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Britain is an old country and there are a lot of holidays. Holidays in the country are historic and public. Most public holidays are called bank holidays. Such holidays include New Year’s Day, Easter Monday and others.
At Easter, the British give each other chocolate eggs, which they eat on Easter Sunday.
Christmas is on the 25th of December. Families like to spend this day together. It is the most important holiday of the year. Children hang colourful socks at the end of their beds for presents.
New Year’s Day is not as important in Britain as it is in Russia.

St. Valentine’s Day is celebrated on the 14th of February. Young people give flowers and greeting cards to their Valentines and celebrate this day together.
Halloween is a holiday loved by all children. It takes place on the 31st of October.

Among historic holidays, Guy Fawkes Night can be mentioned. In the 15th century, a group of people with Guy Fawkes as their leader decided to blow up the Houses of Parliament. They did not manage to do this and Guy Fawkes was caught and hanged. Since then the British celebrate this day burning a doll made of straw and dressed in old clothes on a bonfire. Children dress in old clothes and beg in the street saying: A penny for the Guy.

Дисциплина « Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции»

Контрольная работа.

1. Письменно переведите следующий текст на русский язык.

THE AIMS OF LAW

Law has several aims. They are all concerned with making society more stable. The law forbids certain ways of behaving like murder, fraud, and requires others, like paying income tax. If people disobey the rules the law threatens them with punishment. The idea is that within this framework of do’s and don’ts people can live more securely and treat one another better.

A second aim is the following. Laws guarantee to people who buy and sell goods, make wills, take employment, form companies and so on that the state will if necessary enforce these arrangements.

A third aim is to settle disputes about what the law is and whether it has been broken. Taking these three aims together, we see that law not only threatens those who do what it forbids but promises to protect people’s interests. It imposes restrictions on them but also gives them certain guarantees.

Lastly, a very important aim of law is to settle what the system of government is to be. Today, and for the last few hundred years, we have been mainly governed by sovereign states. That is changing. We are now increasingly governed, indirectly or directly, by international bodies (for example the European Union). But the state still occupies central place, especially when it comes to enforcing laws.

ЦЕЛИ ЗАКОНА

У закона есть несколько целей. Все они для того, чтобы сделать общество более стабильным. Закон запрещает определенные способы поведения, такие как убийство, мошенничество и требует другие, такие как уплата подоходного налога. Если люди не соблюдают правила, то закон грозит им наказанием. Идея заключается в том, что в рамках того, что можно и что нельзя, люди не могут жить более безопасно и лучше относиться друг к другу.

Вторая цель заключается в следующем. Законы гарантируют людям, которые покупают и продают товары, делают завещания, устраиваются на работу, создают компании и т. д., что государство при необходимости обеспечит соблюдение этих договоренностей.

Третья цель – это разрешить споры о том, что такое закон и был ли он нарушен. Объединив все эти три цели, мы понимаем, что закон не только угрожает тем, кто делает то, что он запрещает, но и обещает защитить интересы людей. Он налагает на них ограничения, но также дает им определенные гарантии.

Наконец, очень важной целью закона является разрешение вопроса о том, каковой должна быть система управления. Сегодня и в течение последних нескольких сотен лет нами в основном управляют суверенные государства. Все меняется. Сейчас нами все чаще управляют, косвенно или напрямую, международные органы (например, Европейский союз). Но государство по-прежнему занимает центральное место, особенно когда речь идет о соблюдении законов.

2. Составьте список юридических терминов, употребленных в тексте, и

переведите их на русский язык.

Law — закон

society — общество

forbid — запрещать

murder — убийство

fraud — мошенничество

disobey — не подчиняться

rules — правила

punishment- наказание

securely — безопасно

guarantee — гарантировать

arrangements — договоренности

protect — защищать

impose restrictions – вводить ограничения

govern — управлять

3. Письменно составьте 5 общих и 5 специальных вопросов к тексту.

ОБЩИЕ

1. Does law have several aims?

2. Are they all concerned with making society more stable?

3. Does the law forbid certain ways of behaving like murder, fraud?

4. Do laws guarantee to people who buy and sell goods, make wills, take employment, form companies and so on that the state will if necessary enforce these arrangements?

5. Does it impose restrictions on them but also gives them certain guarantees?

СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫЕ

1. How many aims does law have?

2. What are they all concerned with?

3. What does the law forbid?

4. What will the law do if people disobey the rules?

5. What do the laws guarantee to people who buy and sell goods, make wills, take employment, form companies and so on?

4. Письменно составьте план и краткий пересказ текста.

1. The first aim of law.

The law forbids certain ways of behaving like murder, fraud, and requires others, like paying income tax. If people disobey the rules the law threatens them with punishment.

2. The second and the third aim of law.

Laws guarantee to people who buy and sell goods, make wills, take employment, form companies that the state will if necessary enforce these arrangements. A third aim is to settle disputes about what the law is and whether it has been broken. Lastly, a very important aim of law is to settle what the system of government is to be.

3. State and its place.

We have been mainly governed by sovereign states. We are now increasingly governed, indirectly or directly, by international bodies. But the state still occupies central place, especially when it comes to enforcing laws.

5. Подготовьте сообщение на тему «Law is my future profession» (задание к экзамену)

One of the most popular professions among the young people of our country is the profession of a lawyer. In my opinion the profession of a lawyer is very interesting, diverse and quite necessary for regulation of social relations in the state.

A lawyer must be a perfect expert in laws and their proper usage. The lawyer may deal with different types of people so he should be competent in human psychology and human understanding. In addition to his profession the lawyer must have a broad cultural training. The profession of a lawyer may give the specialist a lot of opportunities to use his professional and personal competence.

Soon we’ll be able to join the army of lawyers. I do my best to become a good specialist. I study a lot of general and special subjects: Roman Law, Labour Law, Family Law, Constitutional Law and Administrative Law, Civil Law, Criminal Law, Philosophy, foreign languages, etc.

That’s what I know about my profession now. And it makes me think that in some years I’ll be able to find the job in accordance with the knowledge I get, because our department trains specialists for working in court, Office of Public Prosecutor, Notary, other juridical bodies and also in legal service of national economy.