Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

Michael knows German rather well. He wants to know English, too, but he has little time for it. 2. Hello, Pete, where are you going? – I hurry to school. 3. He spent last summer in the country. 4. She came from school an hour ago. At the moment she is doing her homework. 5. What will you buy at the shop tomorrow? 6. Take your raincoat with you. I am afraid it will rain in the evening and you will get wet through. 7. It is cold in autumn. It often rains. A cold wind often blows. 8. The lecture hasn’t begun yet and the students are talking in the classroom. 9. Yesterday his friend returned from the south. 10. What were you doung here at this late hour? – I was traslating this article.

Translate into English using the correct tenses of the verbs.

Дети всегда едят много конфет. 2. Где Анна? – Она сейчас готовит обед. 3. Кого ты вчера видел в парке? 4. Мы не пойдем на концерт, потому что мы не купили билеты. 5. Он сам примет решение. 6. Я уже собрал всю информацию – теперь мы можем писать статью.

Children always eat many sweets. 2. Where is Anna? She’s making dinner right now. 3. Who did you see in the park yesterday? 4. We won’t go to the concert because we didn’t buy tickets. 5. He will make a decision himself. 6. I have already collected all the information — now we can write an article.

Translate into English using the correct plural form of nouns.

Говорят, что женщины-водители более аккуратны, чем мужчины. 2. Вчера кот весь день наблюдал за мышами. 3. Дети очень любили этот мультфильм. 4. В этом зоопарке жили овцы, олени и дикие гуси. 5. У нее замерзли ноги, а зубы стучали от холода.

Women drivers are said to be more careful drivers than men. 2. Yesterday the cat was watching the mice all day. 3. Children liked this cartoon very much. 4. Sheep, deer and wild geese lived in this zoo. 5. Her feet were frozen, and her teeth chattered from the cold.

4. Complete the sentences using the most appropriate form of the adjectives in brackets.

Today the weather is colder than it was yesterday. 2. This book is the most interesting of all I have read this year. 3. January is the coldest month of the year. 4. My sister speaks English worse than I do. 5. Which is the hottest month of the year? 6. Which is the most beautiful place in this part of the country? 7. This good-looking girl is the best student in our group. 8. As he went on, the box became heavier and heavier. 9. Is the word ‘newspaper’ longer than the word ‘book’? 10. It is autumn. Every day the air becomes colder), the leaves yellower.

 

Translate into English using the appropriate forms of the pronouns.

Мне жарко. 2. Вы сообщили им эту новость? 3. Помогите мне, пожалуйста. 4. Отдай ему его ручку. 5. Нам хочется побывать в Париже. 6. Это не их ключ, а наш. 7. Какой у нее адрес? 8. Посмотрите на этого ежа. Его колючки похожи на иглы. 9. Дайте мне ваше фото, а я дам вам свое. 10. Я никогда не видел вашего сына. Покажите мне его фото.

 

I’m hot. 2. Did you tell the news to them? 3. Help me, please. 4. Give him his pen. 5. We want to visit Paris. 6. This is not their key, but ours. 7. What is her address? 8. Look at this hedgehog. Its spines are like needles. 9. Give me your photo and I’ll give you mine. 10. I have never seen your son. Show me his photo.

6. Translate into English using the correct tenses of the verbs.

Мой старший брат вернулся из школы и мы пошли гулять. 2. Мне закрыть окно? В комнате чересчур холодно. 3. Что ты собираешься делать в воскресенье? 4. Что ты делал, когда я звонил тебе? 5. Осенью часто идет дождь. 6. Джон все еще работает в саду. 7. Если отец купит новую машину, мы поедем на море. 8. Том завтра не будет играть в теннис, так как вчера он сломал руку во время тренировки. 9. Когда я проходил мимо, видел в вашем окне свет. 10. Я закончил писать сочинение и позвонил другу.

 

My older brother came back from school and we went for a walk. 2. Should I close the window? The room is too cold. 3. What are you going to do on Sunday? 4. What were you doing when I called you? 5. It often rains in autumn. 6. John is still gardening. 7. If my father buys a new car, we will go to the sea. 8. Tom will not play tennis tomorrow, because yesterday he broke his arm during training. 9. When I passed by, I saw a light in your window. 10. I finished writing my essay and called a friend.

Reading Comprehension

Text 1

Hospitality through centuries

The word hospitality comes from ‘hospice’, an old French word meaning ‘to provide care and shelter’. The first institutions of this kind, taverns, had existed long before the word appeared. In Ancient Rome they were located on the main roads, to provide food and fresh horses and overnight accommodation for officials and couriers of the government with special documents. The contemporaries proclaimed these inns to be ‘fit for a king’. That is why such documents became a symbol of status and were subject to thefts and forgeries.

Some wealthy landowners built their own taverns on the edges of their estates. Nearer the cities, inns and taverns were run by freemen or by retired gladiators who would invest their savings in this business in the same way that many of today’s retired athletes open restaurants. Inns for common folk were regarded as dens of vice and often served as houses of pleasure. The owners were required to report any customers who planned crimes in their taverns. The penalty for not doing so was death. The death penalty could be imposed merely for watering beer!

After the fall of the Roman Empire, public hospitality for the ordinary travelers became the province of religious orders. In these days, the main purpose of traveling was pilgrimage to the holy places. The pilgrims preferred to stay in the inns located close to religious sites or even on the premises of the monasteries. Monks raised their own provisions on their own grounds; kitchens were cleaner and better organized than in private households. So the food was often of a quality superior to that found elsewhere on the road.

As travel increased during the Middle Ages, so did the number of wayside inns. In England, the stagecoach became the favored method of transportation. A journey from London to a city like Bath took three days, with several stopovers at inns or taverns that were also called ‘post houses’. Guests often slept on mattresses put in what would be called the lobby, ate what they had brought with them or what they could purchase from the house. The fare was usually bread, meat, and beer, varied occasionally with fish. Frequently, the main dish was a long-cooked, highly seasoned meat-and-vegetable stew. But the diners who were frequenters were not choosy, so they did not question what they were eating.

 

Give Russian equivalents and use them in the sentences of your own:

hospitality, to provide care and shelter, to be subject to thefts and forgeries, to be regarded as, common folk, to be run by, ordinary travelers, private households, the favored method of transportation, the fare.

Hospitality is very important for him.

They provide care and shelter.

Their homes are subject to thefts and forgeries.

He is regarded as good man.

They said that it was a common folk.

The company is run by Petrov.

They are ordinary travelers.

Private households are not for them.

Ship is the favored method of transportation.

The fare is not high.

 

гостеприимство, дать забота и укрытие, возможность краж и подделок, считаться, обычный народ, управляться, обычные путешественники, семьи, предпочтительный способ передвижения, плата за проезд.

Give English equivalents and use them in the sentences of your own:

современники, вот почему, инвестировать свои сбережения, смертная казнь, ушедший на пенсию/в отставку, цель/намерение, придорожные гостиницы/постоялые дворы, завсегдатай/постоян­ный посетитель, разборчивый/привередливый, путешествие из … в … занимало … дней.

 

contemporaries, that’s why, invest their savings, death penalty, retired, purpose / intention, roadside hostels / inns, patron / frequent visitor, choosy / fastidious, traveling from … to … took … days.

They are his contemporaries.

That’s why he didn’t come to him.

We should invest our savings in this company.

Death penalty is for this man.

He retired in 2000.

The purpose of this man is to get this job.

There are many roadside hostels in this town.

He is a frequent visitor of this restaurant.

He is very fastidious.

He is travelling from this town to that town.

It took five days.

 

Write out from the text the whole sentences which contain the words and phrases given below and translate them into Russian:

to provide food and fresh horses and overnight accommodation, to be required to report, the pilgrims preferred to stay in, with several stopovers, to purchase from the house.

In Ancient Rome they were located on the main roads, to provide food and fresh horses and overnight accommodation for officials and couriers of the government with special documents.

The owners were required to report any customers who planned crimes in their taverns.

The pilgrims preferred to stay in the inns located close to religious sites or even on the premises of the monasteries.

A journey from London to a city like Bath took three days, with several stopovers at inns or taverns that were also called ‘post houses’.

Guests often slept on mattresses put in what would be called the lobby, ate what they had brought with them or what they could purchase from the house.

В Древнем Риме они располагались на главных дорогах, чтобы обеспечить едой и лошадьми, а также ночлегjv для государственных чиновников и курьеров со специальными документами.

Владельцы были обязаны сообщать обо всех клиентах, которые планировали преступления в их тавернах.

Паломники предпочитали останавливаться в гостиницах, расположенных недалеко от религиозных объектов или даже на территории монастырей.

Путешествие из Лондона в такой город, как Бат, заняло три дня, с несколькими остановками в гостиницах или тавернах, которые также назывались «почтовыми домами».

Гости часто спали на матрасах, помещенных в так называемом вестибюле, ели то, что принесли с собой, или то, что можно было купить в доме.

Answer the following questions on the text:

What is the origin of the word ‘hospitality’? The word hospitality comes from ‘hospice’, an old French word meaning ‘to provide care and shelter’.

Where were the ancient Roman taverns located? Some wealthy landowners built their own taverns on the edges of their estates. Nearer the cities, inns and taverns were run by freemen or by retired gladiators who would invest their savings in this business in the same way that many of today’s retired athletes open restaurants.

What was the most important function of a Roman tavern? In Ancient Rome they were located on the main roads, to provide food and fresh horses and overnight accommodation for officials and couriers of the government with special documents.

Who ran the inns and taverns situated nearer the Roman cities? Nearer the cities, inns and taverns were run by freemen or by retired gladiators who would invest their savings in this business in the same way that many of today’s retired athletes open restaurants.

What did the contemporaries say about these places? Inns for common folk were regarded as dens of vice and often served as houses of pleasure. The owners were required to report any customers who planned crimes in their taverns. The penalty for not doing so was death.

What was the main purpose of traveling in the Middle Ages? As travel increased during the Middle Ages, so did the number of wayside inns.

What can you say about the inns run by monks in the Middle Ages? Guests often slept on mattresses put in what would be called the lobby, ate what they had brought with them or what they could purchase from the house.

What sort of place was a wayside inn? As travel increased during the Middle Ages, so did the number of wayside inns.

How did the Englishmen call the inns or taverns in the Middle Ages? Guests often slept on mattresses put in what would be called the lobby, ate what they had brought with them or what they could purchase from the house.

What food was provided in the eating places for common people? Frequently, the main dish was a long-cooked, highly seasoned meat-and-vegetable stew. But the diners who were frequenters were not choosy, so they did not question what they were eating.

 

Text 2

Development of mass tourism

The most significant economic change for many countries of the world has been the development of mass tourism since World War II. Tourism is a risky business: capital investment can be considerable, whereas the season in which to recoup expenditure may be short and can be disrupted by economic difficulties within a country and in neighbouring countries or by cool, rainy weather in summer. Furthermore, there is fierce competition to attract tourists, not only among different countries but also among the resorts within each country.

Tourism is a growing industry and one of the largest sources of foreign exchange. Enormous sums of money are injected into the economies of some nations by winter and summer tourism. Employment opportunities in the service sector increase substantially. The tourist trade is one of most important sources of employment and revenue and is served by numerous hotels and boardinghouses, youth hostels, restaurants, and retail businesses. Many cities are also important centres for international conferences and exhibitions.

The number of tourists increases steadily. In some countries, though, tourism has not been at the heart of their economies, so the lack of facilities makes travel in them a rugged experience. Nevertheless, it is becoming a part of governmental policies in those countries to include provisions for paved highways and hotel construction in each successive development plan. Thus, the tourist industry has been actively encouraged by the authorities. Luxury establishments are developed for wealthy foreigners. Many workers find employment in tourism, now continuous through all seasons in many countries, binding the city’s economies ever more firmly to tourism. Tourism supports the many small businesses that provide food, lodging, fuel, and other supplies and services.

 

Give Russian equivalents and use them in the sentences of your own:

the development of mass tourism, furthermore, fierce competition, to attract tourists, resorts, to inject into, winter and summer tourism, tourist trade, sources of employment, revenue, boardinghouses, youth hostels, centres for international conferences and exhibitions, to increase steadily, the lack of, thus, to be actively encouraged by, wealthy foreigners, through all seasons, firmly.

развитие массового туризма, кроме того, жесткая конкуренция привлекать туристов, курорты, впускать, зимний и летний туризм, туристическая торговля, источники занятости, доход, пансионаты, молодежные общежития, центры международных конференций и выставок, постоянно увеличиваться, отсутствие поддержки, таким образом, быть активно поощряемым богатыми иностранцами, в любое время года, решительно.

Write out from the text the whole sentences which contain the words and phrases given below and translate them into Russian:

tourism is a risky business, tourism is a growing industry, employment opportunities, it is becoming a part of governmental policies, tourism supports the many small businesses.

Tourism is a risky business: capital investment can be considerable, whereas the season in which to recoup expenditure may be short and can be disrupted by economic difficulties within a country and in neighbouring countries or by cool, rainy weather in summer.

Tourism is a growing industry and one of the largest sources of foreign exchange.

Employment opportunities in the service sector increase substantially.

Nevertheless, it is becoming a part of governmental policies in those countries to include provisions for paved highways and hotel construction in each successive development plan.

Tourism supports the many small businesses that provide food, lodging, fuel, and other supplies and services.

 

Туризм — рискованный бизнес: капиталовложения могут быть значительными, в то время как сезон, в течение которого окупаются расходы, может быть коротким и может быть нарушен экономическими трудностями внутри страны и в соседних странах или прохладной дождливой погодой летом.

Туризм — это растущая отрасль и один из крупнейших источников иностранной валюты.

Существенно увеличиваются возможности трудоустройства в сфере услуг.

Тем не менее, включение положений о дорогах с твердым покрытием и строительстве гостиниц в каждый последующий план развития становится частью государственной политики этих стран.

Туризм поддерживает многие малые предприятия, которые предоставляют еду, жилье, топливо и другие товары и услуги.

Answer the following questions trying to use the topical words and phrases:

What has been the most significant economic change for many countries of the world since World War II? The most significant economic change for many countries of the world has been the development of mass tourism since World War II.

Why is tourism considered to be a risky business? Tourism is a risky business: capital investment can be considerable, whereas the season in which to recoup expenditure may be short and can be disrupted by economic difficulties within a country and in neighbouring countries or by cool, rainy weather in summer.

Prove that tourism trade is the one of most important sources of employment and revenue. The tourist trade is one of most important sources of employment and revenue and is served by numerous hotels and boardinghouses, youth hostels, restaurants, and retail businesses. Many cities are also important centres for international conferences and exhibitions.

The number of tourists increases steadily. Many cities are also important centres for international conferences and exhibitions.

The number of tourists increases steadily. In some countries, though, tourism has not been at the heart of their economies, so the lack of facilities makes travel in them a rugged experience.

Name as many types of tourist accommodation as you can. I know hostels, hotels, camps.

Why has the tourist industry been actively encouraged by the authorities in many countries? Nevertheless, it is becoming a part of governmental policies in those countries to include provisions for paved highways and hotel construction in each successive development plan. Thus, the tourist industry has been actively encouraged by the authorities. Luxury establishments are developed for wealthy foreigners.

Using your own words explain why tourism supports many small businesses that provide food, lodging, fuel, and other supplies and services. Tourism supports the many small businesses that provide food, lodging, fuel, and other supplies and services.

Вариант 2

Grammar

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

Your English is good. I’m sure you will pass the test tomorrow. 2. Where do you usually go in the evening? 3. Where is Jake? – He is washing the car in the garage. 4. On the 15^th of October 1964 some men tried to get to the top of the Everest. 5. When he was a child he turned on the TV to watch cartoons every morning. 6. I will not go there next year because it costs a lot of money and I can’t afford it. 7. Last year he visited many foreign countries. 8. Can you see what that man is doing? – He mended his bike. 9. I usually cook meals and my brother washes dishes. 10. We will contact you next week.

 

Translate into English using the correct tenses of the verbs.

Он приедет в следующий понедельник? 2. Как часто ты посещаешь новые интересные выставки? 3. Посмотри! Кто-то разбил окно! 4. Послушай! Их сын сейчас играет на пианино. 5. На прошлой неделе почтальон не приносил писем. 6. Я сейчас совсем не чувствую холода.

Will he come next Monday? 2. How often do you visit new interesting exhibitions? 3. Look! Someone has broken the window! 4. Listen! Their son is playing the piano now. 5. The postman did not bring any letters last week. 6. Now I don’t feel cold at all.

 

Translate into English using the correct plural form of nouns.

Осенью листья меняют цвет. 2. В подвале дома есть мыши. Вчера утром у двери я увидел маленькую мышку. 3. Эти работники-французы. 4. Охотники застрелили двух волков. 5. Эта реклама утверждает, что если пользоваться пастой Блендамед, то у вас будут красивые белые зубы.

 

In autumn, the leaves change color. 2. There are mice in the basement of the house. Yesterday morning I saw a little mouse at the door. 3. These workers are French. 4. The hunters shot two wolves. 5. This ad claims that if you use Blendamed paste, you will have beautiful white teeth.

 

Complete the sentences using the most appropriate form of the adjectives in brackets.

The Arctic Ocean is colder than the Indian. 2. It is as cold today as it was yesterday. 3. Who is the most attentive student in your group? 4. This is the most beautiful view I have ever seen. 5. Your handwriting is now better than it was last year. 6. Chinese is more difficult than English. 7. Take some of these sweets: they are very nice. They are nicer than the sweets in that box. 8. She is not so fond of sports as my brother is. 9. He worked harder and harder as the end of the term came nearer. 10. Please be careful next time and don’t spill the milk.

 

Translate into English using the appropriate forms of the pronouns.

Ему холодно. 2. Вчера они сообщили нам эту новость. 3.Расскажите мне о Лондоне. 4. Их никогда нет дома. 5. Позови его к телефону. 6. Это не его сумка, а ее. 7. Ты, случайно, не помнишь его адрес? 8. Где мои очки? Кто-нибудь видел их? 9.Он покажет мне свой дом, а я покажу ему свой. 10. Эта бабочка похожа на цветок. Разве ее крылья не великолепны?

He’s cold. 2. Yesterday they gave us this news. 3. Tell me about London. 4. They are never at home. 5. Call him on the phone. 6. This is not his bag, but hers. 7. Do you, by any chance, remember his address? 8. Where are my glasses? Has anyone seen them? 9. He will show me his house, and I will show him mine. 10. This butterfly looks like a flower. Aren’t her wings gorgeous?

 

Translate into English using the correct tenses of the verbs.

Если ты хорошенько потрудишься, то сдашь экзамен на отлично в этом семестре. 2. Я не понимаю, о чем говорят эти люди, потому что я не знаю английского языка. 3. Твой брат сам починил велосипед или кто-то ему помог? 4. Ты не знаешь телефон Анны? – Я точно не помню, но сейчас поищу в своей записной книжке. 5. Я сидел у окна, когда услышал шум. 6. Мы не знаем нашего нового преподавателя, но мы надеемся увидеть его на следующей неделе. 7. Вчера в девять вечера я смотрел захватывающий боевик об итальянской мафии. 8. Не опоздайте! Концерт начнется в 10 часов. 9. Завтра они собираются работать в саду. 10. После того как он прочитал все письма, он пошел на кухню, чтобы заварить чай.

 

If you work hard, you will pass the exam perfectly this semester. 2. I don’t understand what these people are talking about because I don’t know English. 3. Did your brother fix the bike himself or did someone help him? 4. Do you know Anna’s phone number? “I don’t remember exactly, but now I’ll look in my notebook. 5. I was sitting by the window when I heard the noise. 6. We don’t know our new teacher, but we hope to see him next week. 7. Yesterday at nine in the evening I watched a thrilling action movie about the Italian mafia. 8. Don’t be late! The concert will start at 10 o’clock. 9. Tomorrow they are going to work in the garden. 10. After he had read all the letters, he went to the kitchen to make tea.

 

Reading Comprehension

 

Text 1

Footprints in the sands of time

I do it, you do it, even the ancient Greeks did it. Traveling for pleasure, travelling to experience new places and events, travelling to relax and get away from it all – in other words, tourism.

Ever since man first emerged from his cave-dwelling, it seems he felt the urge to travel. But tourism had to wait for the civilization of ancient Greece before it really got moving. The Olympic Games of 776 BC were the first international tourist event, with people travelling from many countries to watch and take part.

Of course, if you want to travel from A to B, a good road is always an advantage, and we have a lot to thank the Romans for here. During the heyday of the Roman Empire they built thousands of roads. Some of the first people to take advantage of these roads were religious travelers visiting cathedrals, shrines, or holy sites – the word ‘holyday’, after all, originally comes from ‘holy day’. Pilgrims like Geoffrey Chaucer would tell each other stories to entertain themselves on the road. Nowadays we have the in-flight movie – in medieval times they had the Canterbury Tales!

Gradually, more and more people caught the travel bug. At first it was the nobility who set out in the 17^th and 18^th centuries on their Grand Tours – an essential part of every young gentleman’s education. At the same time the upper classes were flocking to spa towns like Bath and Cheltenham. They also enjoyed the healthy pleasures of sea-bathing at Brighton and other resorts.

But it was the developments in transport that really opened up the tourist industry. First there were stagecoaches and coaching inns. Then came steam, and suddenly the world was a smaller place. Steamboats crossed the English Channel, and railways stretched their iron webs across the civilized world. No sooner had the first railways been built in the 1830s than enterprising men like Thomas Cook in England began to exploit their potential by selling organized tours.

With excursions across continental Europe, the building of hotels and resorts to cater for the tastes of the pleasure-seekers, and the introduction of hotel vouchers and travelers’ cheques, the tourist industry in its modern form was born. By the end of 19^th century the middle classes joined the tourist classes, and mass tourism was a reality.

Give Russian equivalents and use them in the sentences of your own:

ancient Greeks, to feel the urge to travel, to entertain oneself, the in-flight movie, to catch the travel bug, to flock to spa towns, to enjoy the healthy pleasures, enterprising men, to exploit the potential, to sell organized tours.

Ancient Greeks were very clever.

I feel the urge to travel.

They entertain themselves.

It is the in-flight movie.

I have caught the travel bug.

They are going to flock to spa towns.

I like to enjoy the healthy pleasures.

They are said to be enterprising men.

In order to exploit the potential they travelled a lot.

He sells organized tours.

древние греки, почувствовать желание путешествовать, развлекаться, смотреть фильмы в полете, получать наслаждение от путешествий, ездить в курортные города, наслаждаться здоровыми удовольствиями, предприимчивые мужчины, использовать потенциал, продавать организованные туры.

Give English equivalents use them in the sentences of your own:

конечно/несомненно, преимущество, расцвет/лучшая пора, сегодня/в наши дни, в средневековые времена, постепенно, важная часть, в то же самое время, купание в море, почтовая карета/дилижанс.

of course / undoubtedly an advantage, prosperity / best time, today / in our days, in medieval times, gradually, an important part, at the same time, swimming in the sea, post carriage / stagecoach.

It is of course an advantage.

It is the best time to travel.

Today we have many opportunities.

In medieval time they fight a lot.

Gradually he managed to do it.

It is an important part of the work.

At the same time he didn’t want to do.

Swimming in the sea is healthy.

Post carriage took it to him.

Write out from the text the whole sentences which contain the words and phrases given below and translate them into Russian:

travelling to experience new places and events, to be the first international tourist event, to take advantage of, it was the developments in transport, to cater for the tastes of the pleasure-seekers.

Traveling for pleasure, travelling to experience new places and events, travelling to relax and get away from it all – in other words, tourism.

The Olympic Games of 776 BC were the first international tourist event, with people travelling from many countries to watch and take part.

Some of the first people to take advantage of these roads were religious travelers visiting cathedrals, shrines, or holy sites – the word ‘holyday’, after all, originally comes from ‘holy day’.

But it was the developments in transport that really opened up the tourist industry.

With excursions across continental Europe, the building of hotels and resorts to cater for the tastes of the pleasure-seekers, and the introduction of hotel vouchers and travelers’ cheques, the tourist industry in its modern form was born.

Путешествовать ради удовольствия, путешествовать, чтобы познакомиться с новыми местами и событиями, путешествовать, чтобы расслабиться и уйти от всего — другими словами, туризм.

Олимпийские игры 776 г. до н.э. были первым международным туристическим событием, в котором люди приезжали из многих стран, чтобы посмотреть и принять в них участие.

Одними из первых, кто воспользовался этими дорогами, были религиозные путешественники, посещавшие соборы, святыни или святые места — в конце концов, слово «праздник» изначально происходит от слова «святой день».

Но именно развитие транспорта действительно открыло туристическую индустрию.

Благодаря экскурсиям по континентальной Европе, строительству отелей и курортов, отвечающих вкусам искателей удовольствий, а также введению гостиничных ваучеров и дорожных чеков, родилась туристическая индустрия в ее современном виде.

Answer the following questions on the text:

What reasons are given for people wanting to travel? They want to see something new.

According to the text, what was the first international tourist event? The Olympic Games of 776 BC were the first international tourist event, with people travelling from many countries to watch and take part.

Who was the first to take advantage of the Roman roads? Some of the first people to take advantage of these roads were religious travelers visiting cathedrals, shrines, or holy sites – the word ‘holyday’, after all, originally comes from ‘holy day’.

Where does the word ‘holyday’ originally come from? The word ‘holyday’, after all, originally comes from ‘holy day’.

How did the pilgrims like Geoffrey Chaucer entertain themselves on the roads? Pilgrims like Geoffrey Chaucer would tell each other stories to entertain themselves on the road.

According to the text, in what way do we entertain ourselves today while flying? We read books.

Why did the nobility set out on their Grand Tours in the 17^th and 18^th centuries? At first it was the nobility who set out in the 17th and 18th centuries on their Grand Tours – an essential part of every young gentleman’s education.

Find four examples of improvements in transport. The transport became faster.

What did Thomas Cook do? No sooner had the first railways been built in the 1830s than enterprising men like Thomas Cook in England began to exploit their potential by selling organized tours.

Why was the introduction of hotel vouchers and traveler’s cheques so important for the development of tourism? With excursions across continental Europe, the building of hotels and resorts to cater for the tastes of the pleasure-seekers, and the introduction of hotel vouchers and travelers’ cheques, the tourist industry in its modern form was born.

 

Text 2

A holiday for all seasons

There’s no need to agonise over where and when to take break next year: there are month-by-month vacation charts suggesting holidays each month to suit all tastes, from beaches, skiing, family and under-25 getaways to cruises and weekend escapes.

Who believes in Santa? Fly across the Arctic Circle to Finnish Lapland to meet him and take a reindeer sleigh ride.

Get next to nature for a close-up view of geysers and glaciers. Reykjavik isn’t cheap but it’s clean – and the sights are stunning.

Tiptoe through the tulips on a Dutch bulb-fields tour. Take in Amsterdam’s canals and the Hague’s museums for more colour and culture.

Join a coastal steamer to discover Norway’s spectacular fjords and fishing villages.

Ski in the morning and go biking, hiking, rafting or play tennis or golf after lunch. A trip to Austria is offered for a week including breakfast, packed lunch and dinner with wine.

Celebrate the arrival of spring with a three-night gala weekend in Paris. A dinner and show at Lido or Moulin Rouge, plus a river cruise, will be provided.

Hail a passing gondola or hop on a water bus for a city tour with a difference. The canals and palaces of Venice give it a unique appeal.

Take a Turkish bath and tour the dazzling Topkapi palace, see Istanbul’s exotic attractions, have cheap shopping and enjoy eating out at excellent restaurants. Spend nights under the stars on a 14-day exploration of the deserts and mountains of Morocco.

Discover the temples, tranquility and superb sandy beaches of Bali, a desirable retreat for romantics, nature lovers and water-sports enthusiasts.

Sail around the Malay Peninsula and southern Thailand aboard a luxury motor yacht.

Camping expeditions may be an inexpensive, fun way of touring the western USA. You will visit San Francisco, the Grand Canyon, Las Vegas.

 

Give Russian equivalents and use them in the sentences of your own:

a holiday for all seasons, to fly across, Finnish, to take a reindeer sleigh ride, to tiptoe through the tulips, Dutch, a bulb-fields tour, the Hague’s museums, to join a coastal steamer, to believe in Santa, Norway’s spectacular fjords, to go biking, hiking, rafting, to celebrate the arrival of spring, a river cruise, to hop on a water bus, a tour with a difference, Venice, aboard a luxury motor yacht, camping expeditions, inexpensive, fun way of touring.

праздник на все времена года, перелететь, финский язык, покататься на оленях, пройтись на цыпочках через тюльпаны, голландский, тур по луковичным полям, музеи Гааги, присоединиться к прибрежному пароходу, поверить в Санту, захватывающий фьорды, катание на велосипеде, походы, рафтинг, празднование прихода весны, речной круиз, прогулка на водном автобусе, необычный тур, Венеция, на борту роскошной моторной яхты, походы в походы, недорогой, увлекательный способ путешествовать.

It is a holiday for all seasons.

He was flying across.

He knows Finnish.

He is going to take a reindeer sleigh ride.

He is to tiptoe through the tulips.

He is Dutch.

He wants to have a bulb-fields tour.

He visited many Hague’s museums.

He wants to join a coastal steamer.

We believe in Santa.

Norway’s spectacular fjords are very beautiful.

He likes to go biking, hiking, rafting.

They are going to celebrate the arrival of spring.

It was a river cruise.

He hopped on a water bus.

They took a tour with a difference.

Venice is very nice!

I went aboard.

I saw a luxury motor yacht.

They are said to have had camping expeditions.

The dress was inexpensive.

It is a fun way of touring.

 

Write out from the text the whole sentences which contain the words and phrases given below and translate them into Russian:

there’s no need to agonise, get next to nature, a trip to Austria is offered, take a Turkish bath, discover the temples, tranquility and superb sandy beaches.

 

Вам не нужно мучиться, гулять на природе, предлагается поездка в Австрию, принять турецкую баню, открыть для себя храмы, спокойствие и превосходные песчаные пляжи.

There’s no need to agonise for people.

Let’s get next to nature!

He was offered a trip to Austria.

He is taking a Turkish bath now.

He discovered the temples, tranquility and superb sandy beaches.

 

 

Answer the following questions trying to use the topical words and phrases:

Why is there no need to agonise over where and when to take break? There’s no need to agonise over where and when to take break next year: there are month-by-month vacation charts suggesting holidays each month to suit all tastes, from beaches, skiing, family and under-25 getaways to cruises and weekend escapes.

According to the text, where can you go if you truly believe in Santa Clause? Fly across the Arctic Circle to Finnish Lapland to meet him and take a reindeer sleigh ride.

What can you do and see in Holland? I can see tulips in Holland.

Name as many types of tourist activities as you can. They can go biking, hiking, rafting or play tennis or golf after lunch.

Why is it advisable to go to Turkey if you are a shopper-addict? It is advisable to go to Turkey if you are a shopper-addict, because there are many clothes there.

Why is Bali considered to be an ideal place for people who seek tranquility? There are the temples, tranquility and superb sandy beaches in Bali, a desirable retreat for romantics, nature lovers and water-sports enthusiasts.