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Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст « The St. Petersburg of Peter the Great » по ссылке: http://www.saint-petersburg.com/history/first-years.asp 

During the first few years of St. Petersburg’s history, the banks of the Neva saw an amazing transition from a swampy, scarcely populated area to a fine European capital. The first structure to be built in the new city was the Peter and Paul fortress. Although it was originally designed to protect the area from possible attacks by the Swedish army and navy, the fort did not actually take part in any fighting. Just across the River Neva from the fortress Peter built the fortified Admiralty complex, where the most powerful ships of Russia’s Baltic Fleet were built. Many of these vessels were to lead Russia to a great series of naval victories during the course of the Northern War. Many of St. Petersburg’s street and district names still remind us today of Peter the Great’s preparations for war and the great shipbuilding industry he instituted (Liteiny — meaning «the Foundry yard» and Smolny — «the Tar yard», which produced tar for the purposes of shipbuilding, for example).

Tsar Peter the Great’s first residence in the city was a small hut, known now as the Cabin of Peter the Great. As the city developed the Tsar commissioned a Summer Palace to be built for him in 1714 and later a Winter Palace, just a little further down the river. Originally there were no bridges crossing the mighty Neva River and people had to be ferried between banks by boat, one of the reasons why St. Petersburg was given the epithet «the Venice of the North».

The heart of the city was originally intended to be the area between the Peter and Paul Fortress and the Cabin of Peter the Great, which later became known as Trinity Square (‘Troitskaia Ploschad’). The focal point of this area was the city’s first church — the Trinity Church, and around it houses for the local nobility, a Gostiny Dvor (a market for local and visiting merchants) and several inns and bars were built. Most of the city’s prestigious social events (receptions, balls, etc.) took place either in the Summer Gardens or in the residence of the Governor General of St. Petersburg — the luxurious Menshikov Palace.

Unfortunately, very few of the city’s buildings from the early 18th century have survived, many having been torn down or remodeled. The Kikin House, next to Smolny Cathedral, and the University building of the «Twelve Colleges» on Vasilievsky Island give visitors an approximate impression of what the original city looked like.

When Peter the Great died in 1725, his wife Catherine assumed power and the city experienced a short decline while various rulers fought over the throne. For a short period, in the late 1720s, the royal court was moved back to Moscow. Many of the nobility and merchants, forced by Peter the Great to move to St. Petersburg, now chose to leave the city. St. Petersburg was only fully revived when Peter’s daughter Elizabeth became Empress in 1741. Elizabethan St. Petersburg became a lively European capital and its population reached 150,000 people.

На протяжение нескольких лет истории территория Санкт-Петербурга на берегах Невы изменилась: от болотистой малонаселенной местности к прекрасной европейской столице. Первым зданием, которое было построено в новом городе, стала Петропавловская крепость. Хотя изначально она была создана для защиты местности от возможных атак шведской армии и флота, на самом деле форт не принимал участия ни в каких боевых действиях. Прямо через Неву от крепости Петр построил укрепленный Адмиралтейский комплекс, где строили самые мощные корабли Балтийского флота России. Многие из этих судов должны были привести Россию к великой серии морских побед в ходе Северной войны. Многие названия улиц и районов Санкт-Петербурга до сих пор напоминают нам о подготовке Петра Великого к войне и о великой судостроительной промышленности, которую он основал (Литейный — что означает «Литейный завод» и Смольный — «Смольный двор», который производил смолу для судостроения).

Первой резиденцией царя Петра Великого в городе была небольшая хижина, известная теперь как Хижина Петра Великого. По мере развития города царь приказал построить для себя Летний дворец в 1714 году, а затем Зимний дворец, чуть дальше по реке. Первоначально не было мостов, пересекающих великую Неву, и людей приходилось переправлять между берегами на лодках, что было одной из причин, по которой Санкт-Петербург получил эпитет «Северная Венеция».

Изначально центром города была территория между Петропавловской крепостью и Хижиной Петра Великого, которая впоследствии стала известна как Троицкая площадь. Особенностью этого района была первая церковь города — Троицкая церковь, вокруг которой были построены дома для местной знати, Гостиный двор (рынок для местных и приезжих купцов), а также несколько гостиниц и баров. Большинство престижных светских мероприятий города (приемы, балы и т. д.) проходили либо в Летнем саду, либо в резиденции генерал-губернатора Санкт-Петербурга — роскошном Меншиковском дворце.

К сожалению, очень немногие из городских зданий начала 18 века сохранились, многие были снесены или реконструированы. Дом Кикина рядом со Смольным собором и университетский корпус «Двенадцать коллегий» на Васильевском острове дают туристам приблизительное представление о том, как выглядел первоначальный город.

Когда Петр Великий умер в 1725 году, его жена Екатерина пришла к власти, и город пережил кратковременный упадок, в то время как различные правители боролись за престол. На короткое время, в конце 1720-х годов, царский двор был перенесен обратно в Москву. Многие дворяне и купцы, вынужденные Петром Великим переехать в Санкт-Петербург, теперь решили покинуть город. Санкт-Петербург был полностью возрожден только тогда, когда дочь Петра Елизавета стала императрицей в 1741 году. Санкт-Петербург под правлением Елизаветы стал оживленной европейской столицей, а его население достигло 150 000 человек.

Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What was the first construction in St. Petersburg? The first structure to be built in the new city was the Peter and Paul fortress.

2.Why was Peter and Paul’s fortress built? Although it was originally designed to protect the area from possible attacks by the Swedish army and navy, the fort did not actually take part in any fighting.

3.What was Peter the Great’s first residence in the city?  Tsar Peter the Great’s first residence in the city was a small hut, known now as the Cabin of Peter the Great.

4.Where did social events take part? Most of the city’s prestigious social events (receptions, balls, etc.) took place either in the Summer Gardens or in the residence of the Governor General of St. Petersburg — the luxurious Menshikov Palace.

5.Whose governing the city made it decline for a short period after Peter the Great’s death? When Peter the Great died in 1725, his wife Catherine assumed power and the city experienced a short decline while various rulers fought over the throne.

6.When was Saint Petersburg fully revived? St. Petersburg was only fully revived when Peter’s daughter Elizabeth became Empress in 1741. Elizabethan St. Petersburg became a lively European capital and its population reached 150,000 people.

 Задание 3. Выпишите значения слов и выражений из словаря.

1.swampy area – boggy area.

2.capital — a city that is the centre of government of a country or smaller political area.

3.to protect — to keep someone or something safe from injury, damage, or loss

4.fortress — a large, strong building or group of buildings that can be defended from attack

5.vessels — a large boat or a ship

6.victory — an occasion when you win a game, competition, election, war, etc. or the fact that you have won

7.shipbuilding — the activity of building ships

8.to commission — to formally choose someone to do a special piece of work, or to formally ask for a special piece of work from someone

9.square — a flat shape with four sides of equal length and four angles of 90°

10.luxurious — very comfortable and expensive

11.to survive – to stay alive

12.cathedral — a very large, usually stone, building for Christian worship. It is the largest and most important church of a diocese

13.merchant — a person whose job is to buy and sell products in large amounts, especially by trading with other countries

14.ruler — the leader of a country

15.empress — a female ruler of an empire, or the wife of a male ruler of an empire

16.to revive — to come or bring something back to life, health, existence, or use

17.decline — to gradually become less, worse, or lower

 Задание 4. В предложениях заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами из Задания 3, поставив их в правильную грамматическую форму.

1.The first structure to be built in the new city was the Peter and Paul cathedral.

2.Many of the vessels of Russia’s Baltic Fleet were to lead Russia to a great series of naval victories during the course of the Northern War.

3.Many of St. Petersburg’s street and district names still remind us today of Peter the Great’s preparations for war and the great luxurious industry he instituted.

4.As the city developed the Tsar commisioned a Summer Palace to be built for him in 1714 and later a Winter Palace, just a little further down the river.

5.Unfortunately, very few of the city’s buildings from the early 18th century have revived many having been torn down or remodeled.

6.When Peter the Great died in 1725, his wife Catherine assumed power and the city experienced a short decline while various rulers fought over the throne.

7.Many of the nobility and merchants, forced by Peter the Great to move to St. Petersburg, now chose to leave the city.

8.St. Petersburg was only fully protected when Peter’s daughter Elizabeth became Empress in 1741.

9.Elizabethan St. Petersburg became a lively European capital and its population reached 150,000 people.

 Задание 5. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам.

1.to protect  F                    a. austere

2.victory D                         b. to rise

3.luxurious A                     c. to destroy

4.to survive  G                   d. defeat

5.to decline  B                              e. peace

6.to build C                        f. to attack

7.war   E                            g. to die

 Задание 7. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски словами, подходящими по смыслу.

tombs cobblestone gilded extensive baroque cascades fortress boulevards commemorates cathedral

St.Petersburg’s oldest building is Peter and Paul’s fortress which dates back to 1703 and was built by Peter the Great to defend the city against the Swedes. The highlight here is the magnificent cascades Peter and Paul cathedral which holds tombs the of most of Russia’s pre-Revolutionary rulers including Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. Nevsky Prospekt was one of Europe’s grandest boulevards with palaces, squares, bridges and cobblestone streets that now house shops, restaurants, banks and museums.

Peterhof was built by Peter the Great in the 18th century. It is the complex of palaces and extensive gardens built on a grand scale with fountain gilded and baroque statues.  The central point is the Great Cascade which has over 140 fountains and the statue of Samson opening the lion’s jaw. This statue commemorates Russian’s victory over Sweden in a great Northern war.