Упр. 1. Заполните пропуски соответствующими артиклями.

I wrote to her, but the letter never arrived. 2. — Europe and — America are separated by the Atlantic Ocean. 3. Jane is a very nice person. You should meet her. 4. What is the largest city in Canada? 5. Can you turn on the radio, please? I want to listen to some music. 6. We live in an old house near the station. It’s two miles from the centre. 7. Enjoy your holiday and don’t forget to send me a postcard. 8. What is the name of the director of the film we saw — last night? 9. Pete and Mary have two children, a boy and a girl. The boy is seven years old and the girl is three. 10. If you sail from — Britain to — Denmark, you cross the North Sea. 11. You should visit the British Museum when you are in — London. 12. Montreal is a large city in Canada.

 

Упр. 2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous.

This is the factory where my father works. He has worked here for fifteen years. 2. Have you found your note-book? — No! I am still looking for it. I have already been looking for it for two hours but haven’t found it. 3. You have been playing with a ball for already three hours. Go home and do your homework. 4. I have finished the book. But you have already read 100 pages since 7 o ‘clock. 5. I have been waiting for a letter from my cousin for a month already but haven’t yet received it. 6. My son will have learnt all the words by 7 o‘clock in the evening tomorrow. 7. I have been trying to explain our plan to you for an hour, and you don’t listen to me. 8. She has been working hard for the whole day and now is sleeping badly and she looks tired.

 

Упр. 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous.

When his uncle had left, he hurried to the station to book a ticket. 2. She thought that Gert and Lanny had quarreled. 3. By the time we had come to see him, he returned home. 4. During the holidays my friend visited the village where he had lived in his childhood. 5. When they entered the hall, the performance had already begun. 6. When I came home, my mother told me that she had received a letter from grandfather. 7. Where did you work before you entered the institute?

 

Преобразуйте активную конструкцию в пассивную.

My father has built this cottage. 2. Beginners used that computer. 3. Somebody is opening the window now. 4. We sold the last French text-book. 5. People all over Russia have watched the news. 6. The moonlight lit everything in the room. 7. We shall have solved your problems by next month. 8. We have just sent for the doctor. 9. The Blacks don’t use this room very often. 10. Thomas Coryate brought forks from Italy to England. 11. He has just repaired his car. 12. Somebody addressed the letter to the wrong person.

 

This cottage has been built by my father.

That computer was used by beginners.

The window is being opened by somebody now.

The last French text-book was sold by us.

The news has been watched by people all over Russia.

Everything in the room was lit by the moonlight.

Your problems will have been solved by next month.

The doctor has just been sent for.

This room isn’t used by Blacks very often.

Forks were brought by Thomas Coryate from Italy to England.

His car has just been repaired.

The letter was addresses by somebody to the wrong person.

 

Заполните пропуски соответствующими предлогами.

It is clear to me that you don’t know your lesson.

London is the capital of Great Britain.

At nine o’clock the lecturer entered — the hall, walked up to the table, put his bag under it, looked at everybody and began his lecture.

My explanation seemed strange to the teacher.

He gave her a big bunch with flowers.

We tried to speak to him, but he did not want to listen to us.

Yesterday the teacher spoke to us about the architecture of St. Petersburg.

My grandmother often complains about head ache.

I am sorry, I cannot speak to you now, the professor is waiting for me.

I must go to the institute and explain to him some details about our work.

Many pages in this book are torn.

Everybody looked at me with surprise: they had not waited for me.

 

Образуйте слова при помощи суффиксов. Переведите их на русский язык.

–er: sleeper, dreamer, teacher, climber, thinker, joker, villager.

–ist: sciencist, materialist, a theorist, socialist, to typist, an animalist, a novelist.

–ment: payment, punishment, development, government, astonishment, appointment, argument.

–ance (-ence): preference, resemblance, independence, significance, innocence, difference, resistance

 

соня, мечтатель, учитель, альпинист, мыслитель, шутник, сельский житель.

ученый, материалист, теоретик, социалист, машинист, анималист, писатель.

оплата, наказание, развитие, правительство, изумление, назначение, аргумент.

предпочтение, сходство, независимость, значимость, невинность, различие, сопротивление.

 

Упр. 7. Раскройте скобки, выбирая требующееся время глагола в соответствии с правилом Sequence of Tenses.

My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting-room. 2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 3. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 4. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 5. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 6.1 want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday.

 

Упр. 8. Употребите следующие предложения как придаточные дополнительные, в роли главных используя предложения, данные к скобках. Сдвигайте времена в соответствии c правилом согласования времен.

He works at his English hard. (I knew). 2. She dances better than anybody else (I was told). 3. My cousin has received a very interesting offer from his firm. (I learnt). 4. She will come to stay with us. (My aunt wrote in her letter). 5. He is painting a new picture. (We heard).

I knew that he worked at his English hard.

I was told that she danced better than anybody else.

I learnt that my cousin had received a very interesting offer from his firm.

My aunt wrote in her letter that she would come to stay with us.

We heard that he was painting a new picture.

 

 

Трансформируйте прямую речь в косвенную.

«My friend lives in Moscow,» said Alec. 2. «You have not done your work well,» said the teacher to me. 3. The poor man said to the rich man: «My horse is wild. It can kill your horse.» 4. The rich man said to the judge: «This man’s horse has killed my horse.» 5. «This man spoke to me on the road,» said the woman. 6. «I can’t explain this rule to you,» said my classmate to me, 7. The teacher said to the class: «We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.»

 

Alec said that his friend lived in Moscow.

The teacher said to me that I had not done my work well.

The poor man said to the rich man that his horse was wild and it could kill his horse.

The rich man said to the judge that that man’s horse had killed his horse.

The woman said that that man had spoken to her on the road.

My classmate said to me that he couldn’t explain that rule to me.

The teacher said to the class that they should discuss that subject next day.

 

 

Упр. 10. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме сослагательного наклонения.

If my sister does not go to the south, we shan’t spend)the summer in St Petersburg together. 2. If they hadn’t gone to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 3. If she had asked me yesterday, I should certainly have told her all about it. 4. If you did you morning exercises every day, your health would be much better. 5. If he is not very busy, he will agree to go to the museum with us. 6. If I hadn’t been present at the lesson, I should not have under stood this difficult rule. 7. If he reads fifty page every day, his vocabulary increases greatly.

 

Упр. 11. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

У тебя есть несколько карандашей? 2. Он сказал, что я когда-то хорошо играл в теннис. 3. Мы приедем в Москву к дню рождения. 4. В чашке мало молока. 5. Где Миша? – Он с утра делает домашнюю работу. 6. Друг моего брата сегодня утром уехал в Америку. 7. Ему хотелось остаться дома с маленькой сестрой. 8. Дику нравятся ее глаза. 9. Недавно он вставал в 7 часов, а сейчас встает в 8.30. Он поменял работу. 10. Следующим летом Ник с семьей поедет на Черное море. 11. Кто написал завещание? 12. Вчера Том и Моника пошли в зоопарк.

 

Do you have any pencils? 2. He said that I had once played tennis well. 3. We will come to Moscow for a birthday. 4. There is little milk in the cup. 5. Where is Misha? «He has been doing homework since morning.» 6. My brother’s friend has left for America this morning. 7. He wanted to stay at home with his little sister. 8. Dick likes her eyes. 9.He used to get up at 7 o’clock recently, and now he gets up at 8.30. He has changed jobs. 10. Next summer Nick and his family will go to the Black Sea. 11. Who wrote the will? 12. Tom and Monica went to the zoo yesterday.

 

PART II

Прочитайте текст.

Переведите текст на русский язык, при переводе пользуйтесь англо-русским словарем.

Прочитайте текст еще раз, письменно по-английски ответьте на вопросы, следующие за текстом.

Найдите и выпишите из текста предложения, определяющие его основную идею.

Выпишите из текста глагольные формы, укажите время и залог (не более 10).

Выпишите из текста существительные в единственном числе, поставьте их во множественное число (не более 6).

Выпишите из текста местоимения, укажите их разряд (личное, притяжательное, неопределенное и т.д.).

Выпишите из текста все сложноподчиненные предложения.

Поставьте вопросы к выделенным в предложениях словам или словосочетаниям.

Дайте предложениям последнего абзаца отрицательную форму.

Преобразуйте предложения под номерами 1, 2, 3, 4 из активного залога в пассивный.

TEXT

THE AMERICAN FAMILY

 

Most American families consist of a mother, a father, and three or four children living at home. There may be relatives — grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and in-laws in the same community, but American families usually maintain separate households (1). This familial structure is known as the «nuclear family.» It is unusual for members of the family other than the husband, wife, and children to live together. Occasionally an aging grandparent may live with the family, but this arrangement is usually not considered desirable.

Although the nuclear family unit is economically independent of the rest of the family (2), members of the whole family group often maintain close kinship ties. Visiting between parents and their married children and between married sisters and brothers is frequent when they live close to each other. If they live in different communities, they keep in touch by writing letters and by telephone (3).

In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are old enough, they participate as well (4). Foreign observers are frequently amazed by the permissiveness of American parents. The old rule that «children should be seen and not heard» is rarely followed,’ and chil-dren are often allowed to do what they wish without strict parental control.

The father seldom expects his children to obey him without question, and children are encouraged to be independent at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom too far. Young people are expected to break away from their parental families by the time they have reached their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a failure, a kind of weak dependence.

 

АМЕРИКАНСКАЯ СЕМЬЯ

 

Большинство американских семей состоят из матери, отца и трех-четырех детей, живущих дома. В одной общине могут быть родственники — бабушки и дедушки, тети, дяди, двоюродные братья и родственники, но американские семьи обычно поддерживают отдельные домашние хозяйства (1). Эта семейная структура известна как «ядерная семья». Для членов семьи, кроме мужа, жены и детей, необычно жить вместе. Иногда стареющий дедушка и бабушка могут жить вместе с семьей, но это соглашение обычно не считается желательным.

Хотя подразделение ядерной семьи экономически не зависит от остальной части семьи (2), члены всей семейной группы часто поддерживают тесные родственные связи. Посещение между родителями и их замужними детьми, а также между замужними сестрами и братьями является частым, когда они живут близко друг к другу. Если они живут в разных общинах, они поддерживают связь, пишут письма и по телефону (3).

В американской семье муж и жена обычно участвуют в принятии важных решений. Когда дети достаточно взрослые, они также участвуют (4). Иностранных наблюдателей часто поражают вседозволенность американских родителей. Старое правило, что «дети должны быть замечены и не услышаны», редко соблюдается », и детям часто разрешается делать то, что они хотят, без строгого родительского контроля.

Отец редко ожидает, что его дети будут подчиняться ему без вопросов, и детей поощряют к самостоятельности в раннем возрасте. Некоторые люди считают, что американские родители слишком сильно переносят эту свободу. Ожидается, что молодые люди оторвутся от своих родительских семей к тому времени, когда они достигли своего позднего подросткового возраста или в начале двадцатых годов. Действительно, не делать этого часто считают неудачей, своего рода слабой зависимостью.

 

Questions

1) What do most American families consist of?

2) American families usually maintain separate households, don‘t they?

3) Where does an aging grandparent live?

4) What is frequent between parents and their married children and between married sisters and brothers?

5) How do the families keep in touch by if they don‘t live together?

6) The father often expects his children to obey him without question, doesn‘t he?

7) What is the old rule in the family?

8) How do the husband and wife usually take an important decision?

9) What are foreign observers frequently amazed by?