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It is known that language is not just a system or method of communication. Language is the most important factor forming a nation and a state. The language is the way of a nation to learn the world, where there are all the historical events.

Almost every nation in the world has its own language. There is no doubt that people speaking the same language have their own knowledge and culture from common communication, literature, traditions and legends. This identification by common language rather than by political or territorial unity is known as nationalism.

There are some historical stages where nationalism has a positive influence on the development of the self-consciousness of the people and the formation of nations. For example, many small states in Central Europe whose citizens spoke German united into the German Empire around Prussia.

It is known that state elites promote not only economic but also political nationalism. A military project highly depends on state structures. Therefore, it should have support from state elite. The project can be successful if its supporters can supplant the old state elite, most often in the course of movements for sovereignty or revolutions.

Civil wars need leadership. They help to strengthen state elites who are going to create, control or expand their own governance, independent of local rulers or related clans and beyond their control. It was profitable for conscripts to go to military service, because they had a possibility to have social benefits for themselves in exchange for their service during the war.

It should be noted that nations are grouped due to the reorganization of literate culture. Early, written literacy was one of the most important dividing criteria for belonging to the elite. However, a new high-quality education began to form later and everyone had everyone was allowed to have it. Languages ​​are created that become available to all fellow citizens of the nation-state. Thus, nations do not create their own ideology — nationalism, but the creation of nationalism precedes and predetermines the artificial construction of the nation.

Two models of nationalism deserve some attention. E. Gellner calls them «Ruritania» and «Megalomania». Ruritania and Megalomania are ideological constructs of the new (bourgeois) elites. Their difference is connected with the difference in the base chosen by elites to construct nationalism. If a nation is created on a cultural basis that was the basis of the previous (agrarian) society, then this is the model of Megalomania.

Then cultural forms, ideals, standards, including language, which already existed in the previous social form, are declared national (nationwide). If the elites that arose within the “old” social type were not homogeneous and were divided into “central” and “peripheral”, then a situation may arise when the “peripheral” elites rigidly prevent the disappearance (destruction) of their native culture, native language. There is ruritania when peripheral national elites make an attempt to carve out their own national state from a large nation-state on the basis of «their» native language and «their» native culture.

So, Ruritania is a reaction to Megalomania. It is a desire to build a different national state by opposing «one’s own» nation to the nation that is being constructed in Megalomania. Thus, the artificial construction of the nation flows into the dynamics of compromise, removal of a number of contradictions between the economic interests of the new elites (expressed in political form) and culture (including that which arose and developed within the traditional (agrarian) society).