1. A. Compare the pairs of sentences and explain the use of tenses:

1. It’s 10 o’clock. He is drinking coffee. Действие происходит сейчас.

Usually he drinks tea. Действие обычное.

2. It’s 9 o’clock. She is arriving at work. Действие происходит сейчас.

She usually arrives at this time. Действие обычное.

3. It’s one o’clock. They are having lunch. Действие происходит сейчас.

They always have lunch at home. Действие обычное.

4. It’s 5 o’clock. I am shopping. Действие происходит сейчас.

 I like to do the shopping in the evening. Действие обычное.

В. Say what the following people do every day and what they are doing now:

My neighbor always smiles. He is smiling now.

My fellow-student usually gets up at 7 o’clock. He is geting up now.

Mr. Grey is working now. He usually works at home.

A teacher always works at school. He is working here now.

I am havin breakfast now. I sometimes have breakfast at home.

My parents always help me. They are helping me now.

My sister always studies well. She is studying at university now.

2. Read the following answers and write the questions.

1. Usually at half past seven. When do you usually get up?

2. I am having a break. What are you doing now?

3. She has lunch at half past one. When does she have lunch?

4. They are playing in the garden. What are they doing now?

5. At five o’clock he has a rest. When does she have a rest?

6. She leaves home at 8 o’clock. When does she leave home?

7. He is leaving now. What is she doing now?

8. She is having dinner, don’t disturb her. What is she doing now?

3. Describe the given situation in one sentence using either the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous

Model:

A. Situation: Mrs. Martin is a music teacher. She is in class Now

Response: She is playing the piano.

B. Situation: 1 am an English teacher.

Response: You teach English

 

1. Jane Martin is very athletic. She is a good skier. She skies well.

2. My mother likes the theatre very much. Today she is at home and I am at the theatre. She is sitting at home, I am sitting at the theatre.

3. Tereza has a job as a typist. She is at work now. She is typing now.

4. I like tennis and play it well I am in the court now. I am playing tennis now.

5. Ted is on the bus now on his way home. Ted is going home.

6. John is a famous tennis player. John plays tennis.

7. My nephew likes juice. There is a glass of it in his hand. She is drinking juice.

8. Alice likes cakes for dessert. She is at table now. She is eating a dessert.

9. The climate is wet in this part of the country, especially in autumn. Autum is wet here.

10. The sky is overcast. I hear drops of rain. It is raining now.

4. Answer the questions.

1. Who is sitting next to you in class? Next to me sits Oleg.

Does she usually sit with you? Yes, he usually sits with me.

2. Is it raining now? Yes, it is raining now.

Does it often rain in this region in autumn? Yes, it often rains in autumn.

3. Where is your baby? My baby is in the room.

Is she playing with her dolls? Yes, she is playing with her dolls.

 Does your daughter like to play with dolls or does she prefer other toys? My daughter likes to play with dolls.

4. Is it snowing? No, it isn’t snowing.

Shall I put on my warm coat? Yes, you shall put on your warm coat.

Does it snow much in England? Yes, it snows much in England.

5. What do you do for your living? I am a teacher.

 What are you doing? I am teaching people.

Why are you so dirty? I am cooking a cake.

5. Choose the correct form:

1. He is working (works) every day from 9 till 5.

2. — What are you eating (do you eat)?

— It’s a sandwich.

3. — What are you looking (do you look) at? — My brother’s photos.

4. — She is usually playing (plays) in the garden.

5, — Mary is busy. She is cooking (cooks) in the kitchen.

6, — It is snowing (snows) a lot here in winter.

7. — Look It is raining (rains)! Don’t forget your umbrella

8, — I don’t like thunderstorms because it is thundering (thunders) and there are flashes of lightning

6. Make up a dialogue about your future plans. Use the Present Continuous Model: — What are you doing this afternoon, John?

— Well, I’m helping my father.

— Oh, where?

— In his office.

— And what are you doing this evening?

I’m going to the cinema.

 

— Well, I’m visiting my mother.

— Oh, where?

— In his village.

— And where are you going this evening?

I’m going to the park.

 

7. You have a very large family. Your eldest child is You never leave them alone, But this afternoon you hours, Now you’re back home. What do you see? What is each of your doing?

TEXT

BRITISH WEATHER

When British people want to feel proud of their climate, they say:

«It’s marvelous: there’s so much variety. In the middle of winter, we often have a lovely warm sunny day. The countryside is always changing.

There’s a lot of rain, of course, but that’s why the fields are so green.» But when they want to complain about the weather, they have different arguments. «You never know what to wear; the weather changes all the time. When you go on holiday, you have to take a warm coat, a scarf, an umbrella, wellingtons, sunglasses — you need three suitcases! Every time the weather changes you get a cold.»

There is one topic of conversation which never fails — the weather.

Here is one aspect of it

The British seasons do not have much variation: it always seems to rain winter, spring, summer and autumn.

The winters can get quite cold in early January and sometimes we may get a couple of inches of snow.

Spring is slightly warmer than winter but it continues to rain though you do get odd sunny days.

Summer can be dry but it never gets very hot. Autumn gets quite miserable as the trees lose their leaves, and it becomes cold and windy.»

Answer the questions:

1. Why do the English say they have weather not climate? They say it because weather always changes.

2. Do you think they are proud of it? Yes, I do. I think that they are proud of it.

3. What do they say when they are disappointed in the weather? They say — It’s marvelous: there’s so much variety.

4. What do you think of the pessimistic outlook on the English climate presented in the text? I think that every weather is good. There is no bad weather in nature.

5. Describe: a) winter and autumn in England, b) spring and summer. The winters can get quite cold in early January and sometimes we may get a couple of inches of snow.

Spring is slightly warmer than winter but it continues to rain though you do get odd sunny days. Summer can be dry but it never gets very hot. Autumn gets quite miserable as the trees lose their leaves, and it becomes cold and windy.

6. Do you think the weather can make you feel miserable? I don’t think so.

7. What kind of weather do you like? I like sunny and warm weather.

Mate up a short dialogue describing a typical winter day (use word combinations and sentences from the text).

British people want to feel proud of their climate.

You need three suitcases.

 

 

 Hi!

 Do you like British weather?

 Yes, I do. It’s marvelous: there’s so much variety.

 I agree. In the middle of winter, we often have a lovely warm sunny day. The countryside is always changing.

 Does it often rain?

 There’s a lot of rain, of course, but that’s why the fields are so green.

 You never know what to wear; the weather changes all the time. When you go on holiday, you have to take a warm coat, a scarf, an umbrella, wellingtons, sunglasses — you need three suitcases!

 Nice. Every time the weather changes you get a cold.

 

1. Note the use of adjectives after the verbs to look, to smell, to taste. Put the necessary adjective into the sentences.

The apple tastes good.

1. The cheese smells delicious.

2. She looks sad as her brother has left for America.

3. I feel cold and cold all over. I think I’m ill.

4. The suitcase looks heavy.

5. They are funny.

6. She feels quite well now that she is married to George.

7. — Oh, the dinner smells delicious. I do feel well. I hope it also tastes delicious.

8. Your puddings always taste sweet.

good

funny

sad

cold

serious

delicious heavy

hungry sweet

happy

hot

Note: I feel well.

2. Answer the questions using Pattern I:

1. How do you feel? I feel well.

2. Do you like lilies? How do they smell? I like lilies. They smell delicious.

3. How are things with Mary? They are good.

4. Dinner is ready, isn’t it? Yes, it is. It is ready.

5. Why don’t you want to eat the ham? I am not hungry.

6. Do you like the pie? Yes, I do. It smells delicious.

7. Are you ill? Yes, I am cold.

8. What’s wrong with the pudding? It is hot.

3. Note the difference between need as a notional verb and need — needn’t as a modal verb, used only in negative and interrogative sentences. Complete the sentences to make them correct, insert need or needn’t, and use the infinitive in brackets correctly.

1. I need any help.

2. The garden needs rain.

3. You needn’t do it. I’ve translated the article.

4. This chapter needs rewriting.

5.What he needs is a good whipping.

6. She needn’t go, it’s raining.

7. Need you leave so soon?

8. Need he know it?

9. It needs be done carefully.

10. We needn’t hurry we’ve plenty of time.

4. Answer the questions.

1. What do you need for a happy life? I need my family.

2. Do you need to work to make money? Yes, I need work to make money.

3. What needn’t you do not to spoil your own and other people’s lives? I needn’t be noisy.

4. Do you need to be reminded of your promise or can you keep your word? Yes, I do. I need to be reminded of my promise.

5. You needn’t break rules, need you? Yes, I do.

6. DIALOGUE

It’s too hot to go shopping this morning,

— No, it’s not. It’s just pleasantly warm. Today is another good day, much the same as yesterday.

Well, you go, if you want to. I’ll stay here and keep cool.

-O.K., but if it is even hotter this afternoon, you won’t like it here.

The weather forecast promises it’ll cloud over gradually during the day tomorrow, and there is a threat tomorrow evening and night of some showery outbreaks of rain.

— Oh, I’m happy to hear that, this heat is oppressive.

Answer the questions.

1. What is the difference in the attitude of the speakers to the weather? The speakers likes hot weather.

2. What kind of weather do you prefer on a summer day? On a summer day I prefer hot and dry weather.

3. What is the weather forecast for the next day in the text? The weather forecast promises it’ll cloud over gradually during the day tomorrow, and there is a threat tomorrow evening and night of some showery outbreaks of rain.

4. What does the weather forecast promise for tomorrow in our region? It will be hot.

 

Make up your own dialogues using the given text as a model.

Prompts: windy, wet, to clear up, severe cold, to get warmer, a threat of a thunderstorm, snowfalls.

 

It’s too windy to go to a village this evening,

— No, it’s not. It’s just pleasantly wet. Today is another good day, much the same as yesterday.

Well, you go, if you want to. I’ll stay here and keep cool.

-O.K., but if it is even hotter this afternoon, you won’t like it here.

The weather forecast promises it’ll get warmet over gradually during the day tomorrow, and there is a threat of thunderstorm tomorrow evening and night of some snowflakes.

— Oh, I’m not happy to hear that, because I don’t like winter.

 

Exercises

1. Say what the weather is like in each situation;

1. It’s so unpleasant to go out. Don’t forget your umbrella. It is rainy.

2. Don’t go out bareheaded and take your sunglasses, please. It is sunny.

3. Slow down. We can’t see a thing. It’s easy to run over somebody. It is windy.

4. I can’t say definitely. It may rain one minute and clear up the next. It is rainy.

5. Walk slowly and carefully. After yesterday’s warm rain the temperature has fallen to 2° below zero. It is frosty.

2. Look through the vocabulary notes and insert the right word.

change — differ

1. The room is not ready. Change the sheets, please.

2. The witch changed the prince into a toad.

3. The brothers differ widely in character.

4. Change the dress, this is stained.

5. Nylon differs from silk as to origin and cost.

6. This car has changed hands several times.

7. I differ from you there.

8. My husband and I often differ but we’re quite happy together.

stay — remain

1. I stay late at the party last night.

2. He remained silent throughout the evening.

3, It only stayed for me to say that you were right.

4. Can you stay for dinner or must you go?

5. My wife’s mother is staying with us this weekend.

6. The room still remains to be painted.

couple — pair

1. We stayed a couple of days there.

2. I’ve only got one pair of hands.

3. A husband and wife are spoken of as a couple.

4. I want to buy a pair of trousers.

5. I found a pair of socks but they don’t make a couple.

6. I have to see a couple of people.

7. Give me a pair of scissors.

various — different

1. Of all the various ways of cooking an egg, I like boiling best.

2 Your reasons for not wanting to meet Smith may be many and different.

3. Mary and John are quite different.

4. This is a different car from the one I drove yesterday

5. Various people among those present thought they’d heard about the aircraft.

6. We make this dress in different colours.

3. Make up situations of your own using the following expressions:

1. to go on a picnic, unbearable heat, to change, showery outbreaks of rain, to stay in the open air, weather forecast, to promise;

I went on a picnic. It was unbearable heat. But then the weather changed. There were showery outbreaks of rain. We had to stay in the open air. Weather forecast promiseв better weather.

2. variety, to remain green all year round, a warm and wet climate, pleasant (unpleasant), no change.

There is a variety of weather in our country. But it remains green all year round. There is a warm and wet climate. Our weather is pleasant and doesn’t change.

5. A. Read the text and fill in the blanks with the given words.

The Weather in Britain

In Britain the weather is very changeable, it rains a lot but the sun often shines too.

Can be sometimes cold with an average temperature of 5°C in the South; there is often snow.

Summers can be cool or warm, but the temperature does not usually go above 30°C. It is often cloudy and there are at a time grey skies for days or weeks winters.

Days are long in summer and short in winter. There is sometimes fog, but not so often as foreigners think. British people never know what tomorrow’s weather will be like.

skies, temperature, know, people, sometimes, often, but, short, changeable, winters, long, weather, fairly, rains, at a time, does

6. Translate into English:

1. Британцы говорит: «В других странах — климат, а у нас — погода». Погода в Великобритании часто меняется. Одни день погода может быть прекрасной, а на другой день дождливой. Утром может быть тепло, а вечером прохладно, погода — хороший предмет для разговора. Англичане любят обсуждать погоду, особенно когда встречаются два незнакомых человека. Прогноз погоды вы можете найти в газете; радио и телевидение передают прогноз несколько раз в день.

2. Сегодня холодно, морозно, но солнечно и сухо, а завтра обещают моросящий дождь. Лучше нам остаться дома не ездить за город.

3. Климат у нас влажный зимой, зимы холодные, лето теплое и влажное. Летом часто бывают грозы. Самый жаркий месяц — мюль. Но на севере страны климат другой (different). Страна большая, и в ней много разнообразия.

1. The British say: «In other countries is the climate, but here is the weather.» The weather in the UK changes frequently. One day the weather can be beautiful, and the next day rainy. It can be warm in the morning and cool in the evening, the weather is a good subject for conversation. The English love to discuss the weather, especially when two strangers meet. You can find the weather forecast in the newspaper; radio and television broadcast the forecast several times a day.

2. Today it is cold, frosty, but sunny and dry, and tomorrow they promise drizzling rain. It’s better for us to stay at home and not go out of town.

3. Our climate is humid in winter, winters are cold, summers are warm and humid. Thunderstorms are frequent in summer. The hottest month is Mule. But in the north of the country the climate is different. The country is big and has a lot of diversity.

7. a. Read the weather-forecasts, translate them into Russian

A. Weather: Mostly dry with sunny spells.

Outlook for tomorrow and Thursday: Mostly dry, becoming mild.

B. Weather: Sunny, with the mist and foggy patches, clearing in the next hour, prolonged sunshine throughout the day.

Outlook for tomorrow and Sunday: Cloudy with a few showers, much cooler, maximum 23°C, not much sunshine.

C. Weather: Cloudy, rain at times. Mainly dry in North-East Scotland.

Outlook for weekend: Rain, prolonged in places, cool.

b. Give the forecast for a frosty winter day, a dull summer day, a day in late autumn or early spring.

C. Weather: Frosty, snowing at times. Mainly snowing in East England.

 

A. Погода: Преимущественно сухая с проблесками солнца.

Прогноз на завтра и четверг: Преимущественно сухая, становится теплее.

B. Погода: Солнечно, с дымкой и туманом, прояснение в ближайший час, продолжительное солнце в течение всего дня.

Прогноз на завтра и воскресенье: Облачно, местами дожди, гораздо прохладнее, максимум 23°C, мало солнца.

C. Погода: Облачно, местами дождь. Сухо в основном на северо-востоке Шотландии.

Прогноз на выходные: Дождь, местами затяжной, прохладный.

 

8. Describe each season using suggested words and expressions and topical vocabulary:

Winter:

There is a good fall of snow. It often freezes. Sometimes is hard frost. Snow sparkles. There are icicles. People slide, ski, skate.

Spring:

The thaw begins. Snows melts. Days last last longer. Sometimes it rains heavily. There are thunderstorms.

Summer:

Sky is bright. There are many clouds, floating across the sky. People go on a holiday. Sometimes it rains hard.

Autumn:

People plough fields. It is harvest time. Harvest is ripe. People reap corn. It someties drizzles. The sky is overcast. Sometimes the ground can be splash and muddy.

Prompt: You may use the following text as a model:

Snow

It is snowing. Kiln says: «Come and make a snowman.» They put on boots. They put on coats. They all go out in the snow. They make a big snowman with big beet eyes. They laugh and laugh. He needs a hat, they say. Christine puts her red hat on the snowman’s head. He wants a coat, they say. Paul puts his black coat on the snowman’s back. He wants some boots, they say. Millicet puts dad’s boots on the snowman.

Look out, they cry. The snowman will come after you.

They laugh and laugh.

9. Match the words:

changeable weather

heavy rainfall

black sunglasses

high wellingtons

dry climate

dark cloud

fair chance

10. Do you know?

The name of January comes from Janus, an old Roman god with two faces, one looking forward and the other back. He was the god of beginnings and endings.

January is the first month of the year, a month in which people look forward to the new year and also look back to the old one. New Year’s Day, in Roman times, was the God’s festival. People usually gave copper coins to each other which had Janus’s double head on one side and a ship on the other.

The Anglo-Saxons called this month Wolf Month.

 

Название месяца «январь» происходит от Януса, древнеримского бога с двумя лицами, одно смотрит вперед, а другое назад. Он был богом начала и конца.

Январь — первый месяц года, месяц, когда люди с нетерпением ждут нового года, а также оглядываются на старый. Новый год во времена Римской империи был Божьим праздником. Люди обычно дарили друг другу медные монеты, на одной стороне которых была изображена двойная голова Януса, а на другой — корабль.

Англосаксы называли этот месяц Месяцем Волка.

Translate the text into Russian. What information can you give?

13. Retell in English using the vocabulary of the unit.

Дождик

Идет дождь. Но зонтик не дает мне промокнуть. Шапка и плащ не дают мне промокнуть. Дождик делает лужи, но мои резиновые сапоги не дают мне промокнуть. Приятно гулять по лужам. Дождь делает дороги мокрыми. Машины не должны ехать быстро. Скользко! Если идет сильный дождь, то реки переполняются.

Это называется наводнение.

Если вдет сильный дождь и дуст холодный ветер, это называется бурей. Во время бури вы иногда слышите хлопни. Это гром. Вы можете увидеть и молнию.

Иногда прямо из туч падают маленькие шарики льда, это град. Иногда во время дождя светит солнце, и вы можете увидеть радугу. Какие в радуге цвета? Кто знает?

Деревья и цветы любят дождь, он помогает им расти.

 

Rain

It’s raining. But the umbrella doesn’t let me get wet. Hat and raincoat keep me from getting wet. The rain makes puddles, but my rubber boots keep me dry. It’s nice to walk in the puddles. Rain makes the roads wet. Cars don’t have to go fast. Slippery! If it rains heavily, the rivers overflow.

It’s called a flood.

If it rains heavily and a cold wind blows, it is called a storm. During a storm, you sometimes hear clapping. This is thunder. You can also see lightning.

Sometimes small balls of ice fall right out of the clouds, this is hail. Sometimes when it rains the sun shines and you can see a rainbow. What are the colors in the rainbow? Who knows?

Trees and flowers love rain, it helps them grow.

15. Read the text and express your point of view.

Save Our Forests

The world has over 9 million square km of forests. This is a lot of trees, and also a lot of different species of trees. But they are disappearing fast.

In many of our towns there are streets or areas where the names remind us that forests have been cleared to make way for us to live.

Every day we see paper and cardboard — both made from wood — being used up. We see different kinds of wood being used in furniture and in other ways. Every year over 100,000 sq. km of forest are cleared completely for various uses, another 100,000 sq. km is so badly damaged that it is very hard for it to recover. At this rate, by the time you are as old as your grandparents are now all the forests on earth could be destroyed. In fact, the rate of destruction is increasing, so in only just over thirty years there will be very little forest left in most areas. This includes rainforests in Madagascar, Ecuador, Amazonia, Cameroon, the Himalayas and the Philippines.

The giant forests help to control the world’s weather and to produce much of the oxygen. Because of this we should all be concerned about the future of our forests even if we live in countries where there are few forests left.

 

I think that we should protect our nature and take care of it.

 

(1) Extracting ideas. Choose the statement which gives the most accurate summary of the passage.

1. In many of our towns there are streets where the names remind us that forests have been cleared to make way for us to live.

2. Every year over 100,000 sq. km of forest are cleared up for various uses.

3. The rate of destruction of forest is increasing, so in only just over 30 years there will be very little forest left in most areas.

4. The giant forests help to control the world’s weather and to produce much of the oxygen in the air.

 

(2) Say in what part of the world the geographical names mentioned are situated. Madagascar, Ecuador, Amazonia, Cameroon, the Himalayas and the Philippines.

(3) What is the problem raised in the text? Do you think it is important nowadays?

The problem of dissapearing of woods is raised in the text. The problem is very important today.

(4) Speak on the following subjects (Arrange a round-table talk):

1. Ecology today. What should be done to solve ecological problems?

How can we can help our environment

Avoid peat-based composts.

Keep your garden or greenspace chemical free.

Don’t buy single-use plastics.

Shop locally, shop organically.

Record the wildlife near you.

Re-use and recycle.

Reduce your carbon footprint.

Plant pollinator-friendly plants.

 

2. What do ecologists do to preserve forests, water bodies, etc.? These include cleansing the water (wetlands and marshes) and air (forests), pollinating crops and other important plants (insects, birds, bats), and absorbing and detoxifying pollutants (soils and plants).

3. The problem of the Aral Sea, the Baikal Lake, the Volga river and other areas in this country. The desiccation of the Aral Sea is the result of water extraction from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers during the Soviet era for irrigation of cotton, wheat, and rice. These unsustainable water management practices transformed the landscape and ecosystem.

TIPS FOR PARENTS

Translate the text in writing.

PLEASE, REMEMBER!

1. It can take time for love for your baby to grow, so don’t worry if you are one of the many parents who don’t feel love instantly.

2. You can’t spoil a new baby. The more you cuddle and attend to his or her needs. the more the love between you will grow.

3. This is your baby, so try not to compare his or her progress or personality with those of other babies, all babies, like adults, are different.

4. Listen to your baby or children to learn what he or she needs.

5. Trust your own instincts more than the advice of well-meaning friends.

6. Don’t tell your children they are being naughty when what you really mean is that you are finding it difficult to cope with their behaviour.

7. Most two-year-olds have temper tantrums — usually, because they are frustrated and want to do more than they are able to do. As they get older the tantrums should stop.

8. Distracting children from behaviour you don’t like is much better than punishing them for it.

9. Don’t expect too much of your child when he or she is learning to make friends and manage in the big, wide world of nursery or school, it all takes time.

10. Be positive about your children’s appearance and efforts, and give them lots of praise.

Write a paragraph expressing your own attitude to the given information.

Children are not our property. They do not come into this world for our gratification and fighting parental prowess. They come to us for a while, for a very short time, although the time is very important for the rest of the life span. We are given the opportunity in this short time to recreate ourselves again, our best copy, we so want them to be like us, do like we do, think like we do.

 

ПОЖАЛУЙСТА, ПОМНИТЕ!

1. Любовь к вашему ребенку может занять некоторое время, поэтому не беспокойтесь, если вы один из многих родителей, которые не чувствуют любовь мгновенно.

2. Нельзя испортить нового ребенка. Чем больше вы обнимаетесь и обращаете внимание на его или ее потребности. тем больше любовь между вами будет расти.

3. Это ваш ребенок, поэтому старайтесь не сравнивать его или ее прогресс или личность с другими детьми, все дети, как и взрослые, разные.

4. Слушайте своего ребенка или детей, чтобы узнать, что ему или ей нужно.

5. Доверяйте своим инстинктам больше, чем советам благонамеренных друзей.

6. Не говорите своим детям, что они непослушны, когда на самом деле вы имеете в виду, что вам трудно справиться с их поведением.

7. У большинства двухлетних детей случаются истерики – обычно потому, что они расстроены и хотят сделать больше, чем они в состоянии сделать. По мере взросления истерики должны прекращаться.

8. Гораздо лучше отвлекать детей от поведения, которое вам не нравится, чем наказывать их за это.

9. Не ожидайте слишком многого от своего ребенка, когда он или она учится заводить друзей и управлять в большом, необъятном мире детского сада или школы, на все это нужно время.

10. Положительно относитесь к внешнему виду и усилиям ваших детей и хвалите их.