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Задание 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст « The St. Petersburg of Peter the Great » по ссылке: http://www.saint-petersburg.com/history/first-years.asp

St. Petersburg in the era of Catherine I (1725-1727)
Catherine’s reign was brief and in general saw projects brought to fruiting that had been earlier conceived by her late husband, Peter the Great. Her reign started with Peter’s opulent state funeral, according to new ceremonial guidelines that the «Tsar Reformer» had himself developed. Catherine ordered a wax figure to be made of Peter the Great, and the features of the sovereign could be accurately reproduced thanks to a death mask that was molded only a few hours after his death. This wax figure can be viewed in the Hermitage on the private tour «Peter the Great’s Winter Palace» (a fragment of which was restored within the Hermitage Theater building).

While he was still alive, Peter gave Catherine an estate and hunting grounds to the south of Petersburg, which was supposed to become her personal property and to give this woman born in humble circumstances the glossy status of a landowner. A small stone palace was built for Catherine on this estate, called Sarskaya Manor, which her daughter Elizabeth (the future Empress) inherited after her death and which was eventually transformed into the grandiose palace and park ensemble of Tsarskoye Selo that today is visited by several million tourists every year.
Catherine had another palace and park, located on an island off the coast of the Baltic Sea, and named in Ekateringof in German style (meaning Catherine’s Court). Unfortunately, this wooden palace burned down in 1924, but its name is still preserved in the Kateringof Park near Narvskaya Metro Station.
Inasmuch as the Empress did not engage in affairs of state, the country was run by the Supreme Privy Council. The Senate and Colleges (Ministries) that met in the Twelve Colleges building were subordinated to the Council.
In 1727, the first «floating» (pontoon) bridge spanning the Neva appeared. It was called St. Isaac’s Bridge and was located in front of the present site of the Bronze Horseman monument. Across the Neva on Vaslievsky Island, a widening of University Embankment can still be detected at the spot where the bridge’s foundations on that side of the river were placed.
On the whole, Catherine’s reign did not leave many notable traces in St. Petersburg, but rather, was a harbinger of the difficult times ahead that the city was to experience with the accession to the throne of the young Peter II.
There are no individual monuments to Catherine I in Petersburg, but her image appears in a sculptural group entitled «The Tsar’s Walk» that depicts Catherine together with Peter the Great and two hunting dogs. This sculptural group is located near the National Congress Palace in Strelna.
Петербург в эпоху Екатерины I (1725-1727)
Царствование Екатерины было недолгим и, в целом, благодаря ей появились плодотворные проекты, которые ранее задумал ее покойный муж Петр Великий. Ее правление началось с роскошных государственных похорон Петра, согласно новым церемониальным правилам, разработанным самим «Царем Реформатором». Екатерина приказала сделать из Петра Великого восковую фигуру, и черты государя могли быть точно воспроизведены благодаря маске смерти, которая была сформована всего через несколько часов после его смерти. Эту восковую фигуру можно увидеть в Эрмитаже во время частного тура «Зимний дворец Петра Великого» (фрагмент которого был восстановлен в здании Эрмитажа).
Пока он был еще жив, Петр подарил Екатерине поместье и охотничьи угодья к югу от Петербурга, которые должны были стать ее личной собственностью и дать этой женщине, рожденной в скромных условиях, блестящий статус помещика. В этом имении для Екатерины был построен небольшой каменный дворец, который назывался Сарской усадьбой, унаследованный ее дочерью Елизаветой (будущей императрицей) после ее смерти, и который в конечном итоге был преобразован в грандиозный дворцово-парковый ансамбль Царского Села, который сегодня посещают несколько миллионов туристов каждый год.
У Екатерины был еще один дворец и парк, расположенный на острове у берегов Балтийского моря, и названный в Екатеринофе по-немецки (имеется в виду Екатерининский двор). К сожалению, этот деревянный дворец сгорел в 1924 году, но его название до сих пор сохранилось в парке Кейтеринг у станции метро Нарвская.
Поскольку императрица не занималась государственными делами, страной управлял Высший тайный совет. Сенат и колледжи (министерства), собравшиеся в здании Двенадцати колледжей, были подчинены Совету.
В 1727 году появился первый «плавучий» (понтонный) мост через Неву. Он назывался Исаакиевским мостом и располагался напротив нынешнего места памятника Медному всаднику. Через Неву на Васлиевском острове еще можно найти расширение Университетской набережной в том месте, где были заложены основания моста по ту сторону реки.
В целом, царствование Екатерины не оставило много заметных следов в Санкт-Петербурге, а, скорее, было предвестником предстоящих трудных времен, которые город должен был пережить с восшествием на престол молодого Петра II.
В Петербурге нет отдельных памятников Екатерине I, но ее изображение появляется в скульптурной группе «Царская прогулка», на которой изображены Екатерина вместе с Петром Великим и двумя охотничьими собаками. Эта скульптурная группа находится недалеко от Дворца Национального Конгресса в Стрельне.

During the first few years of St. Petersburg’s history, the banks of the Neva saw an amazing transition from a swampy, scarcely populated area to a fine European capital. The first structure to be built in the new city was the Peter and Paul fortress. Although it was originally designed to protect the area from possible attacks by the Swedish army and navy, the fort did not actually take part in any fighting. Just across the River Neva from the fortress Peter built the fortified Admiralty complex, where the most powerful ships of Russia’s Baltic Fleet were built. Many of these vessels were to lead Russia to a great series of naval victories during the course of the Northern War. Many of St. Petersburg’s street and district names still remind us today of Peter the Great’s preparations for war and the great shipbuilding industry he instituted (Liteiny — meaning «the Foundry yard» and Smolny — «the Tar yard», which produced tar for the purposes of shipbuilding, for example).
Tsar Peter the Great’s first residence in the city was a small hut, known now as the Cabin of Peter the Great. As the city developed the Tsar commissioned a Summer Palace to be built for him in 1714 and later a Winter Palace, just a little further down the river. Originally there were no bridges crossing the mighty Neva River and people had to be ferried between banks by boat, one of the reasons why St. Petersburg was given the epithet «the Venice of the North».
The heart of the city was originally intended to be the area between the Peter and Paul Fortress and the Cabin of Peter the Great, which later became known as Trinity Square (‘Troitskaia Ploschad’). The focal point of this area was the city’s first church — the Trinity Church, and around it houses for the local nobility, a Gostiny Dvor (a market for local and visiting merchants) and several inns and bars were built. Most of the city’s prestigious social events (receptions, balls, etc.) took place either in the Summer Gardens or in the residence of the Governor General of St. Petersburg — the luxurious Menshikov Palace.
Unfortunately, very few of the city’s buildings from the early 18th century have survived, many having been torn down or remodeled. The Kikin House, next to Smolny Cathedral, and the University building of the «Twelve Colleges» on Vasilievsky Island give visitors an approximate impression of what the original city looked like.
When Peter the Great died in 1725, his wife Catherine assumed power and the city experienced a short decline while various rulers fought over the throne. For a short period, in the late 1720s, the royal court was moved back to Moscow. Many of the nobility and merchants, forced by Peter the Great to move to St. Petersburg, now chose to leave the city. St. Petersburg was only fully revived when Peter’s daughter Elizabeth became Empress in 1741. Elizabethan St. Petersburg became a lively European capital and its population reached 150,000 people.
В течение первых нескольких лет петербургской истории на берегах Невы произошел удивительный переход от болотистой, малонаселенной территории к прекрасной европейской столице. Первым сооружением, построенным в новом городе, была Петропавловская крепость. Хотя изначально она была создана для защиты территории от возможных атак со стороны шведской армии и флота, форт фактически не принимал участия ни в каких боях. Прямо через реку Неву от крепости Петр построил укрепленный адмиралтейский комплекс, где строились самые мощные корабли Балтийского флота России. Многие из этих кораблей должны были привести Россию к великой серии морских побед в ходе Северной войны. Многие из названий улиц и районов Санкт-Петербурга до сих пор напоминают нам сегодня о подготовке Петра Первого к войне и о великой судостроительной промышленности, которую он основал (Литейный — «Литейный завод», а Смольный — «Дегтярный двор», который производил гудрон для судостроения, например).
Первой резиденцией царя Петра Великого в городе была небольшая хижина, известная теперь как Хижина Петра Великого. По мере развития города царь поручил построить для него Летний дворец в 1714 году, а затем и Зимний дворец, чуть дальше по течению. Первоначально не было мостов, пересекающих могучую Неву, и людей приходилось переправлять на лодках между берегами, что стало одной из причин, по которой Санкт-Петербург получил эпитет «Северная Венеция».
Первоначально сердце города было задумано как территория между Петропавловской крепостью и Хижиной Петра Великого, которая впоследствии стала называться Троицкой площадь. Центром этой области была первая церковь города — Троицкая церковь, вокруг которой были построены дома для местной знати, Гостиный двор (рынок для местных и приезжих купцов) и несколько гостиниц и баров. Большая часть престижных общественных мероприятий города (приемы, балы и т. д.) проходили либо в Летних садах, либо в резиденции генерал-губернатора Санкт-Петербурга — роскошном Меншиковском дворце.
К сожалению, очень немногие из городских зданий с начала 18-ого столетия сохранились, многие были снесены или реконструированы. Дом Кикина, рядом со Смольным собором, и здание университета «Двенадцать колледжей» на Васильевском острове дают посетителям приблизительное впечатление о том, как выглядел оригинальный город.
Когда Петр Великий умер в 1725 году, его жена Екатерина пришла к власти, и город пережил короткий спад, в то время как различные правители боролись за трон. На короткий период, в конце 1720-х годов, царский двор был перенесен обратно в Москву. Многие дворяне и купцы, которых Петр Великий вынудил переехать в Петербург, теперь решили покинуть город. Санкт-Петербург был полностью возрожден только тогда, когда дочь Петра Елизавета стала императрицей в 1741 году. Елизаветинский Санкт-Петербург стал оживленной европейской столицей, население которой достигло 150 000 человек.

Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы. Перескажите текст.

1.What was the first construction in St. Petersburg? The first structure to be built in the new city was the Peter and Paul fortress.
2.Why was Peter and Paul’s fortress built? It was originally designed to protect the area from possible attacks.
3.What was Peter the Great’s first residence in the city? Tsar Peter the Great’s first residence in the city was a small hut, known now as the Cabin of Peter the Great.
4.Where did social events take part? Most of the city’s prestigious social events (receptions, balls, etc.) took place either in the Summer Gardens or in the residence of the Governor General of St. Petersburg — the luxurious Menshikov Palace.
5.Whose governing the city made it decline for a short period after Peter the Great’s death? When Peter the Great died in 1725, his wife Catherine assumed power and the city experienced a short decline while various rulers fought over the throne.
6.When was Saint Petersburg fully revived? St. Petersburg was only fully revived when Peter’s daughter Elizabeth became Empress in 1741.

It is said that during the first few years of St. Petersburg’s history, the banks of the Neva saw an amazing transition from a swampy, scarcely populated area to a fine European capital. The first structure to be built in the new city was the Peter and Paul fortress. But the fort did not actually take part in any fighting. Just across the River Neva from the fortress Peter built the fortified Admiralty complex, where the most powerful ships of Russia’s Baltic Fleet were built.
Tsar Peter the Great’s first residence in the city was a small hut, known now as the Cabin of Peter the Great. As the city developed the Tsar commissioned a Summer Palace to be built for him in 1714 and later a Winter Palace, just a little further down the river. Originally there were no bridges crossing the mighty Neva River.
The heart of the city was originally intended to be the area between the Peter and Paul Fortress and the Cabin of Peter the Great, which later became known as Trinity Square (‘Troitskaia Ploschad’).
Unfortunately, very few of the city’s buildings from the early 18th century have survived, many having been torn down or remodeled.
When Peter the Great died in 1725, his wife Catherine assumed power and the city experienced a short decline while various rulers fought over the throne. For a short period, in the late 1720s, the royal court was moved back to Moscow. Many of the nobility and merchants, forced by Peter the Great to move to St. Petersburg, now chose to leave the city.

Задание 3. Выпишите значения слов и выражений из словаря.

1.swampy area — a lowland region saturated with water.
2.capital – the main city in the country
3.to protect — keep safe from harm or injury.
4.fortress — a large building or complex of buildings used as a military stronghold
5.vessel — a ship or large boat.
6.victory — an act of defeating an enemy or opponent in a battle, game, or other competition
7.shipbuilding — the design and construction of ships.
8.to commission — order or authorize the production of (something).
9.square – a big area in a city
10.luxurious — extremely comfortable or elegant, especially when involving great expense.
11.to survive — continue to live or exist, especially in spite of danger or hardship.
12.cathedral — the principal church of a diocese, with which the bishop is officially associated.
13.merchant — a person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially one dealing with foreign countries or supplying goods to a particular trade.
14.ruler — a person exercising government or dominion.
15.empress — a woman who is a sovereign ruler of great power and rank, especially one ruling an empire.
16.to revive — restore to life or consciousness.
17.decline — (typically of something regarded as good) become smaller, fewer, or less; decrease.

Задание 4. В предложениях заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами из Задания 3, поставив их в правильную грамматическую форму.

1.The first structure to be built in the new city was the Peter and Paul fortress.
2.Many of the ships of Russia’s Baltic Fleet were to lead Russia to a great series of naval victories during the course of the Northern War.
3.Many of St. Petersburg’s street and district names still remind us today of Peter the Great’s preparations for war and the great shipbuilding industry he instituted.
4.As the city developed the Tsar commissioned a Summer Palace to be built for him in 1714 and later a Winter Palace, just a little further down the river.
5.Unfortunately, very few of the city’s buildings from the early 18th century have survived, many having been torn down or remodeled.
6.When Peter the Great died in 1725, his wife Catherine assumed power and the city experienced a short decline while various rulers fought over the throne.
7.Many of the nobility and merchants forced by Peter the Great to move to St. Petersburg, now chose to leave the city.
8.St. Petersburg was only fully revived when Peter’s daughter Elizabeth became Empress in 1741.
9.Elizabethan St. Petersburg became a lively European capital and its population reached 150,000 people.

Задание 5. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам.

1.to protect F a. austere
2.victory D b. to rise
3.luxurious A c. to destroy
4.to survive G d. defeat
5.to decline B e. peace
6.to build C f. to attack
7.war E g. to die

Аудирование

Задание 6. Посмотрите видео о Санкт-Петербурге по ссылке http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXHsrLH4UUk

Задание 7. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски словами, подходящими по смыслу.

tombs
cobblestone
gilded
extensive
baroque
cascades
fortress
boulevards
commemorates
Cathedral

St.Petersburg’s oldest building is Peter and Paul’s fortress which dates back to 1703 and was built by Peter the Great to defend the city against the Swedes. The highlight here is the magnificent extensive Peter and Paul Cathedral which holds the tombs of most of Russia’s pre-Revolutionary rulers including Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. Nevsky Prospekt was one of Europe’s grandest boulevards with palaces, squares, bridges and cobblestone streets that now house shops, restaurants, banks and museums.
Peterhof was built by Peter the Great in the 18th century. It is the complex of palaces and gilded gardens built on a grand scale with fountain cascades and baroque statues. The central point is the Great Cascade which has over 140 fountains and the statue of Samson opening the lion’s jaw. This statue commemorates Russian’s victory over Sweden in a great Northern war.