1. Прочитайте текст. Ответьте на вопросы в конце текста.

Modern life is impossible without travelling. A great amount of people travel. They make a business trip, a tourist trip or just go on a hike. It’s so nice to relax after working daily routine. Children look forward to having their long summer holidays too. You always discover something new when you are travelling. Those who are fond of travelling look forward to a journey, a tour or a voyage to some unknown place. They look through the guide books, listen to plenty of tips given by their friends, relations and other holiday-makers. Actually it’s interesting to see some places of great historic, cultural, architectural or industrial interest and to learn more about their history, culture, industry and architecture. It enriches our knowledge to a great extent. But some people travel to enjoy the beauties of nature. It’s really worth admiring delightful picturesque scenery with views of gold sandy beaches, snow capped mountains or lakes with crystal clear water. They are ideal places for walking, fishing, boating and relaxing.

There are two viewpoints on travelling. Some people like to go to one place and spend their holidays there. The place may be an interesting city, a picturesque village, a remote island or some other attractive place. Others prefer seeing as much as possible in the time they have. The way of travelling may be a problem too. It depends on the traveller’s age, profession, character, aims, health. The idea of cycling holidays occurs only to youngsters. Older people are not so enthusiastic. They prefer travelling by rail, by air, by sea or by car.

In fact travelling is necessary for us all. It keeps us from growing stale, it develops our imagination, it gives us that movement and change which are necessary to our life. Still we are glad to return, for as the proverb says “East or West home is best”.

Have you ever been to foreign countries? If yes, say what country? Yes, I have been to foreign countries. I have been to Germany, Lithuania, Latvia and Ukraine.

Would you like to visit Great Britain? If yes, why? If no, why? Yes, I would like to visit Great Britain, because I would like to see Trafalgar Square and Buckingham Palace.

 

2. Прочитайте текст (переводить не нужно). Выполните задания после текста.

 

Great Britain

The full name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and a great number of small islands. Their total area is over 314 000 sq. km. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. Northern Ireland occupies one third of the island of Ireland. It borders on the Irish Republic in the south. The island of Great Britain consists of three main parts: England (the southern and middle part of the island), Wales (a mountainous peninsula in the West) and Scotland (the northern part of the island).

There are no high mountains in Great Britain. In the north the Cheviots separate England from Scotland, the Pennies stretch down North England along its middle, the Cambrian mountains occupy the greater part of Wales and the Highlands of Scotland are the tallest of the British mountains. There is very little flat country except in the region known as East Anglia. Most of the rivers flow into the North Sea. The Thames is the deepest of the British rivers. Some of the British greatest ports are situated in the estuaries of the Thames, the Mersey, the Trent, the Tyne, the Clyde and the Bristol Avon.

Great Britain is not very rich in mineral resources, it has some deposits of coal and iron ore and vast deposits of oil and gas that were discovered in the North Sea. The warm currents of the Atlantic Ocean influence the climate of Great Britain. Winters are not severely cold and summers are rarely hot.

The population of the United Kingdom is over 58 million people. The main nationalities are: English, Welsh, Scottish and Irish. In Great Britain there are a lot of immigrants from former British Asian and African colonies. Great Britain is a highly industrialized country.

New industries have been developed in the last three decades. The main industrial centers are London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Liverpool, Glasgow and Bristol.

The capital of the country is London. The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy.

 

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты к следующим словам и выражениям:

 Состоит из двух больших островов, большое количество маленьких островов, западное побережье, омывается Атлантическим океаном, занимает одну треть, высокие горы, большинство рек впадают, большинство самых больших портов Великобритании, залежи угля и железной руды, теплые течения Атлантического океана, население, высокоразвитая страна, столица страны – Лондон.

 

Consists of two large islands, a great number of small islands, western coast, washed by the Atlantic Ocean, occupies one third, high mountains, most of the rivers flow, most of the largest ports in Great Britain, deposits of coal and iron ore, warm currents of the Atlantic Ocean, population, highly industrialized country , the capital of the country is London.

4. Просмотрите текст и ответьте на вопросы:

1.  Where is the United Kingdom situated? The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles.

2.  What islands do the British Isles consists of? The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and a great number of small islands.

3. What ocean and seas are the British Isles washed by? The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

4.  How many parts does the Island of Great Britain consist of and what are they called? The island of Great Britain consists of three main parts: England (the southern and middle part of the island), Wales (a mountainous peninsula in the West) and Scotland (the northern part of the island).

5. What country does Northern Ireland border on? It borders on the Irish Republic in the south.

6. Are they any high mountains in Great Britain? There are no high mountains in Great Britain.

7.  What sea do most of the rivers flow into? Most of the rivers flow into the North Sea.

8.   What mineral resources is Great Britain rich in? Great Britain is not very rich in mineral resources, it has some deposits of coal and iron ore and vast deposits of oil and gas that were discovered in the North Sea.

9. What is the climate like in Great Britain? The warm currents of the Atlantic Ocean influence the climate of Great Britain. Winters are not severely cold and summers are rarely hot.

10.  What is the population of Great Britain? The population of the United Kingdom is over 58 million people.

11. What is the capital of the U. K.? The capital of the country is London.

12. What kind of state is Great Britain? The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy.

 

5. Сделайте следующие предложения отрицательными и вопросительными.

Model: The island of Great Britain consists of three main parts.

  The island of Great Britain doesn’t consist of three main parts.

  Does the island of Great Britain consist of three main parts?

 

1. Most of the rivers flow into the North Sea.

2. Northern Ireland occupies one third of the island of Ireland.

3. Most of the rivers don’t flow into the North Sea.

4. Northern Ireland doesn’t occupy one third of the island of Ireland.

 5. Do most of the rivers flow into the North Sea?

6. Does Northern Ireland occupy one third of the island of Ireland?

  

6. Вставьте артикли так, где это необходимо.

  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, The British Isles, The North Sea, The English Channel, The Atlantic Ocean, England, Wales, Scotland, in the north, The Cambrian mountains, Liverpool, Glasgow.

Упражнения на изученные времена

 1. Откройте скобки. Настоящее, прошедшее или будущее совершенное время?

 

1. I only wanted to know why he has lost his job.

2. I have never driven a car.

3. The film had already started by 11 o’clock tomorrow.

4. She explained the situation to me.

5. Mum had cooked the dinner by the time you come.

6. He hasn’t answered my letter yet.

7. I will have read the book by next Monday.

8. After she had listened to the record many times, she learned the poem by heart.

 

Свершено-длительные времена (Perfect Continuous Tenses)

          Present Perfect Continuous — Настоящее свершено-длительное время обозначает действие, которое началось в прошлом и длится до сих пор. Образуются по формуле have (has) been + ing–формы глагола.

Например: Он работает с утра. — He has been working since morning.

Вы пишете тест весь день? — Have you been writing a test all day?

Типичные предлоги: for, since. Сравните следующие предложения:

Я живу в Санкт-Петербурге. I live in St. Petersburg.

Я живу в Санкт-Петербурге с детства. I have been living in St. Petersburg since childhood.

Она делает уроки. She is doing her homework.

Она делает уроки 2 часа уже. She has been doing her homework for 2 hours already.

 

1. Переведите на русский язык. 1. I have been waiting for you since 12 o’clock. 2. She has been working here for 2 hours. 3. For how long have they been sleeping? 4. What have you been doing? — I have been making an essay. 5. I’ve been waiting here since three o’clock.

 

1. Я жду тебя с 12 часов. 2. Она работает здесь 2 часа. 3. Как долго они спали? 4. Чем вы занимались? — Я пишу сочинение. 5. Я жду здесь с трех часов.

 

2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя Present Perfect Continuous.

1. John is in his room, he has been sitting there since the morning. 2. For two hours now we have been talking about it and we haven’t come to any conclusion yet. 3. John, do you know where my bag is? I have been looking for it for half an hour and I can’t find it. 4. Look, your brother has been dancing with that red-haired girl since she came into the room. 5. She has been teaching at school for twenty years.

 

 

3. Определите, в каком из настоящих времен переводится каждое из предложений группы.

Например:

1. Я часто читаю исторические романы. – Present Simple (Indefinite).

2. Я прочитала интереснейший роман Вальтера Скотта. – Present Perfect.

3. Сейчас я читаю книгу Мориса Дрюона. – Present Continuous (Progressive).

4. Я читаю эту книгу с понедельника. — Present Perfect Continuous.

1. Сегодня холодно, идет снег. Present Continuous (Progressive).

Зимой нередко идет снег. Present Simple (Indefinite).

Снег идет со вчерашнего вечера. Present Perfect Continuous.

Снег прошел, и на улицах города лежат огромные сугробы. Present Perfect.

2. Моя подруга работает переводчиком, она переводит тексты. Present Simple (Indefinite).

3. Она переводит этот текст уже давно, он очень сложен. Present Perfect Continuous.

4. Мне придется перезвонить позже, она переводит текст. Present Continuous (Progressive).

5. Она перевела этот текст, но ей надо подготовить еще один. Present Perfect.