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Условные предложения в английском языке также называют «If—sentences». Условное предложение состоит из двух частей, первая из которых (придаточная) начинается со слова «если – if» и содержит условие, а вторая (главная) часть содержит такие слова как will, can, may, might, could, would и выражает действие, которое может (типы 0 и 1) или могло бы (типы 2, 3 и смешанные) иметь место.

Task 1. Practice to use conditional sentences of types 1, 2 and 3.

1) If the starter motor is in order, it will start after the first or the second attempt.

2) If we use good lubricants in the rubbing joints, the mechanisms run without breaking down for a long time.

3) Any units of any automobile work for a longer time if they are made of higher-quality materials.

4) If the air is not cleaned properly, the engine inhales too much dust with the resultant damaging of the injection system components.

5) If we test any material, we can use it in our research.

Task 2. Match the two sentence parts to form complete sentences.

Task 3. Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

1) If this material (to be) so strong, it would never have been used for these details because it would not have withstood heavy loads.

2) If the engine (to operate) at half throttle, a high vacuum in the inlet manifold will result in lifting the valve off its seat.

3) If the carburetor were of a non-balanced type, the float chamber directly (to communicate) with the atmosphere.

4) If the ignition system had been maladjusted, the car (to start) yesterday in such a bitter frost.

5) Mechanical engineers (to design) systems of any kind if they had been provided with the basic information.

6) If the work of a combine harvester in a field is planned well, there (be) a considerable saving in wear and in the time taken to do its job.

7) If a new operator of this mounted implement had come, we (to start) our row crop work in this vineyard today.

8) If that experienced mechanic (to come) in time, we would not have repaired and adjusted the valve mechanism of the car so quickly.

9) If the compression (to be) higher, the normal operation and the power output of the engine would have been insured.

10) If these inserted short thin-walled sleeves of acid-resistant cast iron were not used the service life of the cylinder liners (to be extended).

Task 4. Surf the Internet (you are strongly encouraged to refer to the original mass media sources and scientific reports), find 10 conditional sentences from the engineering field. Write them out and translate.

ИНФИНИТИВ (THE INFINITIVE)

Инфинитив, или неопределенная форма глагола, отвечает на вопрос что делать? или что сделать? Показателем инфинитива является частица to.

Функции в предложении:

Task 1. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. One of the main tasks for engineers to decide before beginning to use any new methods and materials is to evaluate its environmental impacts.

2. To flush the cooling system periodically with water and keep it clean of scale is very important for the normal circulation of coolant.

3. The basic question to be answered in mechanization is what costs are required to receive farm’s maximum under minimal efforts.

4. The clearance between the valve stem and the rocker arm to be adjusted is shown in table 2 at the end of the driver’s manual.

5. To clean the engine of dirt you are recommended to use scrapers and wash it with a special solution not to damage the gaskets.

6. You are recommended to use good gasoline not to damage the fuel system components and the fuel system of the engine as the whole.

7. To ensure normal operation of the internal combustion engine at any time is very important to get high power output and good fuel economy.

8. There were some attempts to undo the attachment bolt and to remove the impeller from the engine for the following repair.

9. He proved to be our new mechanic who was to detect the cause of the failure and select the most efficient method for eliminating it.

10. To use good lubricants is to have success in the engine operation and to increase the engine efficiency per unit work done.

Task 2. Join the sentences using infinitives and translate them into Russian.

1. In his early youth, this scientist had to save money. It was necessary to buy the apparatuses and instruments for his experiments.

2. Everybody knows that the shutters must be opened in some extent. They adjust the intensity of airflow through the radiator core to cool the engine more intensively.

3. A fuel filter is a very important device. It prevents different impurities from getting into the feed system.

4. The excessive current increases the temperature of ignition wires. It can melt them and break the circuit. (Make use of enough.)

5. This scientist made a series of experiments. He wanted to improve the device, which he had invented.

6. The calibration is a graduation of any instrument. It is undertaken in order to enable measurements in definite units.

7. Last year I would call on this repair shop on my way to work. I did it to order spare parts.

8. Professor Petrov was a great scientist. He presented his results on this problem. (Make use of the first.)

9. This scientist liked to make experiments alone in his laboratory. It was his hobby.

10. The generator is a special electrical device. It changes mechanical energy into electrical one necessary for the automobile.

Task 3. Surf the Internet (you are strongly encouraged to refer to the original mass media sources and scientific reports), find 10 sentences from the engineering field with the infinitives in different functions. Write them out and translate.