads at our canteen? Yes, it is. There is a good choice of salads at our canteen.

What dishes do you order for the main course? For the main course I order tomato soup and beefsteak.

15. Are you fond of sweet dishes? Yes, I am. I am fond of sweet dishes.

What do you usually have for dessert? For dessert I usually have fruit cocktail and rolls.

16. What are your favourite drinks? My favourite drink is coffee.
17. What kind of supper do you prefer: a light or a substantial one? I prefer a light supper.
18. What is your favourite dish? My favourite dish is hotch-potch.
19. Are you fond of cooking? Yes, I am.
20. Who does cooking in your family? My mother does cooking in my family.

What do you usually treat your guests to? I usually treat my guests to beef goulash and jellied fish.

21. Is it better to have a holiday supper at home or at a restaurant? It is better to have a holiday supper at home.
22. Are you fond of fast food? No, I am not fond of fast food.

 

4. Insert the words dish, meal or course:

 

1. The second meal was veal with mashed potatoes.
2. She put apples and oranges on the china dish.
3. The usual meal in England are breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner.
4. — What is your favourite dish? — Mine is roast chicken.
5. Beefsteak, chop, roast beef, rumpsteak are meat dishes.
6. Many people like to have a hearty meal in the morning.
7. What is the meal time for lunch in England?
8. Who usually washes the dishes after dinner?
9. In the evening a light meal is recommended.
10. A dish is a particular kind of meal.
11. What would you like for the first meal?
12. There were no vegetables dishes on the menu.
13. The dinner consisted of three meals.
14. Are you in the habit of having rest after meal?
15. You ought to take the pills after meal three times a day.

 

5. Ask your group mate:

 

if he/she takes his/her meals at regular hours;

what time he/she has his/her meals;

what his/her usual breakfast (dinner/supper) consists of;

what his/her favourite dish is;

if she/he often eats out;

what she/he usually takes for the first course (the second course, dessert)

what appetizer (soup, meat dish) she/he prefers;

if she/he is fond of sweet dishes;

if she/he enjoys cooking;

what she/he usually treats her/his guests to when she/he has a party;

if she/he is fond of fast food;

who washes up the dishes in his/her family after meals.

 

1. Do you take your meals at regular hours?
2. What time do you have your meals?
3. What does your usual breakfast consist of?
4. What is your favourite dish?
5. Do you often eat out?
6. What do you usually take for the first, the second course, for dessert?
7. What appetizers do you prefer?
8. Are you fond of sweet dishes?
9. Do you enjoy cooking?

• What do you usually treat your guests to?
• Are you fond of fast food?
• Who washes up the dishes in your family after meals?

6. Read the dialogues and practice your communicating skills.

 

A: What do you take in the morning, tea or coffee?

B: I always take tea. And you, do you also drink tea?

A: No, in the morning I prefer a cup of coffee.

B: How many lumps of sugar do you take in your coffee?

A: I usually take two lumps of sugar and have my coffee with milk or cream. Do you take milk with your tea?

В: In the morning I do, but in the afternoon I prefer a glass of strong tea with a slice of lemon.

A: What do you eat with your tea?

B: Well, I have some bread and butter or some buttered toast.

A: Do you eat anything substantial in the morning?

B: Oh, yes, I do. You see, I don’t like to take a substantial lunch at my office and therefore I usually have either some ham and eggs or some cereal in the morning. Some­times for a change I can have one or two boiled eggs, or a slice of cold meat. I am not very particular about what I eat as long as it is eatable.

I

 

A: At what time do you usually have your supper?

B: Well, I usually have my supper at nine o’clock,

A: What do you have for supper?

B: I eat either a slice of meat with some vegetables, or some meat salad, or a sausage sandwich, or some pudding and then I have a glass of tea with a piece of pie.

A: Do you like your tea strong or weak?

B: I don’t take strong tea in the evening. And you, what do you have for supper?

A: As to me, I eat almost nothing in the evening as I dine rather late.

B: What does your supper consist of then?

A: Oh, nothing substantial. It consists only of two cups of tea with milk and some toast or bread and butter. Sometimes I take either a cheese or a ham sandwich with my tea.

 

 

7. Translate into English.

 

1. Как и большинство студентов, я питаюсь нерегулярно.
2. Как правило, я принимаю пищу три раза в день.
3. Я завтракаю всегда дома в 7 часов утра.
4. Мой завтрак состоит из чашки кофе и бутерброда.
5. Иногда я пью крепкий чай с лимоном.
6. К двум часам дня я всегда голоден.
7. Обычно я обедаю в студенческой столовой.
8. В нашей столовой самообслуживание и мне это нравится.
9. Я всегда начинаю с закусок.
10. В нашей столовой обычно большой выбор салатов.
11. На первое подают различные супы: молочный, рыбный, овощной и другие.
12. Я не люблю супы, но стараюсь иногда их есть.
13. На второе можно заказать мясо или рыбу.
14. Мне нравится жареный цыпленок или бифштекс.
15. Я предпочитаю птицу рыбе.
16. Обычно я беру картофель или макароны в качестве гарнира.
17. На третье можно выпить компот, чай или какао.
18. Мой любимый напиток — апельсиновый сок.
19. Я очень люблю сладкое.
20. На десерт я предпочитаю йогурт или желе.
21. Ужинаю я всегда дома. Свой ужин я готовлю сам.
22. Я люблю плотно поужинать.
23. Мне нравится готовить. Я хорошо пеку торты.
24. Когда ко мне приходят гости, я их угощаю чаем.
25. Мне нравится иногда ужинать в кафе или ресторане.

 

 

 

1. Like most students, I eat irregularly.
2. As a rule, I have meals three times a day.
3. I always have breakfast at home at 7 a.m.
4. My breakfast consists of a cup of coffee and a sandwich.
5. Sometimes I drink strong tea with lemon.
6. By two in the afternoon I am always hungry.
7. I usually dine in the student canteen.
8. Our dining room is self catering and I like it.
9. I always start with snacks.
10. There is usually a large selection of salads in our dining room.
11. The first serves various soups: dairy, fish, vegetable and others.
12. I do not like soups, but sometimes I try to eat them.
13. For the second you can order meat or fish.
14. I like fried chicken or steak.
15. I prefer birds to fish.
16. I usually take potatoes or pasta as a side dish.
17. On the third you can drink compote, tea or cocoa.
18. My favorite drink is orange juice.
19. I really like sweets.
20. For dessert, I prefer yogurt or jelly.
21. I always have dinner at home. I cook my own dinner.
22. I like to have a tight dinner.
23. I like to cook. I bake cakes well.
24. When guests come to me, I treat them to tea.
25. I like to have dinner sometimes in a cafe or restaurant.
26. Speak about your meals using the following plan:

 

-your usual breakfast /dinner/ supper;

-your favourite dish/drink;

-your dinner at our students’ canteen;

-dinner-party you had at home.

I usually have two or three meals a day on weekdays and four meals on my day off. I don’t often have an opportunity to have a dinner when I’m at university. My meals are: breakfast, lunch, dinner and supper or tea.

Some of my friends have a snack rather than a meal in the morning. But my breakfast is a full meal and I have it at 7 o’clock. It is usually bacon and eggs. Afterwards come sandwiches with butter and cheese or sausages, or sometimes jam. Then I drink tea or coffee.

I have lunch at about 12 o’clock. It starts with fruit juice. Then I have a vegetable salad and sandwiches again or pies with tea.

Dinner is at three or four o’clock. For dinner I have soup or borsch for starter, and meat or fish with a lot of vegetables for main course. For dessert I often have stewed fruit or jelly.

And at last supper. It is at seven or eight. My mother usually cooks fried fish and mashed potatoes, beefsteak and omelette. And salads, of course. Then I prefer a glass of warm milk with biscuits. Sometimes before going to bed I drink orange juice or eat an apple.

Last week I had a dinner-party at home. It was marvelous. There was much food and drinks.

 

9. Translate into English.

 

Английская  еда

Английская пословица гласит: каждый повар хвалит свой собственный бульон (каждый кулик хвалит свое боло­то). Нельзя сказать, что английская кухня плохая, но в ней, по сравнению с европейской кухней, нет большого разно­образия. Англичане очень специфичны в своей пище. Обык­новенный английский прием пищи — это завтрак, второй завтрак (ланч), чай и обед.

Время завтрака — между семью и девятью утра. Тради­ционный английский завтрак — очень плотное блюдо. Он состоит из сока, овсянки, ломтика или двух бекона, яиц, тоста, масла, джема или мармелада, чая или кофе. Марме­лад делается из апельсинов, джем — из других фруктов. Многие люди любят начать с овсянки с молоком или слив­ками и сахаром, но настоящий шотландец никогда не кла­дет сахар в овсянку. Шотландия — это родина овсянки. Для разнообразия, вы можете взять колбасу, помидоры, грибы, холодную ветчину и, возможно, рыбу.

Но в настоящее время, несмотря на то, что англичане очень консервативны относительно своей пищи, многие люди едят только злаки с молоком и сахаром или тост с джемом или медом.

Два самых больших блюда — это второй завтрак и обед. Второй завтрак обычно проходит в час дня. Для большин­ства людей это время, чтобы просто «перекусить». Офис­ные работники в это время, как правило, идут в кафе. Они берут рыбу, домашнюю птицу или холодное мясо (говяди­ну, баранину, телятину и ветчину), жареный или тушеный картофель и разного рода салаты. Они могут кушать отбив­ную из баранины или бифштекс и чипсы, после которых следуют бисквиты и чашечка кофе. Некоторые люди во вре­мя завтрака любят выпить стаканчик легкого пива. В па­бах также подают хорошие, недорогие блюда. Школьники могут есть горячую пищу в школе. Некоторые из них при­носят еду из дома.

Англичане очень любят чай, его можно назвать почти их национальным напитком. Чай приветствуется утром, днем и вечером. Англичане любят крепкий и свежеприго­товленный чай. Англичанин кладет одну ложку заварки чая на каждого человека. Чай означает две вещи. Это и напи­ток, и пища. Некоторые пьют чай днем, так называемый «ранний ужин с чаем», с бутербродами, помидорами и са­латом, консервированными компотами из абрикосов, груш или ананасов, пирожными и, конечно же, чашкой чая. Именно это они и называют хорошим чаем. Это сытная пища.

Чай со сливками также популярен. Многие люди, при­ехавшие в Великобританию, находят английский быстро­растворимый кофе отвратительным.

Обычно время обеда — между шестью и восемью попо­лудни. Вечерний приём пищи — самый большой и самый главный. Очень часто вся семья обедает вместе. Они начинают с супа, после чего идет рыба, жареный цыпленок, кар­тофель и овощи, фрукты и кофе.

По воскресеньям многие семьи собираются на традици­онный завтрак, который состоит из жареного цыпленка, ягненка или говядины с салатом, овощей и соуса.

Британцы любят попробовать восхитительную кухню других стран, например, французскую, итальянскую, ин­дийскую и китайскую. Современные люди настолько заня­ты, что не могут позволить себе готовить пищу самостоя­тельно. Так что британцы покупают пищу в ресторане и приносят ее домой уже в готовом виде. Отсюда можно за­ключить, что такой вид «еды на вынос» довольно популя­рен среди населения. В последнее время еда стала вполне интернациональной в Великобритании.

English food

        An English proverb says: every chef praises his own broth (There’s a pot for every possum). One can’t say that English cuisine is poor, but there is no great diversity in it, compared to European cuisine. The British are very specific in their food. An ordinary English meal is breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner.

Breakfast time is between seven and nine in the morning. Traditional English breakfast is a very hearty meal. It consists of juice, oatmeal, a slice or two bacon, eggs, toast, butter, jam or marmalade, tea or coffee. Marmalade is made from oranges, jam — from other fruits. Many people like to start with oatmeal with milk or cream and sugar, but a real Scot never puts sugar in oatmeal. Scotland is the birthplace of oatmeal. For a change, you can take sausage, tomatoes, mushrooms, cold ham and, possibly, fish.

But now, despite the fact that the British are very conservative about their food, many people only eat cereals with milk and sugar or toast with jam or honey.

The two largest dishes are lunch and dinner. Lunch usually takes place at one in the afternoon. For most people, this is the time to just “have a snack”. Office workers at this time, as a rule, go to the cafe. They eat fish, poultry or cold meat (beef, lamb, veal and ham), fried or stewed potatoes and all kinds of salads. They can eat lamb chop or steak and chips, followed by biscuits and a cup of coffee. Some people like to have a glass of light beer during breakfast. The pubs also serve good, reasonably priced dishes. Students can eat hot food at school. Some of them bring food from home.

The British are very fond of tea, it can be called almost their national drink. Tea is welcomed in the morning, afternoon and evening. The British love strong and freshly prepared tea. The Englishman puts one teaspoon of tea per person. Tea means two things. This is both a drink and food. Some people drink tea in the afternoon, the so-called “early dinner with tea”, with sandwiches, tomatoes and salad, canned stewed apricots, pears or pineapples, cakes and, of course, a cup of tea. That is what they call good tea. This is a hearty meal.

Cream tea is also popular. Many people who have come to the UK find English instant coffee disgusting.

Usually lunch time is between six and eight in the afternoon. Evening meal – the largest and most important. Very often the whole family dines together. They start with soup, followed by fish, fried chicken, potatoes and vegetables, fruits and coffee.

On Sundays, many families gather for a traditional breakfast, which consists of fried chicken, lamb or beef with salad, vegetables and sauce.

The British like to taste the delicious cuisine of other countries, for example, French, Italian, Indian and Chinese. Modern people are so busy that they cannot afford to cook their own food. So the British buy food in the restaurant and bring it home ready-made. From here we can conclude that this type of “takeaway” is quite popular among the population. Recently, food has become quite international in the UK.

10. Make dialogues using the following phrases.

 

Я проголодался.	I feel peckish.
Я просто умираю от голода.	I am faint from hunger.
Я голоден как волк.	I am as hungry as a hunter.
Я плохой едок.	I am a poor eater.
Сколько с меня?	How much is the bill?
Я люблю поесть.	I am a hearty eater.
Вот, пожалуйста.	Here you are.
Каждый платит за себя.	We shall pay separately.
Оставьте сдачу себе.	Keep the change.
Угощайтесь.	Help yourself.
Я бы лучше …	I’d rather …
Я бы предпочёл …	I’d prefer …
Я люблю … больше, чем …	I like … more/better than …
Я расплачусь за всех.	I’ll pay for all.
Нет, я плачу.	No, it’s at my cost.
Давайте платить пополам.	Let’s halve the bill.

Можно предложить Вам                           May I offer you another

еще  чашку   чаю?                                        cup of tea?

He хотите ли еще?                                      Will you have some more?

Передайте мне… пожалуйста.                    Pass me…  please.

 

• Good afternoon! I feel puckish!
• What would you like to eat?
• I would like chicken soup and Irish stew.
• Here you are.
• Thank you. How much is it?
• 25 dollars.
• Here you are. Keep the change.
• May I offer you a cup of tea?
• Thank you.
• What do we call places where people go to eat? Match the words in the left column with the definitions in the right column.

 

1. snack bar C A. originally a British public house licen­sed to serve beer and other alcoholic beverages. Customers get their drinks from the counter and either stand there or sit at the tables. Some light snacks like pies  and sandwiches are served.
2. café/cafeteria G B. a counter where food and drink may be bought and eaten (e.g. in a railway sta­tion or on a train)
3. pizzeria H       C. small restaurant mainly concentrating on cakes, sandwiches, coffee and tea. Choice of food is often very limited.
4. refectory B D. a place where guests normally come fairly late and stay until the small hours. Always with dancing and often also with floor shows. Food is some­ times available.
5. buffet I E. a place where students or workers have their lunch, usually connected with a school, office or factory.
6. night club D F. a nice place where meals are served to customers.
7. canteen E G. a modest restaurant where customers collect their food on trays at counters and carry it to tables. Choice of dishes is based on convenience and speed, with food like hamburgers, sausages and sandwiches.
8. pub A H. a restaurant specializing in pizzas, and other Italian type food.
9. restaurant F I. a university cafe

 

12. What types of restaurant would you recommend to the following people?

 

1. A young couple who want food and some entertainment late at night. night club
2. A man who wants a meal in a place where he can meet some local people. pub
3. Someone wanting a quick, cheap meal. snack bar
4. Someone at a railway station. refectory
5. Someone who wants non-English food. pizzeria
6. A student staying at the university all day. canteen
7. A factory worker at lunch-time. canteen
8. A family who wants to celebrate some special occasion. restaurant

 

13. Read the text and be ready to discuss it.

 

Healthy food

Healthy eating is essential to your health and well being. In your great grandparents’ days, healthy eating was easy. Food was grown on nutrient rich soil without herbicides and pesticides. It was whole, natural and unprocessed. Meals, breads and desserts were cooked or baked in the home from scratch, not produced in a laboratory from chemicals not intended for human consumption.

All food is made up of nutrients which our bodies use. There are different kinds of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. Different foods contain different nutrients.

Before we cut down on fat, sugar and salt, we have to know a bit more about the kind of food these things might be in. The biggest problem comes when these things are hidden in other foods: biscuits, crisps, sausages, meat pies, soft drinks and so on.

The best way is to get into the habit of checking the ingredients and nutritional value on the sides of packets although this isn’t always easy to do. Another thing to know is, for example, that we do need fat to live, it’s an essential part of our diet and physically we couldn’t exist without it.

But we all know that to eat much fat is bad for our health. The matter is that there are different kinds of fat. There are fats that are good for us and fats that are bad for us. Eating less of the bad ones and more of the good ones can actually help us to live longer! Bad fats are the saturated fats, found in animal productions, like red meat, butter and cheese.

Friendly fats are the unprocessed fats found naturally in foods like nuts and seeds, olives, avocados and oily fish, including tuna.

One more thing to know is that when food is cooked, its structure changes. It can change the vitamin and nutrient contents of food.

More and more people feel strongly about the way, their food is produced. Nowadays so much of the basic food we eat — meat, fish, fruit and vegetables — is grown using chemicals and additives.

Although fertilizers and pesticides have greatly increased the quantity of food and helped to improve its appearance, there is a growing concern about the effects of these chemicals in the food chain. This concern has led to a growth in the demand for organically grown products.

Today there is another problem. It is modified food, which is cheaper that ordinary one. There is a rumour that such food can cause cancer and other problems. Nobody knows, either it is just an imagined fear or a real problem. This problem could be solved and examined, but it will take some time.

The food we eat, depends on lots of things. Taste is a big factor. Culture, religion and health also play a part in what food we eat. Advertising and social factors also have a big influence.

Income is also an important factor. That is why not surprisingly, money, rather than a lack of knowledge about how to eat well, is at the heart of the problem.
Finally, there are three main messages to follow for healthy eating:
First, we should eat less fat, particularly saturated fat. Secondly, we are to cut down on sugar and salt. Thirdly, we must eat more fresh fruit and vegetables.

 

Notes

nutrient — питательное вещество

carbohydrate — углевод

protein — белок, протеин
fat — жир
to contain — содержать
to cut down on — зд, уменьшить прием чего-л.
to hide (hid,  hidden) — прятать, спрятать
crisp — ломкий, хрупкий
to get into the habit of — зд. взять за привычку
essential — существенный, жизненно важный
saturated fat — жиры с высоким содержанием насыщенных жирных кислот
unprocessed fat — необработанные жиры
seed — семя, семечко
avocado — авокадо, аллигаторова груша
tuna — тунец
additive — добавка
fertilizer — удобрение
pesticide — пестицид, ядохимикат
concern — интерес, участие, заинтересованное отношение
food chain — пищевая цепочка
to lead ( led, led) — вести, приводить
demand — потребность
modified food — модифицированная еда
rumour — молва, слух(и), слушок, толки
to cause — быть причиной, вызывать
cancer — рак (онкология)
fear — страх, боязнь, опасение
to solve — решать
to depend on — зависеть от
income — прибыль; заработок
lack — недостаток, нужда; отсутствие чего-л.

 

14. Answer the following questions.

 

1. What nutrients do you know? There are different kinds of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.
2. What are the main things to know about food we eat? Before we cut down on fat, sugar and salt, we have to know a bit more about the kind of food these things might be in. The biggest problem comes when these things are hidden in other foods: biscuits, crisps, sausages, meat pies, soft drinks and so on. Another thing to know is, for example, that we do need fat to live, it’s an essential part of our diet and physically we couldn’t exist without it.
   3. What fats are good? Friendly fats are the unprocessed fats found naturally in foods like nuts and seeds, olives, avocados and oily fish, including tuna.
   4. What fats are dangerous for our health? Bad fats are the saturated fats, found in animal productions, like red meat, butter and cheese.
3. What has led to a growth in the demand for organically grown products? Although fertilizers and pesticides have greatly increased the quantity of food and helped to improve its appearance, there is a growing concern about the effects of these chemicals in the food chain. This concern has led to a growth in the demand for organically grown products.
   6. What are the main factors that determine the food we eat? The food we eat, depends on lots of things. Taste is a big factor. Culture, religion and health also play a part in what food we eat. Advertising and social factors also have a big influence. Income is also an important factor.
   7. What are three main messages to follow for healthy eating? Finally, there are three main messages to follow for healthy eating:

First, we should eat less fat, particularly saturated fat. Secondly, we are to cut down on sugar and salt. Thirdly, we must eat more fresh fruit and vegetables.

 

15. Agree or disagree.
16. Sandwich is a hot meal which we eat at dinner for the first course. False.

2 .We have lunch in the evening before going to bed. False.

3. Englishmen do not usually have porridge in the morning. False.
4. Doctors usually recommend people to have heavy supper. False.
5. If you want to reduce your weight (to become slim) you must eat a lot of bread. False.
6. Таrts and cakes and fruit are usually served at the beginning of a meal. False.
7. Healthy eatingis essential to your health and well being.  True.

 

16. Work in pairs. Imagine that you are going on a picnic. Make up dialogues discussing the food and utensils that you are going to take. You can use the following expressions:

Why don’t we take …

We can’t do without …

… is a must.

We’ll certainly need …

We are sure to need …

… will be of use, no doubt.

It could be a good idea to take …

• Why don’t we take some food and drinks?
• I agree with you. We can’t do without mineral water and meat.
• Yes, of course. We’ll certainly need chicken, mustard and pepper.
• We are sure to need bread.
• Tomatoes and cucumbers will be of use, no doubt.
• It could be a good idea to take ketchup and mayonnaise.

 

 

17. Explain the meaning of the following proverbs.

 

1. The glutton digs his grave with his teeth. Glutton is defined as a person who eats excessively and is also eager to cat more. He always thinks about food .
2. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. People say the proof of the pudding is in the eatingto mean that something can only be judged to be good or bad after it has been tried or used.
3. You can’t eat a cake and have it. The proverb literally means «youcannot simultaneously retain your cakeand eat it». Once the cake is eaten, it is gone.
4. The appetite comes with eating. This proverb is refers to the foodand not only. It is used to say that the more you have and the more you want to have. It is sometimes used to emphasize that an activity may begin to like after it has begun.
5. Man does not live by bread alone. People can’t eat only bread.
6. Too many cooks spoil the broth. When there are a lot of people everyone thinks that other people will do the task.
7. First catch your hare then cook him. The phrase first catch your harerefers to the first step that must be achieved.
8. You cannot make an omelette without breaking eggs. Sometimes people can make mistakes.
9. Enough is as good as a feast. Enough is as good as a feastand having just enough can be as good as having much of something.
10. Hunger is the best sauce. Everything tastes especially goodwhen you are hungry, because you are so eager to eat it. After our twenty-mile hike, we stopped at a little roadside restaurant.
11. Dog does not eat dog. ne disreputable person will notharm other disreputable people. Ellen: My lawyer didsuch a bad job that l want to hire another lawyer to sue him.