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Задание 1.

The Napoleonic Code

The Napoleonic Code is the French civil code, established under Napoleon I in 1804. The code forbade privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and specified that government jobs go to the most qualified people. It was drafted rapidly by a commission of four eminent jurists and was enacted on March 21, 1804. The Napoleonic Code was the first modern legal code and it strongly influenced the law of many of the countries formed during and after the Napoleonic Wars.

Napoleon started to reform the French legal system in accordance with the ideas of the French Revolution. The purpose of the Code was a fundamental change in the nature of the civil law system; it made laws much clearer and much more accessible.

The preliminary article of the Code established certain important provisions. Laws could be applied only if they had been duly proclaimed, and only if they had been published officially; thus no secret laws were authorized. It prohibited laws that apply to events that occurred before them.

With regard to family; the Code established the supremacy of the husband with respect to the wife and children. It did, however, allow divorce on liberal basis compared to other European countries, including divorce by mutual consent.

Кодекс Наполеона

Кодекс Наполеона — это французский гражданский кодекс, созданный при Наполеоне I в 1804 году. Кодекс запрещал льготы, получаемые при рождении, позволял свободу вероисповедания и определял, что рабочие места при правительстве предоставляются наиболее квалифицированным людям. Он был быстро составлен комиссией из четырех выдающихся юристов и был принят 21 марта 1804 года. Кодекс наполеона был первым современным правовым кодексом и оказал сильное влияние на законодательство многих стран, сформировавшихся во время и после наполеоновских войн.

Наполеон начал реформу французской правовой системы в соответствии с идеями французской революции. Целью Кодекса было фундаментальное изменение характера системы гражданского права; это сделало законы намного более ясными и намного более доступными.

Предварительная статья Кодекса установила некоторые важные положения. Законы могут применяться только в том случае, если они были должным образом провозглашены, и только в том случае, если они были официально опубликованы; таким образом, никакие секретные законы не разрешались. Запрещены законы, которые распространяются на события, произошедшие до них.

В отношении семьи Кодекс устанавливает верховенство мужа по отношению к жене и детям. Однако он разрешил развод на либеральной основе по сравнению с другими европейскими странами, включая развод по взаимному согласию.

Задание 2

civil code гражданский кодекс

privileges привилегии

freedom свобода

commission комиссия

influence влияние

reform реформа

legal system правовая система

law system правовая система

preliminary article предварительная статья

officially официально

publish опубликовать

Задание 3.

ОБЩИЕ

1. Is the Napoleonic Code the French civil code, established under Napoleon I in 1804?
2. Was the Napoleonic Code the first modern legal code and it strongly influenced the law of many of the countries formed during and after the Napoleonic Wars?
3. Did Napoleon start to reform the French legal system in accordance with the ideas of the French Revolution?
4. Was the purpose of the Code a fundamental change in the nature of the civil law system?
5. Did the preliminary article of the Code establish certain important provisions?

СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫЕ

1. When was the Napoleonic Code established?
2. What was it drafted rapidly by?
3. What did Napoleon start in accordance with the ideas of the French Revolution?
4. What was the purpose of the Code?
5. When could laws be applied?

Задание 4.

1. The French civil code and Napoleon.
2. Ideas of the French Revolution and the Civil Code
3. Important provisions
4. Supremacy of the husband

The Napoleonic Code is the French civil code, established under Napoleon I in 1804. The code forbade privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and specified that government jobs go to the most qualified people. The Napoleonic Code was the first modern legal code and it strongly influenced the law of many of the countries formed during and after the Napoleonic Wars.

Napoleon started to reform the French legal system in accordance with the ideas of the French Revolution. The purpose of the Code was a fundamental change in the nature of the civil law system.

The preliminary article of the Code established certain important provisions. Laws could be applied only if they had been duly proclaimed, and only if they had been published officially; thus no secret laws were authorized.

With regard to family; the Code established the supremacy of the husband with respect to the wife and children.