Отметьте существительные во множественном числе.

1) babies, 2) postmen, 3) tooth, 4) phenomena, 5) man, 6) shelf, 7) children, 8) woman, 9) time, 10) watch, 11) geese, 12) mouse, 13) oxen, 14) information, 15) mice, 16) progress, 17) leaves, 18) nature, 19) feet.

Выбеpите пpавильное местоимение.

1. Jane’s hair is longer than … .
2. a) my      b) mine      c) him          d) our
3. I have got a sister. … name is Mary.
4. a) my      b) her          c) she           d) his
5. Nobody helped me. So I had to do it … .
6. a) self       b) myself    c) meself      d) me
7. Jack has got a cat. It can wash … .
8. a) it         b) itself         c) himself     d) myself
9. His dog is clever. He is fond of … .
10. a) it         b) itself         c) himself     d) myself
11. I know her and … sister.
12. a) her      b) she          c) hers           d) herself
13. … dress is too expensive for me.
14. a) this       b) these        c) those         d) it
15. He told me everything about … .
16. a) this       b) these        c) it                d) he
17. … children are mine.
18. a) these     b) that          c) this            d) it
19. He’s a grown up. He can take care of … .
20. a) him           b) his           c) himself       d) he

 

III. Выбеpите пpавильный ваpиант.

1. Her baby is … than mine.
2. a) less    b) smaller
3. Kiev is … than Kursk.
4. a) farther           b) farthest
5. Tom is their … son.
6. a) older b) elder
7. The situation changed from bad to … .
8. a) well   b) worse
9. Her husband is twice as … as she is.
10. a) old   b) older
11. The more she knew this man the … she liked him.
12. a) little     b) less
13. I have never seen such a … man!
14. a) higher    b) high        c) tall             d) the tallest
15. A … wind is blowing!
16. a) stronger   b) strong     c) strongest     d) small
17. He could open the lock … .
18. a) easy     b) easily      c) most easy    d) easiest
19. She thinks he’s … man in the world.
20. a) a smart   b) smarter    c) smartest      d) the smartest

 

II. Прочитайте тексты без помощи словаря и выполните письменно задания к текстам

 

The Swan of Avon.

In April 1564 a son was born to John and Mary Shakespeare at Henley Street, Stratford-upon-Avon. His mother was the daughter of Robert Arden, an important farmer in Warwickshire. His father was a rich citizen whose business was making and selling leather gloves.

While still a teenager of nineteen, William married Anne Hathaway, a farmer’s daughter some years older than himself. We don’t know how he earned his living these early years. He may have helped his father in the family business or he may have been a country schoolmaster for a time. During these years his three children were born: Susannah, Hamnet (not Hamlet) and Judith.

In 1587 Shakespeare went to work in London, leaving Anne and the children at home. One story says this is because he killed some deer which belonged to a rich landowner nearby, and that he had to run away from the law. Shakespeare soon began to act and write plays. By 1592 he was an important member of a well-known acting company, and in 1599 the famous Globe theatre was built on the south bank of the river Thames. It was in this theatre that most of his plays were performed and, like all Elizabethan theatres, it was a round building with the stage in the centre open to the sky. By 1603, the year when Queen Elizabeth I died, Shakespeare was already the leading poet and dramatist of his time. He continued to write for the next ten years, but in 1613 he finally stopped writing and went to live in Stratford where he died in 1616. He is buried in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon.

1. Shakespeare’s father was …
2. a) an important farmer.     b) making and selling leather gloves.
3. an important figure in English literature. d) the son of an important farmer.
4. How did Shakespeare earn his living his early years?
5. a) He helped his father in the family business. b)He was a country schoolmaster.
6. We don’t know how he earned his living these years. d)He wrote plays.
7. Shakespeare went to work in London…
8. a) while still a teenager of nineteen. b) in 1592.
9. c) when his three children were born. d) in 1587.
10. Содержанию текста соответствует предложение:
11. Shakespeare’s son’s name was Hamlet. False.
12. The famous Globe theatre was built on the west bank of the river Thames. False.
13. The Globe was the theatre where most of Shakespeare’s plays were performed. True.
14. Shakespeare went on writing until he died in 1616. False.
15. Shakespeare became the leading poet and dramatist of his time…
16. by the year when Queen Elizabeth I died. b) by 1592.

c) by 1599.                                                                                  d) by 1616.

Jack London

Jack London is an American novelist, short-story writer, essayist, journalist, and dramatist.

He was born in San Francisco in 1876. His father abandoned¹ him shortly after birth and London took the name of his stepfather. Because of his family’s poor condition², London was forced to leave school at the age of fourteen and find work. In his spare time he attempted³ to further his education by reading the works of Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Rudyard Kipling, and others. He joined the Klondike gold rush⁴ of 1898 returning to San Francisco penniless, but with a wealth of memories which provided the raw material for his first stories.  “The Call of the Wild” and “White Fang” explore the struggle⁵ between the conflicting calls of barbarity and civilization. As a correspondent for various magazines London travelled to the Far East during the Russo-Japanese war, through the South Pacific in a leaking ketch⁶, and to the slums⁷ of England. These experiences provided the material for many of his books. London became the highest-paid writer of his day, earning more than a million dollars. He was an extremely disciplined craftsman and each day he wrote at least one thousand words. The paradoxes of London’s fiction mirrored the contradictions⁸ of his personal and political life.

He died in 1916. London is an important figure in American literature for establishing “a middle ground”, in Labor’s words, “between the gutter⁹ and the drawing room

1. abandon – оставить, бросить
2. condition – положение, состояние
3. attempt – пытаться
4. gold rush – золотая лихорадка
5. struggle – борьба
6. ketch – кеч (парусное судно)
7. slums – трущобы
8. contradiction – противоречие
9. gutter – сточная канава; низы общества

 

Отметьте знаком «+» предложения, соответствующие содержанию текста, и знаком «-» предложения, не соответствующие содержанию текста.

1. Jack London is an English writer. —
2. His family wasn’t rich. +
3. Jack London didn’t finish school. +
4. After joining the Klondike gold rush Jack London became a very rich man. —
5. Jack London travelled much. +
6. In his novels he described the world of rich people. —

 

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What is Jack London? Jack London is an American novelist, short-story writer, essayist, journalist, and dramatist.
2. When and where was he born? He was born in San Francisco in 1876.
3. Why did he leave school at the age of fourteen? Because of his family’s poor condition, London was forced to leave school at the age of fourteen and find work.
4. What did he do in his spare time? In his spare time he attempted to further his education by reading the works of Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, Rudyard Kipling, and others.
5. When did he begin to write books? He joined the Klondike gold rush of 1898 returning to San Francisco penniless, but with a wealth of memories which provided the raw material for his first stories. “
6. Where did he get the material for his books?As a correspondent for various magazines London travelled to the Far East during the Russo-Japanese war, through the South Pacific in a leaking ketch, and to the slums7 of England. These experiences provided the material for many of his books.
7. Was Jack London an important figure in American literature? Yes, he is. London is an important figure in American literature.

 

III Выполните письменный перевод текстов (5000 печ. знаков)

 

American Family Trends

The traditional American family consisting of a husband, wife and children is becoming less and less frequent. More people who are not legally married are living together. More and more children are being raised in single-parent families, by both poor women and by women who are professionally employed. Others postpone marriage and childbirth and as a consequence bear fewer children than women who marry earlier. In 1990 the size of the average American family was 3-2 individuals.

Marriages are either civil or performed in the church. Marriage has a legal foundation which means that a Registry Office has a record of it and it carries certain economic rights. When getting married both parties sign the document of marriage, that is, a marriage certificate.

Young people rarely live with their parents. Usually, upon graduation from high school children move out of the family home. To reduce expenses young people frequently rent apartments or a house. Usually two to five young people rent an apartment or a house together and share other expenses.

While young people are getting married later in life, the divorce rate is increasing. Roughly 50% of all marriages in the United States now end in divorce. In cases of divorce the financial support required from the bread-winner will vary from case to case and if agreement is not possible between the two parties the court will decide. The cheapest way of getting a divorce is through the no-fault system, that is, two parties come to an agreement between themselves about the distribution of property. If there is no agreement then each hires a lawyer and the divorce will be very costly, up to $25,000 and more for legal fees alone.

The most ominous trend in American society is the increasingly high number of children being born to unmarried young people in poverty who are being raised without fathers. Two-thirds of black children are now being born in fatherless households. Undoubtedly these children are destined to add to the number of those in poverty and to those involved in delinquency and crime.

 

Американские семейные традиции

Традиционная американская семья, состоящая из мужа, жены и детей, становится все большей редкостью. Больше людей, которые не состоят в законном браке, живут вместе. Все больше и больше детей воспитываются в семьях с одним родителем, как бедными женщинами, так и женщинами, которые работают. Другие откладывают брак и роды и, как следствие, имеют меньше детей, чем женщины, которые вступают в брак ранее. В 1990 году средняя американская семья состояла из 3-2 человек.

Браки, не важно гражданский он или нет, заключается церкви. Брак имеет юридическую основу, что означает, что он зарегистрирован в ЗАГСе и он дает определенные экономические права. При заключении брака обе стороны подписывают документ о браке, то есть свидетельство о браке.

Молодые люди редко живут со своими родителями. Как правило, после окончания учебы старшеклассники уезжают из семейного дома. Чтобы сократить расходы, молодые люди часто снимают квартиры или дом. Обычно от двух до пяти молодых людей арендуют квартиру или дом вместе и делят другие расходы.

В то время как молодые люди вступают в брак позже, уровень разводов увеличивается. Примерно 50% всех браков в Соединенных Штатах теперь заканчиваются разводом. Если в случае развода финансовая поддержка, требуемая от кормильца, будет происходить от случая к случаю, и если между двумя сторонами не будет достигнуто соглашение, то решение суд примет решение. Самый дешевый способ получить развод — через такой способ, когда две стороны договариваются между собой о распределении собственности. Если соглашение не достигнуто, каждый нанимает адвоката, и развод будет очень дорогостоящим, до 25 000 долларов США и более для оплаты государственной пошлины.

Самой зловещей тенденцией в американском обществе является все большее число детей, рождающихся от незамужних молодых людей в нищете, без отцов. Две трети черных детей теперь рождаются в семьях без отца. Несомненно, этим детям суждено присоедигиться к числу бедняков и лиц, занимающихся преступностью и преступностью.

Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens was born in the family of a poor clerk in 1812. There were eight children in the family and Charles was the second. In 1821 the family moved to London. Life was hard for poor people in the capital of Great Britain. Charles’ father could not get any work there for a long time and was taken to prison for debts. Little Charles at ten had to go to work in a factory. The boy washed bott­les and worked from early morning till late at night.

Dickens described this period of his childhood in the novel «Da­vid Copperfield». When his father came out of prison, Charles was sent to school and stayed there for three years. He learned foreign languages and studied literature. At fifteen Charles left school and worked in a lawyer’s office. He studied shorthand at that time and soon took up the work of a parliamentary reporter to a London news­paper. This work led to journalism and journalism to novel writing.

In 1836 he published his first book «Sketches by Boz». Then fol­lowed «The Pickwick Papers», «Oliver Twist» and «Nicholas Nickleby». Dickens described the hard life at schools and workhouses for home­less children.

In his novels Charles Dickens touched upon the most important social problems, and always took the side of poor people. His books are translated into many languages and are read all over the world.

 

Чарльз Диккенс

Чарльз Диккенс родился в семье бедного клерка в 1812 году. В семье было восемь детей, а Чарльз был вторым. В 1821 году семья переехала в Лондон. Жизнь была тяжелой для бедных людей в столице Великобритании. Отец Чарльза долгое время не мог там работать и попал в тюрьму за долги. Маленький Чарльз в десять лет должен был работать на фабрике. Мальчик мыл бутылки и работал с раннего утра до поздней ночи.

Диккенс описал этот период своего детства в романе «Дэвид Копперфильд». Когда его отец вышел из тюрьмы, Чарльза отправили в школу и он там пробыл три года. Он изучал иностранные языки и литературу. В пятнадцать лет Чарльз ушел школу и работал в адвокатской конторе. В то время он изучал стенографию и вскоре работал парламентским репортером в лондонской газете. Эта работа привела к журналистике, а журналистику к написанию романов.

В 1836 году он опубликовал свою первую книгу «Эскизы Боз». Затем вышли «Пиквикские документы», «Оливер Твист» и «Николас Никльби». Диккенс описал тяжелую жизнь в школах и рабочих домах для бездомных детей.

В своих романах Чарльз Диккенс затронул самые важные социальные проблемы и всегда принимал сторону бедных людей. Его книги переведены на многие языки и их читают во всем мире.

 

Oscar Wilde 

Oscar Wilde was born in Dublin on October 16, 1854.His father was a famous Irish surgeon. His mother was well known in Dublin as a writer of verse and prose. At school, and later at Oxford, Oscar displayed gift for art and the humanities.

While at the university, Wilde became one of the most famous personalities of the day: he wore his hair long, decorated his room with different beautiful things. His witty sayings were well known among the students. After graduating from university, Wilde turned his attention to writing, travelling and lecturing. His most famous works appeared over the next ten years. The most popular are «The Happy Prince and Other Tales», «The Picture of Dorian Gray», «The Importance of Being Earnest».

Wilde also wrote poems, essays, reviews, letters. He attracted the attention of his audiences by the brilliance of his conversation, his knowledge, and the force of his personality.

In his works, especially in his tales, he glorifies beauty, and not only the beauty of nature or artificial beauty, but the beauty of devoted love. He admires unselfishness, kindness and generosity («The Happy Prince», «The Nightingale and the Rose») and despises egoism and greed («The Selfish Giant», «The Devoted Friend»). The theme of most of his works, even of his tales, is quite realistic. He shows the contrast between wealth and poverty. His own sympathy for poor, labouring people is quite evident.

At the height of his popularity and success, tragedy struck. He was accused of immorality and sentenced to two years’ imprisonment. When released from prison in 1897, he lived mainly on the Continent, settling later in Paris. He died in Paris in 1990.

 

Оскар Уайлд

Оскар Уайльд родился в Дублине 16 октября 1854 года. Его отец был известным ирландским хирургом. Его мать была хорошо известна в Дублине как писательница стихов и прозы. В школе, а затем в Оксфорде, Оскар получил подарок в области искусства и гуманитарных наук.

В то время в университете Уайльд стал одной из самых известных личностей того дня: он долго носил волосы, украшал комнату разными красивыми вещами. Его остроумные высказывания были хорошо известны среди студентов. После окончания университета Уайльд обратил внимание на письмо, путешествия и чтение лекций. Его самые известные работы появились в течение следующих десяти лет. Самыми популярными были «Счастливый принц и другие сказки», «Картина Дориана Грея», «Как важно быть серьезным».

Уайльд также писал стихи, эссе, обзоры, письма. Он привлек внимание своих зрителей благодаря блеску своего разговора, своим знаниям и силе своей личности.

В своих работах, особенно в своих рассказах, он прославляет красоту, и не только красоту природы или искусственную красоту, а и красоту преданной любви. Он восхищается бескорыстием, добротой и щедростью («Счастливый принц», «Соловей и роза») и презирает эгоизм и жадность («Эгоистичный гигант», «Преданный друг»). Тема большинства его работ, даже его рассказов, вполне реалистична. Он показывает контраст между богатством и нищетой. Его собственное сочувствие к бедным, трудящимся людям совершенно очевидно.

На пике популярности и успеха произошла трагедия. Его обвинили в безнравственности и приговорили к двум годам тюремного заключения. Когда он был освобожден из тюрьмы в 1897 году, он жил в основном на Континенте, поселившись позже в Париже. Он умер в Париже в 1990 году.

 

John Constable

English landscape painter John Constable’s father was a corn merchant who owned Flatford Mill in East Anglia. He expected his son to continue the successful family business, but John did not seem happy. So his father allowed him to train as an artist and at the age of 23 John began at the Royal Academy School in London.

Constable devoted himself almost entirely to landscape painting. Unlike a lot of earlier landscape artists, who painted pleasant but imaginary scenes, Constable chose to show real places under differing conditions of light and weather. He caught the movement of clouds, and the drama of storms, painting with vigorous strokes of the brush. Most of all he enjoyed painting the places he knew and loved best, particularly Suffolk countryside. Although Constable was not a popular painter until after his death, his posthumous biography by C.R.Leslie assured his fame, and led to a good deal of interest in his work in the fol­lowing decades.

 

Джон Констебл

Английский художник-пейзажист Джон Констебль был кузнецом, владевшим Флэтфорд Милл в Восточной Англии. Он ожидал, что его сын продолжит успешный семейный бизнес, но Джон не выглядел счастливым. Поэтому его отец позволил ему учиться на художника, и в возрасте 23 лет Джон начал учиться в Королевской академии в Лондоне.

Констебль почти полностью посвятил себя пейзажной живописи. В отличие от многих более ранних художников-пейзажистов, которые рисовали приятные, но воображаемые сцены, Констебль решил показать реальные места в разных условиях света и погоды. Он поймал движение облаков и драму бурь, рисуя энергичными ударами кисти. Больше всего ему нравилось рисовать места, которые он знал и любил больше всего, особенно в сельской местности Саффолк. Хотя Констебль не был популярным художником до своей смерти, его посмертная биография, написанная К.Р.Лесли, обеспечила ему известность и вызвала большой интерес к его работам в последующие десятилетия.

 

Контрольная работа 2. Ваpиант 1

Выбеpите пpавильную фоpму глагола.

1. She … in the suburbs of Moscow.
2. a) live      b) lives        c) living
3. Mr. Smith stayed at his office very late because he … a lot of work.
4. a) has     b) have        c) will have           d) had
5. We … them next weekend.
6. a) visited    b) visit         c) shall visit          d) have visited
7. When he came, they … dinner.
8. a) will have b) have        c) were having     d) are having
9. We … watching TV at that time yesterday.
10. a) was     b) were        c) will be               d) are
11. Look out of the window. It … hard.
12. a) rains     b) is raining          c) will rain
13. I … all  my exams in June.
14. a) have passed   b) passed              c) am passing
15. I … my exams and can have a good time now.
16. a) have passed      b) passed               c) am passing
17. I … my exams in June and go to the seaside with you.
18. a) have passed     b) passed              c) shall pass
19. We … her at the Institute yesterday.
20. a) saw         b) have seen

 

II. Choose the proper form of Active or Passive Voice.

1. The Queen of England … by Guards in sentry boxes outside Buckingham Palace.
2. a) are protected b) protects             c) is protected
3. London … on the river Thames.
4. a) is situated b) situate               c) situated
5. Thousands of tourists … the Tower of London every year.
6. a) visit b) are visited         c) are visiting
7. Great Britain … by the North Sea.
8. a) washes b) is washed         c) washed
9. The White Tower … between 1078 and 1098.
10. a) was built b) build                 c) is being built
11. Windsor Castle is the largest castle in the world that … in.
12. a) is lived b) is living             c) lives
13. Trafalgar Square … as a meeting place for rallies.
14. a) use b) is used              c) is using
15. The Prime Minister of England and his Government … matters of state at the Houses of Parliament.
16. a) is discussed b) discuss              c) are discussed
17. Big Ben is the name of the huge bell that … the hours in the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament.
18. a) is struck b) strikes              c) was struck
19. Piccadilly Circus … once as the centre of the British Empire.
20. a) was known b) knew       c) are known

 

III Разберите предложения по составу. Задайте все возможные вопросы к предложению

She (местоимение) kept (глагол) the (артикль) list (существительное) in (предлог) the (артикль) little (прилагательное) red (прилагательное) book (существительное) last (прилагательное) time (существительное).

She kept the list in the little red book last time, didn’t she?

Did she keep the list in the little red book last time?

Did she keep the list in the little red book or in the white book last time?

Who kept the list in the little red book last time?

Where did she keep the list last time?

Прочитайте тексты без помощи словаря и выполните письменно задания к текстам

LONDON

London is one of the oldest and most interest­ing cities in the world. It was founded by the Romans in 43 AD and called Londinium. London dominates the life of Britain. It is the capital of the UK, it’s political, economic, commercial, manufacturing and cultural centre and a big port. There is little heavy industry in London, but there is a wide range of light industry in Greater London.

London is situated on the both banks of the River Themes, it is the largest city in Britain and one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is about 8 million people. Traditionally London is divided into several parts. They are the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End.

The City extends over an area of about 2.6 square kilometers in the heart of London. It is a financial and business centre of London. There are a lot of banks, offices and firms there. For example, the Bank of England, the Stock Exchange and the Old Bailey. But the City is also a market for goods of almost every kind, from all parts of the world. Few people live here but over a mil­lion people come to the City to work. There are some interesting places in the City. They are the Tower of London and one of the greatest English Churches — St. Paul’s Cathedral.

Westminster is the historical and political centre of London. There you can see Westminster Abbey, Westminster Palace or the Houses of Parliament and Buckingham Palace. Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.

Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London.

The West End is the richest and most beautiful part of London. Here are the historical places as well as the famous parks. The most beautiful London park – Hyde Park – is situated in this district too. Among other parks are Kensington Gardens, St. James Park. The best-known streets here are Whitehall with important Government offices, Downing Street, the London residence of the Prime Minister and the place where the Cabinet meets, Fleet Street where most newspapers once had their offices, Harley Street where the highest-paid doctors live, etc. The name “the West End” came to be associated with wealth, luxury and goods of high quality. It is the area of the largest department stores, cinemas and hotels. There are about 40 theatres, several concert halls, many museums including the British Museum, and the best art galleries.

The port of London is to the east of the City. This is the East End of London, formerly unattractive in appearance, but now changing because of introduction of new industries and very expensive housing. The East End is the poorest district of London. There are a lot of factories, workshops and docks there. The streets are narrow, the buildings are unimpressive.

London is famous for its wonderful places of interest such as Big Ben, the British Museum, the Tower of London, which is 900 years old, and Tower Bridge, Piccadilly Circus, the National History Mu­seum, Madame Tussaud’s Museum, Windsor and many others. All of them have a long history.

 

to found – основывать                                 to burn — гореть

baker – пекарь                                                to destroy — разрушать

to rebuild — вос­становить                                   to surround [sə’raund] — окружать

suburb [‘sΛbə:b] — пригород                           goods — товары

wealth — богатство                                          luxury [‘lΛk∫ərı] — роскошь

narrow — узкий                                                 unimpressive — невпечатля­ющий

 

Read the first part of the sentence in A and find the second part in B.

A                                                                    B

1.The West End is the symbol of …             … the largest city in Europe. 1

2.The East End is densely populated by …  … the Romans in 43 AD.2

3.On Saturday, 2^nd September, 1666 …          … the heart of London.3

4.The British Prime Minister lives …           … wealth and luxury.4

5.London was founded by …                        … the official residence of the Queen.5

6.Traditionally London is divided into …    … working class families.6

7.London is one of the largest cities in the    … the City, Westminster, the West 7

world  and…                                                           End and the East End.

8.Buckingham Palace is …                            … at number 10, Downing Street.8

9.The City is …                                             … the Great Fire of London took place.10

 

1. 4
2. 6
3. 9
4. 8
5. 2
6. 7
7. 1
8. 5
9. 3

 

Answer the questions.

2. What is the population of London? Its population is about 8 million people.
3. When was London founded? It was founded by the Romans in 43 AD and called Londinium.
4. How many parts is London traditionally divided  into?         They are the City, Westminster, the West End and the East End.
5. What part is the heart of London? City is the heart of London.
6. What is there in the City? There are some interesting places in the City. They are the Tower of London and one of the greatest English Churches — St. Paul’s Cathedral.
7. Where is the official residence of the Queen? Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen.
8. Where does the British Prime Minister live? Downing Street is the London residence of the Prime Minister.
9. What part of London is the symbol of wealth and luxury? West End is the symbol of wealth and luxury.
10. What is the central square of London? Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of London.
11. What is there in the East End?

• What places of interest do you know? They are the Tower of London and one of the greatest English Churches — St. Paul’s Cathedral.                         

 

WASHINGTON, D.C.

Washington is the capital of the United States of America. It is situated in the District of Columbia.  It’s the world largest city. The population of the city is 900,000 people. Almost every public building, art gallery or government office you may want to see is in the North West quadrant; the other-quadrants are largely residential.

Washington was named after the first US president George Washington. He selected the place for the capital. It was founded in 1790. Since 1800 Washington D. C. has been the federal capital. The French engi­neer, Pierre L’Enfant, designed the city.

Washington is humid year round because it, sits between two rivers, the Potomac and Anacostia. Washington shares the sweaty summers of Louisianna and the windy cold of the Northwest. One sea­son, however, has to be seen Washington’s cherry blossom time. Several thousand of these cherry-trees were given to Washington in 1912 by the City of Tokyo.

Washington was created to be the seat of government, of the USA.  Washington’s only industry is government. The White House, where the US President lives and works, the Capitol, the home of the US Congress, and the Supreme Court, are all in Washington, D.C.  It is said that some three-quarters of the adult population in Washington, D.C., are wholly or indirectly in the administrative machine and the general process of government; they are either politicians, or civil servants, or suppliers of goods and services to such people.  The city lacks a sufficiently large arid sell-sustaining life of its own apart from politics.

Washing­ton D. C. isn’t like other cities of the USA. Washington is one of the most beautiful and unusual cities in the US. It has long wide avenues, gardens, beautiful parks. In the very centre of it the huge dome of the Capi­tol rises. The 535 members of the Congress meet here to discuss the nation’s affairs. It’s easy to get lost in these huge buildings, full of paintings and statues. The building got its name from the temple in Rome. The Capitol consists of a central building crowned by a great dome (a big white dome standing on a circle of pillars) and connected at each end by galleries with a large wing, one of which contains the Senate Chamber, and the other the Hall of Representa­tives. Beneath the dome is a monumental hall called the Rotunda, adorned with works or art relating to American history.

Not far from the Capitol is the library of Congress, the largest library in the States. The Library of Congress «the biggest existing-library», you are told, contains more than 13 million books in various languages, more than 19 mi11ion manuscripts, including the personal papers of all but the more recent presidents and many other items, such as maps, prints, recordings and musical scores.

Lafayette Square is located immediately in front of the White House.

There is one more well-known building in Wa­shington — Pentagon. It is the residence of the US Military department. It is situated in the sub­urbs to the south of the Potomac.

Washington is a large scientific and cultural centre. There are some impoprtant museums in Washington, where you can see all kinds of things: famous   paintings and sculptures, the dresses of Presidents’s wives, the original of the Declaration of Independence, the largest blue diamond in the world, etc. There are many theatres, re­search institutes, five universities, the National Academy of Science there.

There are no skyscrapers in Washington, because they would hide the city’s many monuments from view and because no other building must be taller then the Capitol. No building in the city may be more than 40 meters tall.

Thousands of tourists visit Washington every day. People from all parts of the US come to see their capital.

 

huge — огромный, колоссальный                      a dome [‘doum] — купол

a circle [sə:kl] – круг                                          a pillar [‘pilə] — столб, колонна

an affair  [ə‘fə] — дело                                       to get lost — заблудиться

a manuscript [ ‘mжnjuskript ] – рукопись          to contain – содержать

an original [ə ‘ridз inl] – оригинал                      impressive — впечатляющий

a diamond [‘dai ə m ə ndl — алмаз, бриллиант     to select — выбирать

research [rı’sə:t∫] — исследовательский         glorious  — славный, знаменитый

skyscraper [‘skαı,sreıpsə] — небоскреб

 

1. Agree or disagree with the following:
2. New York is the capital of the USA. False.
3. Washington selected the place for the capital. True.
4. Washington has been the capital since 1870. False.
5. The Congress consists of 535 members. True.
6. The White House is the official residence of the US true.
7. You can see only painting and sculptures in Washington’s museums. False.
8. There’re many skyscrapers in Washington. false.
9. Thousands of tourists visit Washington every day. True.

 

2. 2. Answer the questions.
3. Where is Washington situated? It is situated in the District of Columbia.
4. What is the population of the city? The population of the city is 900,000 people.
5. What important government buildings are situated in Washing­ton? They are the White House, Pentagon, the Library of Congress.
6. Where does the US President live and work? He lives and work in the White House.
7. What building is the residence of the US Military department? Pentagon is the residence of the US Military department.
8. Who selected the place for the capital of the USA? George Washington selected the place for the capital.
9. When was Washington first settled? It was founded in 1790.
10. What is the largest library in the states? Where is it situated? The Library of Congress is the biggest existing-library. Not far from the Capitol is the library of Congress.
11. How many Universities are there in Washington? There are five universities.
12. Why aren’t there any skyscrapers in Washington? There are no skyscrapers in Washington, because they would hide the city’s many monuments from view and because no other building must be taller then the Capitol.

 

III Выполните письменный перевод текстов (5000 печ. знаков)

 

Moscow and Saint-Petersburg

Moscow and Saint-Petersburg differ a lot from other cities of Russia. The status of capital was transferred from one city to the other several times. These cities have always played major roles in the life of the state, remaining political, historical and cultural centers. Both cities have similar museums, conservatories, universities. In short, Russia has had two capitals, not just one.

Moscow was situated in the center of the most important roads and was contrasted to Saint-Petersburg, which was a city of natural development. Nevertheless, there is a similar trait in the geographical location of both cities: it is very advantageous. Saint-Petersburg was a kind of gate to the north-west of Russia; Moscow, when many canals were built around it, became a port of five seas. The two capitals were and remained leaders of the economic development in the country, and are centers of science and technologies.

As for differences, Saint-Petersburg is specialized in shipbuilding, Moscow pays more attention to aircraft and space technologies. The architecture of both capitals is also very different. There are a lot of dead-ends in Moscow, whereas in Saint-Petersburg it may seem that every side street tends to become a large avenue. Regions close to Moscow and Saint-Petersburg also have different traits: we see near Saint-Petersburg ancient estates and fortresses that surrounded the city centuries ago. In the Moscow region, on the contrary, there are many churches and monasteries; well-known estates are situated in the city itself.

 

Москва и Санкт-Петербург

Москва и Санкт-Петербург сильно отличаются от других городов России. Столицу переносили из одного города в другой несколько раз. Эти города всегда играли важную роль в жизни государства, в других политических, исторических и культурных центрах. Оба города имеют похожие музеи, консерватории, университеты. Короче говоря, Россия имела две столицы, а не одну.

Москва была расположена в центре важнейших дорог и была противопоставлена ​​Санкт-Петербургу, который был городом естественного развития. Тем не менее, есть схожая черта в географическом расположении обоих городов: это очень выгодно. Санкт-Петербург был своего рода воротами на северо-запад России; Москва, когда вокруг нее были построены многие каналы, стал портом пяти морей. Две столицы были и остаются лидерами экономического развития в стране и являются центрами науки и технологий.

Что касается различий, то Санкт-Петербург специализируется на судостроении, Москва уделяет больше внимания авиационным и космическим технологиям. Архитектура обеих столиц также очень отличается. В Москве много тупиков, тогда как в Санкт-Петербурге может показаться, что каждая прилегающая улица хочет стать большой аллеей. Регионы, близкие к Москве и Санкт-Петербургу, также имеют разные черты: около Санкт-Петербурга мы видим древних усадеб и крепостей, которые окружали город много веков назад. В Московской области, напротив, много церквей и монастырей; известные поместья расположены в самом городе.

 

Yaroslavl

Yaroslavl, situated 260 kilometres north of Moscow, is a unique city on the Volga River where the breathtaking beauty of nature, the splendour of ancient architecture and modern industry are harmoni­ously combined together.

The town was first mentioned in Russian chronicles in the beginning of the 11th century. At the times of the Tartar invasion (13-14th centuries) Yaroslavl was burned and de­molished; but in the 15th century it was mostly rebuilt and restored and became an important commercial centre again. For a period of time it was the second richest and most powerful city in Russia, after Moscow. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Yaroslavl developed as a centre of heavy industry. Today, manufactures of the city include petro­leum refiners (one of the biggest oil companies «Slavneft» works there), motor vehicles, chemicals, synthetic rubber, machinery, processed food, and textiles.

Yaroslavl has over a hundred churches. The city starts from the Spassky Monastery (Saviour Monastery) that was founded in the 12th century at the place where the Kotorosl River meets the Volga River. The main church of the Monastery is the oldest building left in Yaroslavl: the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Ca­thedral (Saviour Transfiguration Cathedral), which is al­most 500 years old (the foundation is 800 years old).

 

Ярославль

Ярославль, расположенный в 260 км к северу от Москвы, является уникальным городом на Волге, где гармонично сочетаются захватывающая красота природы, великолепие древней архитектуры и современной промышленности.

Впервые город упоминается в русских летописях в начале XI века. Во времена татарского нашествия (13-14 вв.) Ярославль был сожжен и уничтожен; но в 15 веке он был восстановлен и реконструирован и снова стал важным торговым центром. В течение некоторого времени он был вторым самым богатым и могущественным городом в России после Москвы. После Русской революции в 1917 году Ярославль развивался как центр тяжелой промышленности. Сегодня в городе есть нефтеперерабатывающие заводы (там работает одна из крупнейших нефтяных компаний «Славнефть»), здесь производят автомобили, химикаты, синтетический каучук, машины, полуфабрикаты и текстиль.

В Ярославле есть более сотни церквей. Город начинается от Спасского монастыря, который был основан в XII веке на том месте, где река Которосль встречает Волгу. Главный храм монастыря — самое старое здание, оставшееся в Ярославле: Спасо-Преображенский собор, которому почти 500 лет (фундаменту 800 лет).

Rostov the Great

Rostov the Great, located on Lake Nero, is one of the oldest towns in Russia and first men­tioned in the Primary Chronicle for 862. Troops from Rostov the Great reportedly participated in Oleg’s attack on Constantinople in 907. In the 12th century Rostov the Great grew to equal Kiev and Novgorod in size and importance. Rostov the Great was demolished by the Mongols in 1238; but later rebuilt.

The main sight in Rostov the Great is the Kremlin with its 11 towers remain; in the centre of the town, with earthen walls, built in 1631-33, around the central area. The Kremlin walls are 2 meters thick and 10 to 12 meters high. It was built strictly for show by the local bishop — Metropolitan lona Sysoevich. Rostov the Great’s Kremlin became especially famous after the film «Ivan Vasilyevitch Changes His Profession»: the largest number of scenes were filmed on its territory. Another trait that distinguishes Rostov the Great from all cities of the Golden Ring is the privilege of sleeping inside its Kremlin — every tourist has this chance. In plan the Rostov Kremlin is an irregular rectangle stretched from south to north and consists of three parts. The middle part (the largest part of the ensemble) is the Kremlin itself. Cathe­dral Square, with the Cathedral of the Assumption and bel­fry, the Dormilion Cathedral (1162), once famous throughout the country and all over Europe, is located to the north. To the south there is the Metropolitan’s Garden, surrounded by a low wall wilh a small bathhouse built in the middle of the wall.

 

 Ростов Великий

Ростов Великий, расположенный на озере Неро, является одним из старейших городов в России и первым упоминается в Хронике 862 года. Войска из Ростова Великого, как сообщается, участвовали в нападении Олега на Константинополь в 907 году. В 12 веке Ростов значительно укрепился и стал равный Киеву и Новгороду по размеру и значению. Ростов Великий был разрушен монголами в 1238 году; но позже восстановлен.

Главная достопримечательность в Ростове Великом — Кремль с его 11 башнями; в центре города, с глиняными стенами, построенными в 1631-33 годах, вокруг центральной площади. Стены Кремля имеют толщину 2 метра и высоту от 10 до 12 метров. Он был построен исключительно для показа местным епископом — митрополитом Луной Сысоевичем. Кремль Ростова Великого стал особенно знаменитым после показа фильма «Иван Васильевич меняет свою профессию»: наибольшее количество сцен было снято на его территории. Еще одна черта, которая отличает Ростов Великий от всех городов Золотого кольца -это возможность отдохнуть внутри Кремля — ​​у каждого туриста есть такой шанс. Ростовский Кремль представляет собой неправильный прямоугольник, протянувшийся с юга на север и состоящий из трех частей. Средняя часть (самая большая часть ансамбля) — это сам Кремль. Соборная площадь с Успенским собором и Набережной, Собор Дормильона (1162 г.), некогда известный во всей стране и по всей Европе, расположен на севере. На юг находится сад Митрополита, окруженный низкой стеной с небольшой баней, построенной в центре стены.

 

London is London

 If you ask somebody to name some typically English dishes they will probably say «Fish and chips», and it’s true! We lived in Paddington and there were a lot of different Indian, Chinese, French and Ital­ian restaurants. In London you’ll also find Indonesian, Mexi­can and Greek restaurants too. They are very popular. So it is difficult to find an English restaurant with traditional cuisine.

Every country is proud of its past and London has a lot of things to see. There are many places of interest: the Houses of Parliament and Big Ben, the Tower, Westminster Abby, Piccadilly Circus, Trafalgar Square, the British Museum, the National History Mu­seum, Buckingham Palace, Windsor and Madame Tussaud’s Museum.

Madame Tussaud’s Museum is an exhibition of hundreds of life-size wax models of famous people of yesterday and today. Here we can meet Elton John, David Beckham, Marilyn Monroe, Putin, Picasso, the Royal Family, Julia Roberts, the Beatles and many others: singers, writers, sportsmen, politicians, movie stars, etc. It seems that we are on a visit to these popular and famous people.

Oxford Street is really the main shopping street. It is very long and there are a lot of big and small shops for different tastes.

We’d like to go to London once more. We’d like to lie on the green grass in the parks, to watch the swans and pelicans, to enjoy beautiful flow­ers and trees, to speak to polite and calm English people, to sit in the cafe and read an English news­paper, because London is London!

 

Лондон –  это Лондон!

Если вы попросите кого-нибудь назвать некоторые типично английские блюда, то они, скорее всего, назовут «Рыба и чипсы», и это правда! Мы жили в Паддингтоне, и там было много разных индийских, китайских, французских и итальянских ресторанов. В Лондоне вы также найдете индонезийские, мексиканские и греческие рестораны. Они очень популярны. Так что трудно найти английский ресторан с традиционной кухней.

Каждая страна гордится своим прошлым, и в Лондоне есть что посмотреть. Есть много интересных мест: здание парламента и Биг Бен, Тауэр, Вестминстерское аббатство, площадь Пикадилли, Трафальгарская площадь, Британский музей, Национальный исторический музей, Букингемский дворец, Виндзор и Музей мадам Тюссо.

Музей мадам Тюссо представляет собой выставку сотен моделей восковых фигур в натуральную величину знаменитых людей вчера и сегодня. Здесь мы можем встретиться с Элтоном Джоном, Дэвидом Бекхэмом, Мэрилин Монро, Путиным, Пикассо, королевской семьей, Джулией Робертс, Битлз и многими другими: певцами, писателями, спортсменами, политиками, кинозвездами и т. д. Кажется, мы встречаем этих популярных и известных людей.

Оксфорд-стрит — действительно главная торговая улица. Она очень длинная, и здесь есть много больших и маленьких магазинов на любой вкус.

Мы хотели бы снова отправиться в Лондон. Мы хотели бы отдохнуть на зеленой траве в парках, наблюдать за лебедями и пеликанами, наслаждаться красивыми цветами и деревьями, разговаривать с вежливыми и спокойными англичанами, сидеть в кафе и читать английские новости, потому что Лондон – это Лондон!