Задание 1. Письменно переведите текст на русский язык. Составьте словарь по прочитанному.

London: a brief history

 

London has nearly 2,000 years of recorded history. It was founded, as Londinium, by the Romans, following their invasion in A.D. 43. They built the first, wooden, bridge and, in A.D. 120, began the construction of the defensive walls, fragments of which can still be seen today. The Romans left in the 5th century and the city was largely abandoned, though by the 8th century it was again a busy trading centre, and in the 11th century it became the capital of England. Edward the Confessor built a palace and abbey at Westminster, thus creating the twin centers which still exist today, the government being based at Westminster while the City, which developed largely within the old walls, is the commercial and financial centre. The Norman period saw the construction of the Tower, old St. Paul’s Cathedral and many churches and monasteries, as well as the first stonebridge over the Thames. Medieval London grew in importance as a trading centre and in 1215, with the sealing by King John of Magna Carta, its citizens won the right to elect their own leader, or Lord Mayor. Rapid growth during the Tudor and Stuart periods led to new building outside the walls in areas such as Lincoln’s Inn and Covent Garden.

The Great Fire of 1666 destroyed three-quarters of the City and, although the rebuilding followed the Medieval street plan, the old timer houses were replaced by buildings of brick in order to reduce any future fire risk. Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt St. Paul’s Cathedral and designed 51 new churches, of which 23 still stand. In the 18th century new wealth created by trade and investment led to further expansion into areas such as Mayfair, though the poor continued to live in appalling conditions. During the 19th century London spread rapidly into the suburbs, swallowing up villages and countryside, and new forms of transport were developed, such as buses and railways, including the underground railway system. Britain was then at the height of her Imperial powers, and this confidence is expressed in buildings such as the Houses of Parliament and St. Pancras Station. Large areas of London were destroyed by bombs during the Second World War and the rebuilding that followed was of mixed quality. Like all great cities, London refuses to stand still and new, often controversial, buildings continue to appear alongside the heritage of past centuries, mirroring the way the needs of the modern city co-exist with the traditions and pageantry of the past.

 

Лондон: краткая история

 

История Лондона насчитывает почти 2000 лет. Он был основан как Лондиниум римлянами после их вторжения в 43 г. н. Э. Они построили первый деревянный мост, а в 120 г. н. Э. Начали строительство оборонительных стен, фрагменты которых можно увидеть и сегодня. Римляне уехали в 5 веке, и город был в значительной степени заброшен, хотя к 8 веку он снова стал оживленным торговым центром, а в 11 веке стал столицей Англии. Эдуард Исповедник построил дворец и аббатство в Вестминстере, создав таким образом центры-близнецы, которые существуют до сих пор, правительство базируется в Вестминстере, а город, который развивался в основном в старых стенах, является коммерческим и финансовым центром. В нормандский период были построены Башня, старый собор Святого Павла и множество церквей и монастырей, а также был построен первый каменный мост через Темзу. Средневековый Лондон стал важным торговым центром, и в 1215 году, с запечатыванием королем Джоном Великой хартии вольностей, его граждане получили право избирать своего лидера, или лорд-мэра. Быстрый рост во времена Тюдоров и Стюартов привел к появлению нового здания за стенами в таких местах, как Lincoln’s Inn и Covent Garden.

Великий пожар 1666 года уничтожил три четверти города, и, хотя реконструкция следовала средневековому плану улиц, старые дома были заменены зданиями из кирпича, чтобы снизить риск возникновения пожаров в будущем. Сэр Кристофер Рен перестроил собор Святого Павла и спроектировал 51 новую церковь, 23 из которых сохранились до сих пор. В 18 веке новое богатство, созданное торговлей и инвестициями, привело к дальнейшей экспансии в такие районы, как Мэйфэр, хотя бедные продолжали жить в ужасающих условиях. В течение 19 века Лондон быстро распространился на пригороды, поглощая деревни и сельскую местность, и были разработаны новые виды транспорта, такие как автобусы и железные дороги, включая подземную железную дорогу. В то время Британия была на пике своего имперского могущества, и эта уверенность выражается в таких зданиях, как здание парламента и вокзал Сент-Панкрас. Большие площади Лондона были разрушены бомбами во время Второй мировой войны, и последующее восстановление было неоднозначным. Как и все крупные города, Лондон отказывается стоять на месте, и новые, часто вызывающие споры, здания продолжают появляться вместе с наследием прошлых веков, отражая то, как потребности современного города сосуществуют с традициями и зрелищем прошлого.

СЛОВАРЬ

History — история

Found — основать

Walls — стены

city — город

largely — во многом

build – строить

palace — дворец

abbey — аббатство

government — правительство

construction — сооружение

monastery — монастырь

importance — важность

trading centre — торговый центр

growth — рост

replace — заменить

brick — кирпич

Задание 2. Choose the right word.

 

1. Have you got (some/any) time free on Wednesday afternoon?

2. There’s (something/anything) strange about the way Pete’s acting today.

3. Nobody can find out (something/anything) about when the exams will bee.

4. Is there (something/anything) we should bring to the meeting?

5. (Some/ Any) of Laura’s friends were at the party last night.

6. Shall I bring you (something/anything) to read while you wait?

7. I had three sets of house keys, and I can not find (some/any) of them now.

8. Hardly (some/any) of the smaller cars have enough leg room for Jill.

9. Do you know if (some/any) of the Morrises are coming on Sunday?

10. Can I get you (some/any) coffee? I’ve just made (some/any).

11. She refuses to have (something/anything) to do with her family now.

12. I haven’t done (some/any) revision for the exam — I know I’ll fail.

13. If there’s (some/any) soup left, could you put it in the fridge, please?

14. I doubt that there’s (something/anything) we can do.

15. Never trust (someone/anyone) who has a perfectly tidy desk.

16. Helen can ride a bike without (some/any) help now.

17. Has Eve got (some/any) brothers or sisters, do you know?

18. Harriet has got (some/any) beautiful jewelry, but she never wears it.

 

 

Задание 3. Fill each gap with a suitable collective noun.

 

1. There are flocks of mosquitoes in the forests in Scandinavia in the summer.

2. As we looked over the side of the boat, we saw a showl of brightly coloured fish.

3. There was a crowd of youths standing on the corner; they didn’t look very friendly.

4. You’ll see a deck of cards on the bookshelf. Will you fetch them for me, please?

5. A pair of biologists is studying marine life in this area.

6. Look at the host of birds on that tree. Both of them have beautiful markings. I wonder what they are?

7. Could you put a couple of spoons of sugar in this coffee for me, please? It’s very bitter. Yes, just two, that’s fine. Thanks.

 

Задание 4. Match idioms in A with their definitions in B.

A

B

1. When someone is behind bars, they are in prison. 2. If someone is in the dock, they are on a trial in court. 3. If someone is on the case, they’re dealing with a problem. 4. When someone is serving time, they are in prison. 5. If people take no prisoners, they do things in a very aggressive way.   6. If people are as thick as thieves, they are very close friends. 7. If someone is a cat burglar, they are skillful thieves who break into places without disturbing people. 8. If someone makes a killing, they do something once that makes them a lot of money. 9. If someone is making big bucks, they are making a lot of money.

a) they are on a trial in court. b) they do things in a very aggressive way. c) they are in prison. (1) d) they are very close friends. e) they are skillful thieves who break into places without disturbing people. f) they’re dealing with a problem. g) they are making a lot of money. h) they do something once that makes them a lot of money.

 

Задание 5. Write the answers to the following questions.

1. Which is larger, Great Britain or the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom is larger.

2. Which adjective is used to refer to the people of the United Kingdom? English is used to refer to the people of the United Kingdom.

3. Is the Irish Republic part of Britain? Yes, it is.

4. Which is larger, Scotland or Wales? Scotland is larger.

5. What are the capitals of Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic? Edinburgh is a capital of Scotland, Cardiff is a capital of Wales, Belfast is a capital of Northern Ireland and Dublin is a capital of the Irish Republic.

6. What island lies between England and Northern Ireland? The largest of the other islands are to be found in the Hebrides, Orkney and Shetland to the north, Anglesey and the Isle of Man between Great Britain and Ireland, and the Channel Islands near the coast of France.

7. Which city do Cockneys come from? Cockneys come from London.

8. What is the correct adjective to use for people from Scotland? Scottish is the correct adjective to use for people from Scotland

9. What river(s) does the city Oxford lie on? The city Oxford lies on Thames.

10. Which sea lies to the east of England and Scotland? North Sea lies to the east of England and Scotland.

 

Задание 6. Amy is writing a blog for her friends and family as she travels around Australia. Use the present simple, present continuous, past simple or past continuous of the verbs in the box to complete the extract.

 

In 1-10 use:

arrive feel (1) get go know spend text wait write

 

In 11-20 use:

ask complain enjoy get (not) get on hear look (1) seem start

 

I (1) am writing this blog in a hotel room in Perth. I (2) got here a couple of hours ago after a long coach journey from Adelaide. I (3) feel pretty tired so this will only be a short post before I (4) went to sleep. As you (5) know, I (6) spent last week in Adelaide with Ruby. I (7) texted her a month or so ago to tell her when I would be arriving, and she (8) was waiting at the airport for me when I (9) arrived there. For the first few days I (10) felt quite jet-lagged, but I soon (11) got over that after a few days of lazing around on the beach. Ruby (12) enjoyed living in Adelaide a lot, although she (13) is looking for a new job just now. It (14) seems that she (15) looks very well with her colleagues. Apparently they constantly (16) complain about the working conditions and it (17) starts to annoy Ruby. She (18) asked me to pass on her best wishes to all her old friends. So now I (19) am getting on forward to exploring Perth. I (20) heard it’s a wonderful place. I’ll post again soon.

 

Amy

 

Задание 7. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.

 

1. What I appreciate most about my grandfather is his wisdom. His advice is always sensible and helpful (SENSE) (HELP)

2. Never go to Sue with a serious problem. She’s very matured and totally sensible to other people’s feelings. (MATURE) (SENSE)

3. I think that boxing is a sensitive sport. What is the point of trying to hit another person until they are consciousless (SENSE) (CONSCIOUS)

4. What I like about Tom is his jokes. They make me help with laughter. (HELP)

5. We’d been walking along the useful railway track for hours before we realized that the map was out-of-date and useless (USE) (USE)

6. The only thing poverty leads to is happiness and literature (HAPPY) (LITERATURE)

7. My aunt isn’t fond of today’s children. She thinks that they are all respectful and polite (POLITE) (RESPECT)

8. The pleasure that reading brings is measurement (MEASURE)

9. Задание 8. Match a phrasal verb in A with a definition in B.

 

A	B
show off -boast find out discover doze off fall asleep hold on arrive speak up talk louder set off wait blow up — explode settle down — be quiet turn up stop burning own up have a calmer, more stable life cheer up be happier go out — begin a journey shut up admit responsibility stay in — not go out, stay at home

 

Задание 9. Put the correct preposition into each gap.

 

1. Are you afraid of the dark?

2. She was angry with me for not telling her the news.

3. Canterbury is famous for its cathedral.

4. Bill is jealous of me because I’m cleverer than him.

5. I’m very proud of my two daughters.

6. I’m disappointed with you. I thought I could trust you.

7. You’re very different from your brother. I thought I could trust you.

8. Are you excited of going on holiday?

9. Visitors to Britain aren’t used to driving on the left.

10. Visitors to hot countries need to be aware of the risk of malaria.

11. You should be ashamed of what you did.

12. I am most grateful for all your help.

13. Who is responsible for this mess?

14. My son is crazy about a pop group called Hanson.

15. What’s wrong with you? You don’t look well.

Задание 10*¹ Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.

 

1. The play was so good that she went back to see it again.

It was such a good play that she went back to see it again.

2. Nelly and I haven’t seen each other for two years.

It’s two years they haven’t seen each other.

3. Although she had terrible pains in her legs, Ann climbed the mountain.

In spite of having terrible pains in her legs, Ann climbed the mountain.

4. You’re allowed to eat at the restaurant without wearing a tie.

You don’t have to wear a tie while eating at the restaurant.

5. I’m not going to go to the dance because I haven’t got a partner.

If I don’t have a partner, I will not go to the dance.

6. It wasn’t possible for them to get home because of the floods.

The floods make them to stay at home.

7. She finds it strange to stay at home all day.

She is not used to stay at home all day.

8. I go to the dentist less often than I should.

I don’t go to a dentist unless I have a pain.

9. I regret not keeping in touch with her.

I wish I kept in touch with her.

10. ‘I’m sorry I broke the vase,’ Michael said to his neighbour.

Michael apologized for having broken the vase.

 

 

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^* задание повышенной сложности. Обязательно к выполнению.