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Comment on the statements:

1. «A person in an organization usually performs several roles and it may become a source of stress and overload.»

I agree with the statement.  People in an organization must do much work. And it can be a source of stress.

2. «Street-level bureaucrats who deal with people treat them like numbers ignoring their unique problems and circumstances.»

To a certain degree it is so. But there are different people in the world. Some are good, and some are bad.

Give your viewpoint on the following problems:

1. Imagine you are a lawyer who has to cancel an appointment to care for a sick child. Will you experience a role conflict? Will it become a source of stress for you? Explain what you feel to your family doctor or a colleague. I will experience a role conflict. Of course, it will become a stress for me. I feel bad. I feel that I must do it, but I don’t want to do it. It is so depressing.
2. The job of policy entrepreneur is said to be both necessary and dangerous. Why? What can minimize the risks they take and the limits they push? There should be people who can understand political situation. First of all, they should understand other people, their problems and they should be closer to the people.
3. What is stress? How to deal with stress? Tell about your experience. Stress is your body’s way of responding to any kind of demand. It can be caused by both good and bad experiences. When people feel stressed by something going on around them, their bodies react by releasing chemicals into the blood. These chemicals give people more energy and strength, which can be a good thing if their stress is caused by physical danger. But this can also be a bad thing, if their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no outlet for this extra energy and strength.

Stress can affect both your body and your mind. People under large amounts of stress can become tired, sick, and unable to concentrate or think clearly. Sometimes, they even suffer mental breakdowns.

I try to make everything easy.

4. What is a role-type? Describe a public organization from point of view of its role-types.

It is a set of connected behaviors, rights, obligations, beliefs, and norms as conceptualized by people in a social situation. It is an expected or free or continuously changing behaviour and may have a given individual social status or social position

5. Organization as a system of roles.

Designing organisations is the process of purposefully configuring elements or organisation to effectively and efficiently achieve its strategy and deliver intended business, customer and employee outcomes.

6. Reasons of stress and overload.

The situations and pressures that cause stress are known as stressors. We usually think of stressors as being negative, such as an exhausting work schedule or a rocky relationship. However, anything that puts high demands on you can be stressful. This includes positive events such as getting married, buying a house, going to college, or receiving a promotion.

Of course, not all stress is caused by external factors. Stress can also be internal or self-generated, when you worry excessively about something that may or may not happen, or have irrational, pessimistic thoughts about life.

Finally, what causes stress depends, at least in part, on your perception of it. Something that’s stressful to you may not faze someone else; they may even enjoy it. For example, your morning commute may make you anxious and tense because you worry that traffic will make you late. Others, however, may find the trip relaxing because they allow more than enough time and enjoy listening to music while they drive.

Writing

1. Write an essay explaining the following statement: «An organization that falls apart when individuals leave has not built an adequate structure of roles.»

People in an organization should work together. They have a common aim that they have to achieve. And when an organization falls apart when individuals leave has not built an adequate structure of roles.

Many people work in an organization. And every person should have his own role. Many people have many roles.

2. Imagine you are a street-level bureaucrat (for example, a social worker or a public school teacher). Write a brief essay on what makes your job complex and unpredictable.

The role of a teacher is clearly more than just planning and executing lesson plans, it’s also becoming the pupil’s third parent. Look at the amount of time teachers spend with their pupils. One benefit of the role of a teacher is being a constant role model for their pupils. Children that lack a solid family foundation will really benefit from a positive role model. Teachers that portray an image of confidence and accomplishment will help fulfill a child’s need of a positive role model when the family may fail to provide such a figure.

A teacher has a lot of work. She has to plan lessons that teach specific subjects, such as math, science, and English. He has to teach whole groups, or small group the lessons that they have prepared. She has to assess and evaluate student’s abilities (strengths and weaknesses). She develops and enforces classroom rules. She supervises children during extracurricular activities (lunch, playground, etc.). She conducts in-class activities.

The work of teacher is very useful but very hard!