Task 1. Read the following text.

Automation is the use of logical programming commands and mechanized equipment to replace the decision making and manual command-response activities of human beings. Historically, mechanization—such as the use of a timing mechanism to trip a lever or ratchet and pawl—aided humans in performing the physical requirements of a task. Automation, however, takes mechanization a step further, greatly reducing the need for human sensory and mental requirements while simultaneously optimizing productivity. The term automation is believed to have been first coined in the 1940s by a Ford Motor Company engineer describing various systems where automatic actions and controls were substituted for human effort and intelligence. At this time, control devices were electromechanical in nature. Logic was performed by means of relays and timers interlocked with human feedback at decision points. By wiring relays, timers, push buttons, and mechanical position sensors together, simple logical motion sequences could be performed by turning on and off motors and actuators.

  With the advent of computers and solid-state devices, these control systems became smaller, more flexible, and less expensive to implement and modify. The first programmable logic controllers were developed in the 1970s and 1980s by Modicon in response to a challenge by GM to develop a substitute for hardwired relay logic. As technology improved and more automation companies entered the market, new control products were developed. Today, myriad computerized logic control devices developed by hundreds of different manufacturers exist in the industry.

A few advantages of automation are:

 •Human operators performing tasks that involve hard physical or monotonous work can be replaced.

 •Human operators performing tasks in dangerous environments, such as those with temperature extremes or radioactive and toxic atmospheres, can be replaced.

 •Tasks that are beyond human capabilities are made easier. Handling heavy or large loads, manipulating tiny objects, or the requirement to make products very quickly or slowly are

examples of this.

 •Production is often faster and labor costs less per a product basis than the equivalent manual operations.

 •Automation systems can easily incorporate quality checks and verifications to reduce the number of out-of-tolerance parts being produced while allowing for statistical process control that will allow for a more consistent and uniform product.

 •Automation can serve as the catalyst for improvement in the economies of enterprises or society. For example, the gross national income and standard of living in Germany and Japan improved drastically in the 20th century, due in large part to embracing automation for the production of weapons, automobiles, textiles, and other goods for export.

 •Automation systems do not call in sick.

// Industrial Automation in 2020: From Mechanization to Automation, by Spatial team, 2020

 

Task 2. Agree or disagree with the following statements about the content of the text (Task 1).

1. Historically, mechanization is the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery. True

2. Automation is technology by which a process or procedure is performed without human assistance. True

3. The term automation is believed to be first used by Henry Ford to describe various systems where human automatic actions were substituted. False

4. One of automation advantages is that all operations in dangerous environment can be replaced. True

5. Automation does not bear any risk. False

 

 

 

 

Task 3. The following highlighted words in the text are to be translated as:

A) commands1. приказы2. воздействия3. инструкции4. группировки5. сигналы	B) performing1. исполнение роли2. выполнение3. совершаемый4. оформление5. выполнять трюки	C) were substituted1. были использованы2. были замещены3. были подставлены4. были суррогированы5. были передоверены
D) advent1. рождественский пост2. второе пришествие3. наступление эпохи4. развитие5. прибытие	E) manual1. руководство, учебник2. справочная документация3. с ручным приводом 4. мануальный

Task 4. Find the following in the text (Task 1):

— 2 sentences with the Gerund;

— By wiring relays, timers, push buttons, and mechanical position sensors together, simple logical motion sequences could be performed by turning on and off motors and actuators.

— Обстоятельство.

— Historically, mechanization—such as the use of a timing mechanism to trip a lever or ratchet and pawl—aided humans in performing the physical requirements of a task. Обстоятельство.

 — 2 sentences with the Participle I;

 — Automation, however, takes mechanization a step further, greatly reducing the need for human sensory and mental requirements while simultaneously optimizing productivity. Обстоятельство.

 — Company engineer describing various systems where automatic actions and controls were substituted for human effort and intelligence. Определение.

 — 2 sentences with the Participle II;

— The term automation is believed to have been first coined in the 1940s by a Ford Motor Company engineer describing various systems where automatic actions and controls were substituted for human effort and intelligence. Часть глагола-сказуемого.

— Logic was performed by means of relays and timers interlocked with human feedback at decision points. Часть глагола-сказуемого.

 — 1 sentence with the Complex Subject.

 — The term automation is believed to have been first coined in the 1940s by a Ford Motor Company engineer describing various systems where automatic actions and controls were substituted for human effort and intelligence.

 — Historically, mechanization—such as the use of a timing mechanism to trip a lever or ratchet and pawl—aided humans in performing the physical requirements of a task.

  

Write the sentences out, underline the verbals and define their functions in the sentences.

Task 5. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using either Complex Object or Complex Subject.

1. Считается, что фабрика или завод – это промышленное здание, где рабочие производят, занимаются сборкой, упаковывают или обрабатывают товары, контролируя работу производственных конвейеров.

2. Промышленное оборудование оказалось эффективным для массового производства еще со времен Промышленной революции.

3. Генри Форд верил, что новые технологии, а именно конвейерное производство, будут способствовать увеличению выпуска машин, чтобы удовлетворить растущий спрос потребителей.

4. Многие полагают, что гибкое программное обеспечение подбирается индивидуально и адаптируется под конкретные задачи производства, объемы информации и потребности управления во всех сферах работы предприятия.

5. Полагают, что автоматизированная система управления производственными процессами является оптимальным вариантом на любом этапе производства.

1. A factory or a plant is considered to be an industrial building where workers produce, assemble, pack or process goods by controlling the operation of production lines.

2. Industrial equipment turned out to be effective for mass production ever since the Industrial Revolution.

3. Henry Ford believed that new technologies, namely assembly line production, would increase the production of cars to meet the growing demand of consumers.

4. Many people believe that flexible software is selected individually and adapted to specific production tasks, volumes of information and management needs in all areas of the enterprise.

5. It is believed that an automated process control system is the best option at any stage of production.

Task 6. Replace the underlined clauses by Absolute Participial constructions. Pay attention to the fact that some conjunctions are to be dropped out.

Example: Automation has revolutionized those areas in which it has been introduced, and there is scarcely an aspect of modern life that has been unaffected by it. – Automation having revolutionized those areas in which it has been introduced, there is scarcely an aspect of modern life that has been unaffected by it.

 

1. The term automation being used widely in a manufacturing context, but it is also applied in connection with a variety of other systems.

2. The part being mass-produced, an automated transfer line is often the most economical method of production.

3. The flexible manufacturing system representing a high level of production automation, people are still needed to manage the system, load and unload parts, change tools, and maintain and repair the equipment.

Task 7. Put the verb in the correct form to complete the following conditional sentences. The types of conditionals are pointed out in brackets.

1. Brokerage houses would be able to track their customers’ accounts if they used a computerized record-keeping system. (second conditional)

2. The processing of large volumes of documents and financial transactions will not possible if banking and financial institutions didn’t embrace automation in their operations. (mixed conditional)

3. If research on robots development is under way it will provide assistance to paraplegics and other physically handicapped persons. (first conditional)

4. Such communications would not be possible if the automated guidance systems didn’t place and retain the satellites in predetermined orbits. (second conditional)

5. If the U.S. Internal Revenue Service had begun using a computerized system to automate the auditing procedure in 1985, a substantial increase in the work load of the IRS auditing department would not have been possible. (third conditional)

 

Task 8. Paraphrase the italicized parts using modals of deduction where possible.

1. Robotics could play a very important role in future health care delivery systems.

2. Robots may become involved in certain aspects of patient care such as transporting patients to services in the hospital, passing food trays, and similar functions in which it is not critical that a hospital staff member be present.

3. Automated using robots could include making beds, delivering linens, and moving supplies between locations in the hospital. 

4. Restaurants, retailers, and other organizations must be using systems that automatically check the validity of a credit card.

5. These robots could respond to voice commands and be able to interpret statements in natural language from patients requesting service?

  

Task 9. Case study: Imagine you decided to take part in the international conference on informatics in control, automation and robotics “ICINCO 2021”, which will be held online on the 6-8 July, 2021.

Your task is:

1. Study the information about the conference: http://www.icinco.org/Home.aspxv (application 1 is a screen shot of the conference home page);

2. Write an ABSTRACT to submit for the conference (requirements are in the application 2):

3. Fill in the application form (application 3).

Application 1

Application 2

Abstract Submission Guidelines

  The submissions will be reviewed by a panel of experts, including the conference and program chairs. In order to ensure a proper and fair review of the abstracts, we encourage our authors to submit abstracts with clear insights and background of the work, and to include complementing material that can help the panel understand its contribution and relevance to the conference. Complementing material could include, for example, previously published papers or videos related to the abstract, to enrich the abstract submission. All abstracts will be analyzed, however insufficient proof of scientific and/or novel contribution, as well as lack of background and grounds to understand what is being proposed, may lead to the rejection of an abstract.
In order to evaluate the technical quality, the submitted abstract should contain clear though summary indication regarding the data used for experiments, the exploited methods and the achieved results. Your abstract should contain approximately 150 words.

 Conference will take place in in June-July 2023. The conference will includes such issues as Intelligent Control Systems and Optimization, Robotics and Automation, Signal Processing, Sensors, Systems Modelling and Control, Industrial Informatics.

The purpose of the International Conference is to bring together researchers, engineers and practitioners interested in the application of informatics to Control, Automation and Robotics. Four simultaneous tracks will be held, covering Intelligent Control Systems, Optimization, Robotics, Automation, Signal Processing, Sensors, Systems Modelling and Control, and Industrial Informatics. Informatics applications are pervasive in many areas of Control, Automation and Robotics; This conference intends to emphasize this connection.

Conference chair is Dimitar Filev, research & advanced engineering, ford motor company, united states. Program co-chairs are Giuseppina gini, politecnico di Milano, Italy, Henk Nijmeijer, Eindhoven university of technology, Netherlands. Local co-chairs are Paolo di Giamberardino, Sapienza university of Rome, Italy,
Daniela Iacoviello, Sapienza university of Rome, Italy. Keynote speaker is

Luís Paulo rRis, university of Porto, Portugal.

 Application 3 

Full name&Title	Dimitar Filev
Whether your attend the conference	Yes
Your Postal Address	Park Stree 14, 34532
City	Moscow
Telephone	55863752
Conference Title	Advanced engineering
Paper (Title)	The future of advanced engineering
Paper ID Code	5663
Mode of Participation	Presenter