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1. Read the text and translate in a written form.

Operating Systems

The OS (operating system) is the set of computer programs that allow the user to perform basic tasks like copying, moving, saving and printing files. It also provides an interface between (i.e. provides communication between) applications programs (e.g. word processors or spreadsheets) and the computer hardware. As a user interacts with an applications program on the screen, the applications program communicates with the operating system and the operating system communicates with the computer hardware. The work of the operating system takes place in the background and is not always obvious to the user.
The most important program in an OS is the supervisor program. It remains in memory all the time that the computer is operating, and manages the OS. It loads other parts of the OS into memory when they are needed. Programs that remain in memory while the computer is in use are known as resident programs. Programs that only stay in memory while they are being used are known as nonresident programs.
Some operating systems are command driven (i.e. the user runs a program by typing a command). The screen is usually blank except for a symbol (e.g. $) which acts as a command prompt. When the command is typed at the prompt and the Enter key is pressed, the command is processed and the output is displayed on the screen. OS commands are usually short words or abbreviations (e.g., date, logout, passed, Is).
Unix is a command driven operating system used on all sizes of computers, but mostly large multi-user, multi-tasking mainframe computers. It is available in many versions, such as Linux, Minix, HP-UX, Xenix, Venix, Ultrix, A/UX, AIX, Solaris and PowerOpen. Other command driven operating systems mentioned in this unit include: VAX/VMS, MVS VM OS/390, NetWare and Linux.
Some operating systems have a GUI (pronounced like ‘goo-ey’ — graphical user interface) that allows the user to use a mouse to click on icons on the screen or choose commands from a list of choices known as a menu. Operating systems with graphical interfaces mentioned in this unit include: MacOS, Linux, Windows XP, BC 0), Palm and Windows Media Centre Edition.

2. Match English and Russian equivalents.

Operating System графический интерфейс пользователя
memory экран
Graphical (user) interface (GUI) операционная система
screen память
word processor текстовый редактор

3. Fill in the gaps and translate the sentences.

Provide, manages allows, allows, remains control, takes place, using, connects
1. GUI is the part of an operating system that _____________ the user to interact with a computer _______________ graphic images and a cursor.
2. OS is the set of programs that ______________ the basic functions of a computer and ________________ communication between the application programs and the hardware.
3. Interface is the hardware or software that ______________ two systems and ________________ them to communicate with each other.
4. The work of the operating system __________________ in the background and is not always obvious to the user.
5. The supervisor program _________________ in memory all the time that the computer is operating and ________________the OS.

4. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F] in relation to the information in the text. If you feel a statement is false, change it to make it true.

1. The most important program in an OS is Microsoft Office, it remains in memory all the time that the computer is operating, and manages the OS.
2. Programs that only stay in memory while they are being used are known as nonresident programs.
3. When the command is typed at the prompt and the Enter key is pressed, the command is processed and the output is displayed on your smart phone.
4. The work of the operating system takes place on the screen and is always obvious to the user.
5. The OS (operating system) is the set of computer programs that allow the user to perform basic tasks like copying, moving but never saving and printing files.

5. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. Mind grammar
1. В настоящее время существует много видов различных системных программ, и операционная система занимает среди них особое место.
2. На производительность, надежность, и функциональные возможности персонального компьютера влияют много факторов, установленная на нем операционная система – один из них.
3. Когда операционная система способна выполнять несколько задач, причем эти задачи выполняются одновременно, она называется многозадачной.
4. Операционная система контролирует работу процессора и, если запущенная задача нуждается в ресурсе, то ее выполнение должно быть приостановлено до получения ресурса.
5. Возможности персональных компьютеров по обработке информации ограничены, причем параметры объема обрабатываемой информации и скорости вычислений являются наиболее критическими.