1. A proverb is
A) a saying expressing some well-known truth
B) a familiar quotation
C) a free word-group
D) a verb-adverb combination
E) a traditional compound

2. Complete the following idiom as sly as
A) a fox
B) a cat
C) a cock
D) a mouse
E) an owl

3. Hybrids are
A) words made up of affixes from two or more different languages
B) idiomatic compounds
C) removal of all functional and derivational elements
D) words which are made after existing patterns
E) the smallest meaningful units

4. Lass, Kirk are examples of
A) vulgarism
B) slang
C) common colloquial words
D) dialectical words
E) jargonism

5. Structural morphemes fall into
A) free, semi-free, bound, semi-bound, morphemes
B) root morphemes
C) stem morphemes
D) prefixational morphemes
E) suffixational morphemes

6. Friend is a
A) free morpheme
B) bound morpheme
C) semi-free morpheme
D) semi-bound morpheme
E) morphol

7. Sound imitation is
A) onomatopeia
B) the derivation of new words by subtraction of real or supposed affix from existing words
C) opposition of words or word-forms
D) lexical abbreviations
E) reduction of a word to one of its parts

8. What is the denotational meaning
A) the component of the lexical meaning which makes communication possible
B) the component of meaning that considers emotive charge and stylistic reference of words
C) the component of meaning that distinguishes one word from all others containing identical morphemes
D) the component of meaning recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of different words
E) the connotational meaning

9. Euphemism is
A) the substitution of unpleasant words by mild ones
B) a taboo
C) an irony
D) an ellipsis
E) litotes

10. Metaphor is a transfer of name based on
A) the association of similarity
B) contiguity of meaning
C) pejoration of meaning
D) amelioration of meaning
E) extention of meaning

$$12$$

1. Jargonisms are
A) words used within a particular social group and bearing a secret and cryptic character
B) common colloquial words
C) professionalisms
D) vulgarisms
E) barbarisms

2. Words jersey, pullover are
A) international words
B) slang words
C) neologisms
D) obsolete words
E) terms

3. Which of the following statements is the distinctive feature of proverbs
A) proverbs function as independent units of communication
B) proverbs are neither parts of statement, nor do they stand for the whole statement
C) proverbs are completely non-motivated
D) proverbs function as word-equivalents
E) proverbs function as word-groups

4. Which of these proverbs expresses best the idea of the following situation “Very soon after his father’s death Mike’s mother died and he became an orphan.”. The words “pipe of peace”, “pale face” were borrowed from
A) Indian language
B) Latin language
C) Greek language
D) French language
E) Japanese language

5. The words pyjamas, khaki, mango, bungalow which became international come from
A) India
B) New Zealand
C) Australia
D) Canada
E) the USA

6. What is polyglot?
A) multilingual dictionary
B) glossary
C) specialized dictionary
D) encyclopedia
E) bilingual dictionary

7. The root of the word is
A) the basic part of a word which affixes are added
B) the basic unit of a language
C) a derivational affix
D) a grammatical paradigm
E) a derived stem

8. Affixation, word-composition and conversion are
A) principle and productive ways of forming new words
B) non-productive ways of word-formation
C) minor types of word-building
D) morphosyntactically conditioned combinability of words
E) word-building patterns

9. Which of the following parts of words has the verb derived from the noun
A) a monkey – to monkey
B) a peel – to peel
C) a help – to help
D) a tramp – to tramp
E) a jump – to jump

10. Which of the following is a minor way of word-formation
A) back-formation
B) word-composition
C) conversion
D) affixation
E) word-derivation

$$13$$

1. What is the connotational meaning
A) the component of meaning that considers emotive charge and stylistic reference of words
B) the component of meaning that distinguishes one word from all others containing identical morphemes
C) the component of meaning recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of different words
D) the component of meaning recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of different words
E) the denotational meaning

2. Absolute (or complete) synonyms are
A) words coinciding in all their shades of meaning and in all their stylistic characteristics
B) words conveying the same notion but differing in shades of meaning
C) words which differ in connotations
D) words conveying the same notion but differing in shades of meaning
E) words identical in their sound-form or in graphic form or in both, but different in meaning

3. The White House, boston, volt, mackintosh are cases of
A) a metonymy
B) a metaphor
C) a euphemism
D) an irony
E) litotes

4. Which of the following words are homophones
A) night (n) – knight (n)
B) tear (n) – tear (v)
C) lead (n) – lead (v)
D) wind (n) – wind (v)
E) new (adj) – old (adj)

5. What common element do the words cities, tables, relations have
A) the grammatical meaning of plurality
B) the lexical meaning
C) the stylistic coloring
D) the denotational meaning
E) the connotational meaning

6. “I have told you 10 times” is an example of a
A) hyperbole
B) metonymy
C) metaphor
D) euphemism
E) litotes

7. The selection of lexical units, arrangement and setting of the entries is one of the main problem in
A) lexicography
B) lexicology
C) phonetics
D) phraseology
E) grammar

8. Which of the following sentences has an idiom
A) “why can’t the mayor just cut all the red tape and let us have a parade without a permit?”
B) there are two possible explanations about the origin of this famous phrase
C) some idioms originated as colloquialisms or slang
D) some idioms were well-known proverbs and short sayings that express practical, basic truth
E) it’s time to go to bed

9. Which of the following words are of French origin
A) beau, commence, chauffeur
B) empty, ask, belly
C) afternoon, and, ask
D) hyena, home, husband
E) hippopotamus, guerilla, caftan

10. Which of the following words are native English
A) summer, hope, life
B) vacuum, exist, act
C) machine, parachute, valley
D) xylophone, epoch, chemist
E) confetti, macaroni, life

$$14$$

1. A stem is
A) an unchanged part
B) a functional affix
C) a derivational affix
D) a prefix
E) a suffix

2. Suffix -er is
A) productive and active
B) non-productive and active
C) active
D) productive
E) productive and non-active

3. Conversion is a word-building process in which words are built
A) by means of changing the paradigm
B) by joining two or more stems together
C) by adding word-building affixes to stems
D) by combining parts of two words
E) by shortening a written word or phrase

4. Sound imitation, reduplication, clipping, abbreviation are
A) minor types of word making
B) productive ways of word-building
C) principal ways of word-building
D) ways of making up phraseological units
E) ways of changing syntactic pattern and paradigm of words

5. Compound words contain
A) not less than two morphemes
B) one free morpheme
C) not less than two morphemes of which at least one is bound
D) not less than two free morphemes and one bound morpheme
E) a group of words

6. Dictionaries of abbreviations, antonyms, borrowings, new words are
A) special dictionaries
B) general dictionaries
C) glossaries
D) rhyming and thesaurus type of dictionaries
E) etymological dictionaries

7. Which of the following words is the case of an initial clipping
A) story, phone, cello
B) T-shirt, H-bone, V-day
C) flu, fridge, tech
D) babble, chatter, giggle
E) beg, housekeep, butler

8. -age, -an, -ary are
A) noun-forming suffixes
B) verb—forming suffixes
C) adjective-forming suffixes
D) adverb-forming suffixes
E) numeral-forming suffixes

9. Sources of synonyms are
A) all the above mentioned cases
B) native and borrowed words
C) shortening
D) conversion
E) euphemisms

10. The main types of dictionaries are
A) general and special
B) general and etymological
C) special and multilingual
D) usage and slang dictionaries
E) general and ideographic

$$15$$

1. The following words hell, damn, shut up are
A) vulgarisms
B) terms
C) dialectical words
D) slang
E) synonyms

2. An idiom is
A) an expression or phrase the meaning of which is different from the literal meanings of its components
B) a free word-group
C) a proverb
D) a familiar quotation
E) a saying

3. Which of the following antonyms are derivational
A) careful – careless
B) slow – fast
C) correct – incorrect – wrong
D) temporary- permanent
E) enemy – friend

4. Check for the line where all the words have American spelling
A) humor, theater, program, thru
B) traveling, centre, color, offence
C) jewellery, woolen, favour meter
D) armour, although, fibre, monologue
E) telegramme, center, picturesque, favour

5. Word composition is a word-building process in which words are built
A) by joining two or more stems
B) by adding derivational affixes to stems
C) by means of changing the paradigm
D) by combining parts of two words
E) by clipping the beginning or the end of the word

6. Which of the following words are blendings
A) smog, brunch, clap
B) beggar, to burgle, to edit
C) hanky, nighty, radar
D) M.P., USA, BBC
E) ping-pong, topsy-turvy, walkie-talkie

7. According to which word-formation way the Americanisms electronic, automaniac, Gerrymander were created
A) blending or telescoping
B) shortening
C) reduplication
D) compounding
E) back-formation

8. The word story is an example of
A) initial clipping
B) final clipping
C) medial clipping
D) reduplication
E) sound interchange

9. What is polysemy
A) the existence within one word of several connected meanings
B) the ability of words to coincide in their sound forms
C) the existence of contrastive meanings within a word
D) the existence of only one meaning within words
E) words with opposite meanings

10. Homographs are
A) words identical in spelling, but different both in their sound-form and meaning
B) words identical in sound-form, but different both in spelling and in meaning
C) words identical in sound-form, but different in meaning
D) words identical in meaning, but different in spelling
E) words identical in spelling and sound-form meaning, but different in meaning

$$16$$

1. Who proposed the periods in the History of English Language?
a) Henry Sweet
b) Karl Verner
c) Jacob Grimm
d) William Shakespeare
e) Vinagradov

2. How many regions did Henry Sweet give?
a) 3
b) 6
c) 7
d) 2
e) 4

3. Old English period is ……
a) the period of full endings
b) the period of leveled or reduced endings
c) the period of lost endings
d) the period of coming barbarians
e) the period of doing examples

4. Middle English period is ……
a) the period of leveled or reduced endings
b) the period of full endings
c) the period of lost endings
d) the period of coming barbarians
e) the period of doing stones

5. Modern English period is ……
a) the period of lost endings
b) the period of full endings
c) the period of leveled or reduced endings
d) the period of coming barbarians
e) the period of doing stones

6. What kind of another division is there?
a) extralinguistic
b) linguistic
c) grammatical
d) phonetic
e) morphological

7. According to the extralinguistic division Old English begins:
a) 700 AD
b) 1100
c) 1500
d) 2000
e) 1970

8. According to the extralinguistic division Middle English period begins:
a) 1100
b) 700 AD
c) 1500
d) 2000
e) 1970

9. According to the extralinguistic division Modern English period begins:
a) 1500
b) 700 AD
c) 1100
d) 2000
e) 1970

10. According to the extralinguistic division Old English period begins and lasts:
a) 700 AD – 1100
b) 1100 – 1500
c) 1500 – present time
d) 2001 – 2030
e) 1970 – 1919

$$17$$

1. According to the extralinguistic division Middle English period begins and lasts:
a) 1100 – 1500
b) 700 AD – 1100
c) 1500 – present time
d) 2001 – 2030
e) 1917 – 1919

2. According to the extralinguistic division Modern English period begins and lasts:
a) 1500 – present time
b) 1100 – 700 AD
c) 1100 – 1500
d) 2001 – 2030
e) 1917 – 1919

3. Modern English Language belongs to:
a) Western group of the Indo-European family
b) East group of the Indo-European family
c) North group of the Indo-European family
d) South group of the Indo-European family
e) South — West group of the Indo-European family

4. According to the Old Written documents Old German languages are divided into:
a) 3
b) 6
c) 7
d) 10
e) 20

5. According to the Old Written documents Old German languages are divided into:
a) East German; North German; West German
b) North German; South German
c) East German
d) West German; South German
e) North German; East German

6. Gothic Language belongs to:
a) East German group
b) West German group
c) North German group
d) South German group
e) Middle German group

7. Old English language belongs to:
a) western group
b) eastern group
c) northern group
d) southern group
e) west – east group

8. Who conquered all the country around the Mediterranean Sea?
a) Romans
b) Scots
c) Iberians
d) Picts
e) Celts

9. Who was the head of the Roman Army?
a) Julius Ceasar
b) Henry Sweet
c) Karl Verner
d) William Shakespeare
e) Jacob Grimm

10. First invasion of Roman Army was in:
a) 55 BC
b) 54 BC
c) 43 AD
d) 700 AD
e) 60 AD

$$18$$

1. Second invasion of Roman Army was in ……
a) 54 BC
b) 55 BC
c) 43 AD
d) 700 AD
e) 60 AD

2. Third invasion of Roman Army was in ……
a) 43 AD
b) 55 BC
c) 54 BC
d) 700 AD
e) 60 AD

3. Who came to conquer Britain after Romans?
a) Jutes and Saxons
b) Celts
c) Picts
d) Scots
e) Romans

4. How many Kingdoms were formed on the territory of Britain by the end of the 6th and the beginning of the 7th centuries?
a) 7
b) 10
c) 20
d) 3
e) 5

5. When was the beginning of the feudal relations?
a) in the 8th – 9th centuries
b) 6th – 7th centuries
c) 5th centuries
d) 1st – 3rd centuries
e) 4th centuries

6. What was it which influenced the new feudal relations?
a) Christian church
b) invasions
c) kingdoms
d) books
e) discoveries

7. When did Roman Pope send his monks?
a) in 597
b) in 1822
c) in 449
d) in 405
e) in 335

8. How many monks did Roman Pope send to Britain?
a) 40
b) 100
c) 300
d) 500
e) 2

9. The monks learned Anglo – Saxons to read and write in ……
a) Latin
b) Gothic
c) German
d) French
e) Flemish

10. During the 9th – 10th centuries Western Europe was troubled by a new wave of barbarian attacks. They came from ……
a) the North
b) the South
c) the East
d) the West
e) South – East

$$19$$

1. In different countries the Northmen were known as ……
a) Vikings, the Danes
b) Scots
c) Picts
d) Celts
e) Britons

2. How many dialects were on the territory of Great Britain in the 6th century?
a) 7
b) 10
c) 13
d) 3
e) 5

3. There existed such kind of dialects……
a) Northumbrian; Kentish; Mercian; East-Anglian;Wessex; Sussex.
b) Wessex; Sussex.
c) East-Anglian; Northumbrian; Mercian.
d) Kentish and Sussex
e) only Sussex

4. In the 8th century the country had already …… main dialects.
a) 4
b) 7
c) 10
d) 12
e) 3

5. How many alphabets were used in OE?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 10
d) 1
e) 7

6. What is the Ruthwell Cross?
a) a religions poem
b) play
c) letter
d) copy-book
e) plate

7. What is the Runic Casket?
a) Runic document
b) play
c) poem
d) letter
e) copy-book

8. Alfred the Great was born in ……
a) 849
b) 2030
c) 597
d) 405
e) 337

9. The first consonant shift was given by the great German linguist ……
a) Jacob Ludwig Grimm
b) Karl Verner
c) Vinagradov
d) Hilton
e) Byron

10. The first consonant shift was given by the great German linguist Jacob Grimm in ……
a) 1822
b) 597
c) 1917
d) 2001
e) 1919

$$20$$

1. To what languages does the English language belong?
a) Germanic
b) Scandinavian
c) Latin
d) French
e) Danish

2. What are three subgroups of Common Germanic language?
a) East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic
b) East Germanic, South Germanic, West Germanic
c) North Germanic, South Germanic, West Germanic
d) East Germanic, North Germanic, South Germanic
e) Angles, Saxons, Jutes

3. A country, consisting of seven smaller autonomous regions is a ….
a) heptarchy
b) hegemony
c) federation
d) kingdom
e) country

4. Who is the author of “The Canterbury Tales”?
a) J. Chaucer
b) J. Grimm
c) Tacitus
d) W. Caxton
e) H. Sweet

5. What was the strongest kingdom at the end of the 9th century?
a) Wessex
b) Kent
c) Mercia
d) East Anglia
e) Northhumbria

6. How many tenses were in old Germanic languages?
a) 2
b) 6
c) 7
d) 3
e) 4

7. What kind of tenses were in German languages?
a) Present and Past
b) Past
c) Present
d) Future
e) Present Perfect

8. How many aspects of the old Germanic languages do you know?
a) 3
b) 7
c) 10
d) 2
e) 1

9. What kind of aspects were in old Germanic verb?
a) continuous, momentaneous, resultative
b) continuous, resultative
c) resultative only
d) continuous only
e) momentaneous only

10. Old Germanic strong verbs nowadays
a) irregular verbs
b) regular verbs
c) modal verbs
d) link verbs
e) auxiliary verbs

$$21$$

1. Old Germanic Preterite – Present verbs nowadays
a) modal verbs
b) irregular verbs
c) regular verbs
d) link verbs
e) auxiliary verbs

2. Old English vowels include ……
a) diphthongs
b) consonant
c) short syllable
d) long syllable
e) vowels

3. Old English diphthongs can be ……
a) short and long
b) beautiful and ugly
c) comfortable
d) nice
e) irregular

4. Old English consonant system consists of ……
a) labial, dental, velar sounds
b) dental sounds only
c) velar sounds only
d) labial sounds only
e) labia-dental sounds

5. How many different classes of verbs were in old English?
a) 10
b) 5
c) 12
d) 2
e) 4

6. What is mutation or umlaut?
a) It is a change of vowel caused by partial assimilation to the following vowel.
b) It is diphthongization of short vowels.
c) It is the letter change z>r.
d) It is the result of consonant shift.
e) It is the position of stress.

7. What is Back or Velar Mutation?
a) The essence of back mutation is the articulation of the back vowel is anticipated in the preceding front vowel, which according develops into a diphthong.
b) The result of consonant shift
c) The letter change z>r
d) The position of stress
e) It is a change of vowel

8. What is the voicing of fricatives?
a) When the voiceless fricative surrounded by voiced sound becomes voiced.
b) When the voiced fricative surrounded by voiceless sound becomes voiceless.
c) It is the result of the consonant shift.
d) It is the letter change z>r.
e) It is the diphthongization of short vowels

9. What is the invoicing of fricatives?
a) When the voiced fricative surrounded by voiceless sounds becomes voiceless
b) When the voiceless fricative surrounded by voiced sound becomes voiced.
c) It is the result of the consonant shift.
d) It is the letter change.
e) It is the diphthongization of short vowels

10. Stress in old English mostly falls on the ……
a) first syllable
b) second
c) third
d) final
e) tenth syllable

$$22$$

1. Old English substantives have such kind of grammatical categories as ……
a) A) gender, case, number
b) B) number only
c) C) case only
d) D) gender and number
e) E) case and number

2. In the neuter substantives the ending depends on …… factors
a) 2
b) 3
c) 10
d) 1
e) 20

3. Old English substantives have a number
a) singular and plural
b) singular only
c) plural only
d) nominative case
e) gender

4. Old English substantives have a gender
a) masculine, feminine, neuter
b) neuter only
c) masculine only
d) feminine only
e) neuter and feminine

5. Old English substantives have …… cases.
a) 4
b) 2
c) 7
d) 6
e) 10

6. Old English substantives have …… numbers.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 7
d) 6
e) 5

7. Old English nominative case in Russian is
a) A) именительный падеж
b) B) родительный падеж
c) C) дательный падеж
d) D) винительный падеж
e) E) творительный падеж

8. Old English genitive case in Russian is ……
a) A) родительный падеж
b) B) дательный падеж
c) C) творительный падеж
d) D) винительный падеж
e) E) именительный падеж

9. Old English dative case in Russian is ……
a) A) дательный падеж
b) B) винительный падеж
c) C) творительный падеж
d) D) именительный падеж
e) E) родительный падеж

10. Old English accusative case in Russian is ……
a) A) винительный падеж
b) B) именительный падеж
c) C) творительный падеж
d) D) родительный падеж
e) E) дательный падеж

$$23$$

1. What are Germanic tribes conquered the Scots and Celts?
a) the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes
b) the Norse-men
c) the Vikings, the Angles
d) the Romans, the Picts
e) the Angles, the Jutes

2. Old English Romans had ……
a) two numbers, 4 cases; persons and gender
b) 4 cases only
c) two numbers only
d) persons and gender
e) persons only

3. Old English adjectives had ……
a) numbers, cases, genders
b) gender only
c) cases only
d) numbers only
e) cases and genders

4. Old English adjectives have ……
a) strong and weak declensions
b) strong declension only
c) comfortable declension
d) fine declension
e) ugly declension

5. Old English verbs had ……
a) numbers, moods, tenses, persons
b) persons, cases, tenses
c) numbers, moods, tenses
d) tenses and moods
e) moods only

6. Old English had …… tenses.
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
e) 6

7. Old English had …… moods
a) 3
b) 2
c) 4
d) 10
e) 20

8. Old English verbs had two tenses.
a) Present and Past
b) Past only
c) Present only
d) Future
e) Present Continuous

9. Old English verbs had moods.
a) indicative, subjunctive and imperative
b) imperative only
c) indicative only
d) subjunctive only
e) indicative and subjunctive

10. What kind of verbs were there?
a) Infinitive; first and second participles
b) first participle
c) second participle
d) Infinitive
e) Past Tense

$$24$$

1. Morphological word – building is subdivided into …… types.
a) two
b) three
c) ten
d) five
e) seven

2. Morphological word – building is subdivided into two types.
a) affixation and composition
b) prefix and suffix
c) prefix and composition
d) suffix and composition
e) suffix

3.…… play rather an important role in Old English.
a) suffixes
b) prefixes
c) affixes
d) root
e) ending

4. The words formed with the help of joining two or more stems into one word. It is called ……
a) composition
b) affixation
c) suffixation
d) prefixation
e) derivation

5. Tuesday is ……
a) Tiw’s day
b) Moon’s day
c) Wooden’s day
d) Thunor’s day
e) Saturn’s day

6. Wednesday is ……
a) Wooden’s day
b) Moon’s day
c) Tiw’s day
d) Thunor’s day
e) Saturn’s day

7. Thursday is ……
a) Thunor’s day
b) Moon’s day
c) Tiw’s day
d) Wooden’s day
e) Saturn’s day

8. Saturday is ……
a) Saturn’s day
b) Moon’s day
c) Tiw’s day
d) Thunor’s day
e) Wooden’s day

9. Whiskey is …… word
a) Celtic
b) Scottish
c) Picts
d) Irish
e) American

10. The Latin borrowing of the Old period can be divided into …… periods or layers.
a) two
b) three
c) four
d) five
e) six

$$25$$

1. The second layer of Latin borrowings contains the words concerning …… and the ……
a) religion and the church
b) products
c) names of the objets of material only
d) culture
e) abstract

2. When a vowel occurs between two consonants it becomes ……
a) short
b) long
c) ugly
d) comparative
e) leveled

3. The vowels are …… before two consonants.
a) shortened
b) leveled
c) aspivated
d) reduced
e) lengthened

4. Middle English period affected the …… vowels.
a) unstressed
b) stressed
c) reduced
d) leveled
e) weakened

5. All unstressed vowels were weakened and reduced to the …… vowels.
a) neutral
b) final
c) middle
d) long
e) short

6. The infinitive suffix – an – was reduced to ……
a) — en
b) — ed
c) — un
d) — mis
e) — un

7. The nominative plural ending – as became
a) — es
b) — en
c) — ed
d) — mis
e) — as

8. All Old English diphthongs were ……
a) monophthongized
b) dipthongized
c) shortened
d) leveled
e) lengthened

9. Middle English nouns had …… cases:
a) 4
b) 7
c) 6
d) 2
e) 1

10. Old English period is ……
a) the period of full endings
b) the period of leveled or reduced endings
c) the period of lost endings
d) the period of coming barbarians
e) the period of doing examples