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COMPUTER CRIMES

The explosive growth in the use of computers in the business world in the past few years has brought with it a corresponding increase in computer misuse. Computer crimes fall mainly into three broad categories: simple unauthorized access, theft of information, and theft of funds. Among schemes that have been subjects of litigation are (1) stealing a competitor’s computer program; (2) paying an accomplice to delete adverse information and insert favorable false information into the defendant’s credit file; (3) a disgruntled ex-employee’s inserting a «virus» into his former employer’s computer to destroy its records.

Some estimate that losses in the USA due to computer misuse may be as high as 35 dollars USA to 40 billion dollars USA per year (including thefts of funds, losses of computer programs and data, losses of trade secrets, and damage done to computer hardware). These estimates may not be reliable, but it is clear that a substantial amount of computer crime is never discovered and a high percentage of that which is discovered is never reported because:

1) companies do not want publicity about the inadequacy of their computer controls and

2) financial institutions, such as banks, fear that reports of large losses of funds, even when insured, are likely to cause depositors to withdraw their funds in the interest of safety.

КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ

Быстрый рост использования компьютеров в деловом мире за последние несколько лет привел к соответствующему увеличению неправомерного доступа к компьютерам. Компьютерные преступления делятся в основном на три большие категории: простой несанкционированный доступ, кража информации и кража средств. Среди схем, которые были предметом судебных разбирательств, были (1) кража компьютерной программы конкурента; (2) плата сообщнику за удаление нежелательной информации и вставка благоприятной ложной информации в кредитный файл ответчика; (3) недовольный бывший сотрудник вставляет «вирус» в компьютер своего бывшего работодателя, чтобы уничтожить его записи.

По некоторым оценкам, потери в США из-за неправильного использования компьютеров могут достигать от 35 до 40 миллиардов долларов США в год (включая кражу средств, потерю компьютерных программ и данных, потерю коммерческой тайны и ущерб, нанесенный компьютерному оборудованию). Эти данные могут быть ненадежными, но ясно, что значительное количество компьютерных преступлений никогда не раскрывается, а о большом проценте раскрытых преступлений никогда не сообщается, потому что:

1) компании не хотят огласки о неадекватности их компьютерного контроля и

2) финансовые учреждения, такие как банки, опасаются, что сообщения о крупных потерях средств, даже если они застрахованы, могут заставить вкладчиков изъять свои средства в интересах безопасности.

Word study

Exercise 1. Find in the text English equivalents for the following words and expressions.

Несанкционированный доступ, сообщник, конкурент, кредитное досье, оценивать, надежный, обнаружить, вкладчик, в интересах.

Unauthorized access, an accomplice, a competitor, credit file, to estimate, reliable, discover, contributor, in the interests.

Exercise 2. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions from the text and use them in the sentences of your own.

Explosive growth, corresponding increase, computer crime, theft of information, theft of funds, litigation, defendant, former employer, to destroy records, losses, computer hardware, publicity, to withdraw.

Быстрый рост, соответствующий рост, компьютерная преступность, кража информации, кража средств, судебный процесс, ответчик, бывший работодатель, уничтожить записи, потери, компьютерное оборудование, огласка, отозвать.

Grammar

Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks with articles if necessary.

1) The explosive growth in the use of computers in the business world in the past few years has brought with it acorresponding increase in—computer misuse.

2) Among schemes that have been—subjects of litigation are (1) stealing a competitor’s computer program; (2) paying an accomplice to delete—adverse information and insert—favorable false information into the defendant’s credit file; (3) a disgruntled ex-employee’s inserting a «virus» into his former employer’s computer to destroy its records.

3) Some estimate that losses in the USA due to computer misuse nay be as high as 35 dollars USA to 40 billion dollars USA per—year ( including thefts of funds, losses of computer programs and data, losses of trade secrets, and damage done to—computer hardware).

Speaking

Exercise 1. Find answers to these questions in the text “Computer Crimes”.

1. What has the explosive growth in the use of computers in the business world brought with it? The explosive growth in the use of computers in the business world in the past few years has brought with it a corresponding increase in computer misuse.

2. What three broad categories do computer crimes fall into? Computer crimes fall mainly into three broad categories: simple unauthorized access, theft of information, and theft of funds.

3. What schemes have been subjects of litigation? Among schemes that have been subjects of litigation are (1) stealing a competitor’s computer program; (2) paying an accomplice to delete adverse information and insert favorable false information into the defendant’s credit file; (3) a disgruntled ex-employee’s inserting a «virus» into his former employer’s computer to destroy its records.

4. What do losses in the USA due to computer misuse include? Some estimate that losses in the USA due to computer misuse may be as high as 35 dollars USA to 40 billion dollars USA per year (including thefts of funds, losses of computer programs and data, losses of trade secrets, and damage done to computer hardware).

5. Why is a substantial amount of computer crimes never discovered? These estimates may not be reliable, but it is clear that a substantial amount of computer crime is never discovered and a high percentage of that which is discovered is never reported because:

6. 1)                 companies do not want publicity about the inadequacy of their computer controls and

7. 2)                 financial institutions, such as banks, fear that reports of large losses of funds, even when insured, are likely to cause depositors to withdraw their funds in the interest of safety.

Writing

Exercise 1. Write three or more questions on the text.

1. Has the explosive growth in the use of computers in the business world in the past few years brought with it a corresponding increase in computer misuse?

2. Do computer crimes fall into three or four broad categories?

3. It is clear that a substantial amount of computer crime is never discovered, isn’t it?

4. Companies do not want publicity about the inadequacy of their computer controls, do they?

5. Do financial institutions, such as banks, fear that reports of large losses of funds, even when insured, are likely to cause depositors to withdraw their funds in the interest of safety?