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TEXT I

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DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT

We define management as the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups, accomplish efficiently selected aims. This basic definition needs to be expanded.

1. As managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
2. Management applies to any kind of organization.
3. It applies to managers at all organizational levels. Management applies to small and large organisations, to profit and not-for-profit enterprises, to manufacturing as well as service industries.

The term «enterprise» refers to business, government agencies, hospitals, universities, and other organizations. Effective managing is the concern of the corporation president, the hospital administrator, first line supervisor and the like.

Managers are charged with responsibility of taking actions that will make it possible for individuals to make their best contributions to group objectives.

   The scope of authority held may vary and the types of problems dealt with may be considerably different. But all managers obtain results by establishing an environment for effective group endeavour. Top-level managers spend more time on planning and organising than lower-level managers. Leading takes a great deal of time for first-line supervisors.

In a very real sense, in all kinds of organizations, whether business or nonbusiness, the logical and most desirable aim of all managers should be making a profit — managers must establish an environment in which people can accomplish group goals with the least amount of time, money, materials and personal dissatisfaction¹, or where they can achieve as much as possible of a desired goal with available resources. In a nonbusiness enterprises, such as a police department or hospital, that are not responsible for total business profits, managers still have goals and should strive to accomplish as much as possible with available resources.

Notes to the text

1 with the least amount of time, money, materials and personal dissatisfaction –  наименьшими затратами времени, денег, материалов и максимальным чувством удовлетворения работающих

1. Найдите в тексте следующие слова и словосочетания и напишите их английские эквиваленты.

Создавать и поддерживать условия внутренней среды организации, достигать цели, выполнять (осуществлять) управленческие функции, планирование, организация, комплектование персонала, руководство, контроль, коммерческая организация, некоммерческая организация, отрасли обрабатывающей промышленности, отрасли сферы услуг, государственные структуры, младший начальник, наделять ответственностью, вносить вклад, диапазон полномочий, иметь дело с, коллективные усилия, управленец высшего звена, управленец низшего звена, желанная цель, прибыль, получать прибыль, доступные ресурсы, быть ответственным за, прилагать усилия (стараться).

To create and maintain the conditions of the internal environment of the organization, to achieve the goal, to perform (carry out) management functions, planning, organization, staffing, leadership, control, commercial organization, non-profit organization, manufacturing industries, service industries, government agencies, junior boss, empower responsibility, contribute, range of authority, deal with, collective effort, top manager, lower manager, desired goal, profit, to make a profit, available resources, to be accountable for, to make an effort (to try).

2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы.
3. How is management defined? We define management as the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups, accomplish efficiently selected aims.
4. What kind of process is it? It is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups, accomplish efficiently selected aims. This basic definition needs to be expanded.
5. How can this definition be expanded? This basic definition needs to be expanded.
6. As managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
7. Management applies to any kind of organization.
8. It applies to managers at all organizational levels. Management applies to small and large organisations, to profit and not-for-profit enterprises, to manufacturing as well as service industries.
9. What kinds of organizations does management apply to? Management applies to any kind of organization.
10. What does the term «enterprise» refer to? The term «enterprise» refers to business, government agencies, hospitals, universities, and other organizations.
11. What is the main responsibility of managers? Managers are charged with responsibility of taking actions that will make it possible for individuals to make their best contributions to group objectives.
12. What types of problems do they deal with? The scope of authority held may vary and the types of problems dealt with may be considerably different. But all managers obtain results by establishing an environment for effective group endeavour. Top-level managers spend more time on planning and organising than lower-level managers. Leading takes a great deal of time for first-line supervisors.
13. What is their scope of authority? The scope of authority held may vary and the types of problems dealt with may be considerably different.
14. How can managers obtain good results? But all managers obtain results by establishing an environment for effective group endeavour.
15. How do managerial functions differ on different levels of management? Top-level managers spend more time on planning and organising than lower-level managers. Leading takes a great deal of time for first-line supervisors.
16. What is the most desirable aim of all managers? In a very real sense, in all kinds of organizations, whether business or nonbusiness, the logical and most desirable aim of all managers should be making a profit — managers must establish an environment in which people can accomplish group goals with the least amount of time, money, materials and personal dissatisfaction, or where they can achieve as much as possible of a desired goal with available resources.
17. What should they do to achieve this aim? In a very real sense, in all kinds of organizations, whether business or nonbusiness, the logical and most desirable aim of all managers should be making a profit — managers must establish an environment in which people can accomplish group goals with the least amount of time, money, materials and personal dissatisfaction, or where they can achieve as much as possible of a desired goal with available resources.
18. How should they strive to accomplish their goals? In a nonbusiness enterprises, such as a police department or hospital, that are not responsible for total business profits, managers still have goals and should strive to accomplish as much as possible with available resources.
19. What is a nonbusiness (not-for-profit) enterprise? In a nonbusiness enterprises, such as a police department or hospital, that are not responsible for total business profits, managers still have goals and should strive to accomplish as much as possible with available resources.
20. How should managers at nonbusiness enterprise accomplish their goals? In a very real sense, in all kinds of organizations, whether business or nonbusiness, the logical and most desirable aim of all managers should be making a profit — managers must establish an environment in which people can accomplish group goals with the least amount of time, money, materials and personal dissatisfaction1, or where they can achieve as much as possible of a desired goal with available resources.

3. Переведите предложения письменно на русский язык.
4. Managers must establish an environment in which individuals can accomplish selected aims.
5. Managers are responsible for planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
6. Management applies to profit and not-for profit enterprises. Effective managing is the concern of managers at all levels.
7. Individuals strive to make their best contributions to group objectives.
8. Managers obtain good results by establishing an environment for effective group endeavour.
9. The scope of authority held by managers may vary in different organizations.
10. Managers deal with all types of problems and their responsibility is to make decisions and take actions.
11. The most desirable aim of all managers should be accomplishing group goals.
12. Managers should achieve the desired goals with available resources.
13. Nonbusiness enterprises are not responsible for total business profits.
14. Managers of not-for-profit enterprises should strive to accomplish the desirable objectives with the minimum of resources.
15. They should strive to accomplish as much as possible with available resources.
16. Managers are charged with a certain scope of authority and responsibility.
17. Менеджеры должны создать такие условия, в которых люди могут достигать выбранных целей.
18. Менеджеры несут ответственность за планирование, организацию, персонал, руководство и контроль.
19. Управление распространяется на коммерческие и некоммерческие предприятия. Эффективное управление – это работа руководителей всех уровней.
20. Люди стремятся внести свой лучший вклад в достижение целей группы.
21. Менеджеры добиваются хороших результатов, создавая среду для эффективных групповых усилий.
22. Объем полномочий менеджеров может различаться в разных организациях.
23. Менеджеры решают все типы проблем, и их ответственность — принимать решения и действовать.
24. Наиболее желанной целью всех менеджеров должно быть достижение групповых целей.
25. Менеджеры должны достигать желаемых целей с помощью имеющихся ресурсов.
26. Некоммерческие предприятия не несут ответственности за общую прибыль.
27. Руководители некоммерческих предприятий должны стремиться к достижению желаемых целей с минимальными ресурсами.
28. Они должны стремиться достичь как можно большего при имеющихся ресурсах.
29. На менеджеров возложены определенные полномочия и ответственность.

4. Закончите предложения, употребляя слова данные ниже.

1. Management is the process of designing and maintaining, an environment for effective accomplishing group goals.
2. Managers carry out planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling.
3. Management applies to any kind of organization, it applies to managers at all organizational levels.
4. Managers are charged with responsibility of taking actions that will make it possible for individuals to make their contributions to group objectives.
5. Managers can obtain good results by establishing an environment for effective group endeavor.
6. Top-level managers, and lower-level managers hold different available resources .
7. The logical and most desirable aim of all managers should be a surplus.
8. Managers must establish an environment in which people can accomplish group goals.

TEXT 2

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WHAT IS A MANAGER?

A number of different terms are often used instead of the term «manager», including «director», «administrator» and «president». The term «manager» is used more frequently in profit-making organizations, while the others are used more widely in government and non-profit organizations such as universities, hospitals and social work agencies.

So, whom do we call a «manager»?

In its broad meaning, the term «managers» applies to the people who are responsible for making and carrying out decisions within a certain system. A personnel manager directly supervises people in an organization. Financial manager is a person who is responsible for finance. Sales manager is responsible for selling goods. A marketing manager is responsible for promotion of products on the market.

Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making. When a problem exists a manager has to make a decision to solve it. In decision-making there is always some uncertainty and risk.

Management is a variety of specific activities. Management is a function of planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling. Any managerial system, at any managerial level, is characterized in terms of these general functions.

Managing is a responsible and hard job. There is a lot to be done and relatively little time to do it. In all types of organizations managerial efficiency depends on manager’s direct personal relationships, hard work on a variety of activities and preference for active tasks.

The characteristics of management often vary according to national culture, which can determine how managers are trained, how they lead people and how they approach their jobs.

The amount of responsibility of any individual in a company depends on the position that he or she occupies in its hierarchy. Managers, for example, are responsible for leading the people directly under them, who are called subordinates. To do this successfully, they must use their authority, which is the right to take decisions and give orders. Managers often delegate authority. This means that employees at lower levels in the company hierarchy can use their initiative that is make decisions without asking their manager.

1. Найдите в тексте следующие слова и словосочетания и напишите их английские эквиваленты.

Коммерческая организация, некоммерческая организация, быть ответственным за, принимать решение, выполнять (осуществлять) решение, начальник отдела кадров, контролировать, финансовый менеджер, руководитель отдела продаж, продавать товары, руководитель отдела маркетинга, продвижение товаров на рынок, принятие решений, управленческая система, управление (руководство), ответственная работа, эффективность, иерархия, руководить людьми, подчинённый, использовать власть, передавать полномочия.

Commercial organization, non-profit organization, be responsible for, make a decision, execute (implement) a decision, HR manager, supervise, financial manager, sales manager, sell goods, marketing manager, product promotion, decision making, management system, management (leadership), responsible work, efficiency, hierarchy, lead people, subordinate, use power, transfer authority.

2. Сопоставьте слова и их значения.

3. 3. Закончите предложения, употребляя слова данные ниже.

1. Nick has some ___manager _______ experience.
2. They don’t have the authority to close the canal.
3. She’s quite high up in the management hierarchy.
4. We are doing a special promotion of Chilean wines.
5. He manages the family business.
6. He handed the case down to one of his subordinates.
7. I believe that public transport should be run as a service, not as a profit-making enterprise.
8. The decision-making is responsible for the general running of the theatre.
9. His job was to supervise the loading of the ship.

• Employees are now demanding greater involvement in the managerial process.

4. Ответьте письменно на вопросы.
5. What is manager’s role in an organization? In its broad meaning, the term «managers» applies to the people who are responsible for making and carrying out decisions within a certain system.
6. What is a personnel manager responsible for? A personnel manager directly supervises people in an organization.
7. What is a financial manager responsible for? Financial manager is a person who is responsible for finance.
8. What is a marketing manager responsible for? A marketing manager is responsible for promotion of products on the market.
9. What is a sales manager responsible for? Sales manager is responsible for selling goods.
10. What is management? Management is a function of planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling. Any managerial system, at any managerial level, is characterized in terms of these general functions.
11. What does managerial efficiency depend on? In all types of organizations managerial efficiency depends on manager’s direct personal relationships, hard work on a variety of activities and preference for active tasks.
12. What means to delegate authority? This means that employees at lower levels in the company hierarchy can use their initiative that is make decisions without asking their manager.