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   Management is based on scientific theories and today we can say that it is a developing science. But knowledge of theories and principles doesn’t provide practical results. It is necessary to know how to apply this knowledge. Practical application of knowledge in the management area requires certain abilities or skills. Here is an example:

Depending on its size, an organization may employ a number of specialized managers who are responsible for particular areas of management. A very large organization may employ managers, each responsible for activities of one management area. In contrast, the owner of a sole proprietorship may be the only manager in the organization. He or she is responsible for all levels and areas of management.

What is important to an organization is not the number of managers it employs but the ability of these managers to achieve the organization’s goals, and this ability requires a great skill.

In other words, management is the process of coordinating the resources of an organization to achieve the primary organizational goals.

Main  resources

Managers are concerned with the following main resources: Material resources, Human resources, Financial resources, Informational resources, Organizational goals.

1. Material resources are physical materials and the equipment used by an organization to make a product. For example, cars are made on assembly lines. These assembly lines and the buildings that house them are material resources.
2. The most important resources of any organization are its human resources – people. Some firms believe that their employees are their most important assets. To keep employees content, a variety of incentives are used, including higher-than-average pay, flexible working hours, recreational facilities, lengthy paid vacations, cafeterias offering inexpensive meals, etc.
3. Financial resources are the funds the organization uses to meet its obligations to various creditors. A grocery store obtains money from customers and uses a portion of that money to pay the wholesalers from which it buys food. A large bank, borrows and lends money. A college obtains money in the form of tuition, income from its endowments, and federal grants. It uses the money to pay utility bills, insurance premiums, and professors’ salaries. Each of these transactions involves financial resources.
4. Finally, many organizations increasingly find they cannot ignoreExternal environment – including the economy, consumer markets, technology, politics, and cultural forces – are all changing so rapidly that an organization that does not adapt will probably not survive. And, to adapt to change, the organization must know what is changing and how it is changing. Companies are finding it increasingly important to gather information about their competitors in today’s business environment.

It is important to realize that these are only general categories of resources. Within each category are hundreds or thousands of more specific resources, from which management must choose those that can best accomplish its goals. Managers must coordinate this complex group of specific resources to produce goods and services.

Пояснения к тексту:

employ  — нанимать, owner – владелец,  sole – единоличный, proprietorship – собственность, goal – конечная цель, resource – ресурс, financial – финансовый, human – человеческий, людской, assembly line – конвейер, employee – работник, служащий, assets – активы, сontent – удовлетворённый, incentive – стимул, побудительный мотив, flexible – гибкий, paid vocation – оплачиваемый отпуск, meet obligations – выполнять обязательства, customer – покупатель, клиент, wholesaler – оптовик, endowment – благотворительный взнос, salary –заработная плата, transaction – финансовая операция, consumer market – потребительский рынок, competitor – конкурент, accomplish – осуществить, goods – товары, service – услуга, fund – фонд, денежные средства, lend – давать взаймы, income – доход, tuition – плата за обучение, utility – предприятие коммунального обслуживания.

1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русским словосочетаниям и запишите их:

Научные теории scientific theories

практические результаты practical results

управлять деловыми фирмами manage business companies

нанимать менеджеров employ managers

область ( сфера ) управления area of management

владелец единоличной собственности the owner of a sole proprietorship

единственный sole

достигать организационные цели to achieve the organization’s goals

большое мастерство great skill

доход income

основные цели организации Organizational goals

материальные ресурсы Material resources

служащий employees

оптовик wholesaler

стимул incentive

длительный оплачиваемый отпуск long paid vocation

занимать деньги borrow money

давать деньги в долг lend money

оплачивать счета предприятий коммунального обслуживания to pay utility bills

страховая премия insurance premium

зарплата salary

финансовая операция financial transaction

фонд fund

потребительский рынок consumer market

выживать survive

приспособиться к изменению to adapt to change

конкурент competitor

осуществить цели to achieve goals

товары и услуги goods and service

активы assets

побудительный мотив incentive

субсидия grant

пожертвование donation

1. Переведите предложения на английский язык:
2. Менеджмент – это процесс координации ресурсов организации для достижения организационных целей. Management is the process of coordinating the resources to achieve the organizational goals.
3. Менеджеры занимаются четырьмя видами ресурсов: материальными, финансовыми, людскими и информационными. Managers are concerned with 4 kinds of resources: Material resources, Human resources, financial resources, Informational resources.
4. Наиболее важными ресурсами любой организации являются её людские ресурсы. The most important resources of any organization are its human resources.
5. Материальные ресурсы – это материалы, из которых изготовлена продукция, а также оборудование, используемое для её производства. Material resources are materials the goods are made from and the equipment used to make goods.
6. Финансовые ресурсы – это фонды, которые использует организация для выполнения своих обязательств перед различными кредиторами. Financial resources are the funds the organization uses to meet its obligations to various creditors.

III Дайте ответы на вопросы к тексту по-английски:

1. What can you say about management in general? Management is based on scientific theories and today we can say that it is a developing science. But knowledge of theories and principles doesn’t provide practical results. It is necessary to know how to apply this knowledge. Practical application of knowledge in the management area requires certain abilities or skills.
2. Why does a large organization employ many managers? A very large organization may employ managers, each responsible for activities of one management area.
3. What is important to an organization? What is important to an organization is not the number of managers it employs but the ability of these managers to achieve the organization’s goals, and this ability requires a great skill.
4. Does the ability to achieve organizational goals require a great skill? Yes, it does.
5. What can you say about management as a process? Management is the process of coordinating the resources of an organization to achieve the primary organizational goals.
6. What main resources are managers concerned with? Managers are concerned with the following main resources: Material resources, human resources, financial resources, informational resources, organizational goals.
7. What incentives are used to keep employees content? Why? To keep employees content, a variety of incentives are used, including higher-than-average pay, flexible working hours, recreational facilities, lengthy paid vacations, cafeterias offering inexpensive meals, etc.
8. How does an organization obtain financial resources? Give some examples. A grocery store obtains money from customers and uses a portion of that money to pay the wholesalers from which it buys food. A large bank borrows and lends money. A college obtains money in the form of tuition, income from its endowments, and federal grants. It uses the money to pay utility bills, insurance premiums, and professors’ salaries. Each of these transactions involves financial resources.
9. Is external environment including the economy, consumer markets etc. changing rapidly? Yes, it is.
10. What must an organization do to survive? External environment – including the economy, consumer markets, technology, politics, and cultural forces – are all changing so rapidly that an organization that does not adapt will probably not survive. And, to adapt to change, the organization must know what is changing and how it is changing. Companies are finding it increasingly important to gather information about their competitors in today’s business environment.