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Insert the appropriate words and expressions into the text

awesome, layman, achieved, assembled, applicant, relevance, capacity, scientist, pursuit, urgent 

SCIENCE

With regard to the support of science, the major flaw is the demand that the 1 scientist justify a project on the basis of its goals. The more limited the resources of a nation or its agencies for funding science, the more stringent is the requirement that the research be visibly directed to solve some 2 urgent   problem of society. This philosophy is misguided in a fundamental way. The truly major discoveries that have altered the face of medicine – for example, X-rays, penicillin, recombinant DNA – have all come from the pursuit of curiosity about nature without 3 relevance to medicine.

The same can be said of great industrial inventions, which were haphazard at the outset and only later recognized for their commercial value. No matter how counter-intuitive it may seem – to the scientist as well as to the 4 layman – the most sure and cost-effective route to discovery is through the creative activity of the scientist or inventor rather than the 5 pursuit of a defined goal.

The award of a research grant is fundamentally flawed when it requires that the 6 assembled chart a path to discoveries that will have practical consequences or, at least, will reorient the direction of a discipline. This makes no sense whatever. Scientists, as is true of athletes and artists, should be awarded contracts on the basis of what they have 7 achieved rather than for what they promise to do. Scientists working at a frontier of science or creating a new one must rely on intuition, serendipity, and a 8 capacity to move quickly in new directions to exploit findings that emerge from their research and that of others.

To summarize, I want to extol the discipline of science unique among human activities. The practice of science enables scientists as ordinary people to go about doing generally ordinary things which, when a applicant  9 reveal the extraordinary intricacies and 10 awesome beauties of nature.

SCIENCE

LISTENING

Watch the video and specify if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.

https://www.engvid.com/how-to-give-the-best-powerpoint-presentation/

1. Power Point Presentations help you simplifyyour speech part of performance. true
2. Pictures should not be numerous, especially in short presentations. true
3. Lettering must be easily readable especially in specific font and its size. true
4. All information is to be “nominative”, do not use clauses or the whole texts. false
5. The colours in presentationmake it attractive; however, they should not be too variable on one slide. true

SCIENCE

READING

Choose the correct answer (A, B or C), according to the contents of the text

INSIDE THE HOT VIRUS LABORATORY

In the grey countryside, in the heart of England, there stands a high security fortress. It is no ordinary fortress, however. It is a laboratory, and the security is dedicated not to stopping things to getting in, but stopping things from getting out. We are about to enter Britain’s Hot Virus Laboratory where the most deadly known to man are kept.

The virus is the simplest form of life and can only exist inside cells. These can be plant, animal or human cells. Once inside these cells, they begin to multiply, often with deadly results. Where they come from is often a mystery as well. At the laboratory, the staff are dedicated to discovering this. Some viruses, they believe, can come from insects, animals and even water.

Some viruses can kill in as little as two weeks, and if they are very infectious can be spread from one part of the world to another by people travelling on the planes. Sometimes the viruses just vanish for a while, but the team at the laboratory believe that often the virus is simply looking for ways of improving its chances of survival, and is waiting for another chance to attack human and animal cells.

Dr Graham Lloyd, who works at the lab, is trying to discover where these viruses come from. They have been making tests on a variety of possible sources, from rats to spiders, in an effort to find out which one is responsible for passing killer viruses on to humans. Dr Lloyd and his team are part of the “thin red line” of scientists between us and the next deadly attack by a virus.

They work in very high-security conditions – in fact, there is more security in the Hot Virus Laboratory than anywhere in the country. But even so, when Dr Lloyd first went to work at the laboratory a fellow worker was infected with a deadly virus by accident. As we go through another high security door, we are faced with steel cabinets in which the viruses live. There are long rubber gloves attached to these cabinets and by outing their arms through these, the scientists can make contact with the viruses.

Even though Dr Lloyd is very careful, the long rubber gloves look very delicate when you think that there is a deadly killer at the end of them. What if a hole should appear in a glove? Dr Lloyd says if this happens, then alarms go off, and though a variety of technical methods they have made sure that infected air can never escape from these cabinets.

The Hot Virus Laboratory is clearly a place for people who take security very seriously. They only employ people who have a great deal of experience in working with viruses. They do not employ aggressive people, or people who don’t get on with others, as they work in pairs in the laboratory so they can check each other. This is to prevent incidents like the case of a scientist in another laboratory who accidentally split some dangerous liquid on himself. He did not report this and infected five other people before he was stopped. Luckily, they all survived.

1. This highly secure object in England is
2. a defending fortress.
3. a virus laboratory.
4. a secret shelter for scientist.
5. The virus is the simplest form of life and
6. it exists inside cells.
7. it multiplies only in water.
8. it comes from specific plants, insects and animals.
9. In majority cases,if viruses are very infectious they can
10. be spread as little as two weeks.
11. kill in as little as two weeks.
12. attack human cells as little as two weeks.
13. Dr Lloyd and his team make their researchwork
14. A. in the infected air within cabinets.
15. byusing masks and gloves.
16. in very high-security conditions.
17. The ethics of working in virus laboratories requires
18. to think about co-workers and hide the unpleasant things.
19. to check and spy each other.
20. to inform immediately about accidents.