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MAKE PRESENT PARTICIPLES OUT OF THE GIVEN VERBS. Example: to read – reading.

To write – writing, to raise – raising, to use – using, to grow – growing, to produce – producing, to provide – providing, to process – processing, to manufacture – manufacturing, to belong – belonging, to include – including, to follow – following, to affect – affecting, to influence – influencing, to buy – buying, to sell – selling, to predict – predicting.

TRANSLATE INTO RUSSIAN THE FOLLOWING COLLOCATIONS.

Example: processing industries – обрабатывающая промышленность

Growing demand – растущая потребность, developing relationships – развивающиеся отношения, increasing productivity – увеличивающаяся производительность, growing scarcity – растущая нехватка, working plants – работающие заводы, changing buyer’s behavior – меняющееся поведение покупателя.

TRANSLATE INTO RUSSIAN THE FOLLOWING COLLOCATIONS USING ПРИЧАСТНЫЙ ОБОРОТ. Example: consumer choosing the cheapest goods – покупатель, выбирающий самые дешевые товары.

Economies coping with resources scarcity – меры экономии, борющиеся с нехваткой ресурсов, economists predicting new tendencies – экономисты, прогнозирующие новые тенденции, industries belonging to the primary sector – отрасли промышленности, относящиеся к первичному сектору экономики, companies having high profits – компании, имеющие высокий доход, data showing differences between regions – данные, показывающие отличия между регионами, economists dealing with labour markets – экономисты, занимающиеся рынком труда

PUT THE VERBS IN BRACKETS INTO PRESENT CONTINUOUS. Example: The factory (to employ) new workers now = The factory is employing new workers now.

They are studying the economic situation in the area.

I am not learning French, I am learning

They haven’t sold the products, they are selling them now.

The 2 companies are competing in the market.

We are applying new technologies.

Are you working at the report on a macroeconomic problem?

The consumption of fruit and vegetables is increasing in our country.

Is unemployment growing at the moment?

PUT THE VERBS IN BRACKETS INTO PRESENT CONTINUOUS PASSIVE. Example: The new equipment has been bought and (to transport) to the factory = The new equipment has been bought and is being transported to the factory.

Profit and losses of the firm are being analyzed by the manager at the moment.

Is the distribution of incomes being changed in the country?

Has the decision been made or the problem is still being discussed?

Market mechanism is being studied by the economists.

A new government is being formed at the moment.

The oil isn’t being processed, it is being transported now.

Fruit is being processed into juice.

Market forces are being used by the government to stimulate agricultural production.

Essential conditions for successful work of the company on the market are being studied by the manager.

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS TO THE TEXT

Agricultural economics is developing rapidly as it is important for most countries of the world.

To understand agricultural economies it is necessary to know how crops are sown, cultivated, fertilized, and harvested, how livestock are bred, raised, fattened, and sold.

One of the main characteristics of agricultural sector is its great dependence on natural conditions, such as climate, weather, soil, etc.

Farms of the same type working under different natural conditions use different livestock breeds, crop varieties, harvesting machinery, etc.

The main reasons for rising efficiency are as following: better agricultural technology; better capital inputs, such as machinery; achievements in biological sciences.

There are two main factors limiting further rise of efficiency: increasing energy scarcity as well as the loss of topsoil and water.

Farm incomes vary from year to year, because they depend on weather conditions and changes in demand for and supply of most farm products.

VII. USE EITHER PARTICIPLE I OR PARTICIPLE II. Example: prices (affecting/affected) by market forces = prices affected by market forces.

Farms rising wheat and other crops, livestock raised in southern regions, enterprises working successfully, recently bought machinery, supply of agricultural products depending on weather conditions, a book dealing with problems of education economics, consumption growing every year, differences in buyer’s behavior considered by the economist.

VIII. CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO THE PASSIVE VOICE. Example: They are raising labour efficiency by means of new machinery = Labour efficiency is raised by means of new machinery.

Labour efficiency has been raised by means of new machinery.

Economic conditions in the region are being changed by the government policy.

The distribution of labour force in the country is being studied by the economists.

New equipment has been bought.

Prices of goods are influenced by demand and supply.

A variety of electronic equipment is produced by Japan.

A new technology to use less oil is being developed.

Natural conditions of the region are being analyzed.

Prices of its goods have been increased by the company.

New better products are being introduced by companies under conditions of competitions.

PUT SOME OT THE SAME

Some regions lead in manufacturing, some lead in agriculture.

Conditions in southern regions are not the same as in northern regions.

The reasons for energy scarcity are not the same as in northern regions.

In some countries living standards have risen in the last decade, in some countries they are the same as they were ten years ago, in some countries they have become worse.

This farm raises the same breeds of livestock as most farms of the regions.

Some livestock breeds are more rapidly growing than others.

PUT THE FOLLOWING WORDS INTO THE GAPS IN THE CORRECT FORM

Macroeconomics analyzes economy conditions.

Tourism develops more rapidly and successfully in Southern Europe than in Northern Europe.

We don’t know the reason for the manager’s decision to engage two more workers.

Coca-Cola is one of the leading producers of soft drinks. Its main competitor is Pepsi-Cola. However I don’t see any differences between drinks.

The manager doesn’t cope with the task of introducing the new product to the market.

The crop didn’t grow well last year as the weather conditions were not proper for it.

Unlike rice, wheat does not require warm climate conditions.

As supply grows prices become lower.

The degree of dependence of agriculture on nature as a whole is higher than that of other industries.