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Write the plural form of the following.  regular nouns
story, play, glass, flag, photo, name, match, knife, bush, chief, page, radio, roof, prize, set, key, factory, wolf, piano, class, cup, city В irregular nouns
child, goose, man, foot, mouse, woman, sheep, person, deer, tooth, ox
criterion, datum, formula, crisis, stimulus, index, phenomenon, medium, oasis, nucleus, memorandum, basis, radius, analysis, symposium, hypothesis fellow-worker, merry-go-round, man-of-war, passer-by, sister-in-law, forget-me-not, room-mate, lily-of-the-valley, ticket-holder, commander-in-chief, governor-general
Exercise 2.
Divide the following words into two columns: countable and uncountable nouns (you must get 25 uncountable nouns).
furniture, coffee, leaf, food, computer, list, blood, job, work, language, country, advice, information, money, progress, permit, permission, baggage, luggage, beach, traffic, weather, window, knowledge, air, water, holiday, damage, accommodation, scenery, scene, pigeon, bread, mountain, kick, news, accident, laugh, flour, daughter
Exercise 3.
Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words in bold type.
1. The windows in his car are made of unbreakable glass. 2. He gave me a glass of water. 3. These are the works of Shakespeare. 4. He is not at home, he is at the works. He is installing new equipment. 5. His work is rather dull  ,he thinks. 6. Do you have scales? I want to weigh this fish. 7. Celsius or Fahrenheit scales are used in many countries. 8.1 spilled the water, give me a cloth, please. 9. Have you bought cloth for draperies? 10. He’s got his car insurance police. 11. She always criticizes the government’s policy. 12.1 need an iron to press my dress. 13. These items are made of iron. 14. There is neither salt nor pepper on the table. 15. He planted several
peppers in the hothouse. 16. Would you like some chocolate?
Exercise 4.
Open the brackets and choose the proper form.
1.1 feel that the jury already (have/has) thought that you are innocent. 2. The government (was/were) not able to pursue the policy which had been promised before the elections. 3. The police (is/are) investigating the case now. 4. The crew of the plane (consist/consists) of four people. 5. His company (was/were) founded in 1996. 6. The party (was/were) in full swing. The music was playing, the company (was/were) eating and drinking. 7. My family (is/are) early risers, so at 11 o’clock p.m. the family (is/are) always in bed. 8. The cattle (is/are) in the field next to it. 9. The committee (is/are) full of enthusiasm. 10. Such an organization as the board of directors (is/are) elected by stockholders. 11. The ship turned out to be a good ship,the crew (was/were) skilled seamen. 12, The government usually (consist/consists) of the prime minister and several ministers. 13. The average American family (have/has) three children. 14. The jury (is/are) represented by twelve people. 15. The crops (is/arc) good this summer,

Exercise 5.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb to be

1, The crew rescued by our boat, 2. Her clothes very fashionable. 3, Your
advice .always welcome. 4. The information he gave us very useful. 5A little
money better than nothing. 6. That species of spiders commonly seen in deserts of North
Africa. 7.1 think her hair dyed. 8. No news. good news. 9.1 don’t want to work here. The
equipment too complicated. 10. There a lot of sheep in the field. 11.1 think this
detailed research. 12. Where my spectacles? 13. The phenomena unusual. 14.
Mathematics difficult, but physics more difficult to my mind. 15, The cattle up the hill.
1. Look out! The stairs .very old. 2. In my opinion, looks very important for an actor. 3.
The police responsible for these actions. 4. Criteria changing, you know. 5. The
committee set up several months ago. 6. The traffic very heavy in this street. Be careful
at the corner. When the traffic-lightsred, don’t cross the street. 7. The working wages
up. 8. The knowledge she has got at college very deep. 9. The carrots delicious. 10. The
vacation always fun. 11. The funeral usually a sad occasion. 12. The evidence against
him. 13. The contents of the letter made public. 14. The opera-glasses out of focus.
15. The grapes ripe.
Exercise 6.
Paraphrase the following using the possessive case. Example: The son of our manager — our manager’s son
A 1) the house of Mr. Smith; 2) a doll of the girls; 3) the works of Rembrandt; 4) a toy of the baby; 5) a meeting of the employees; 6) the bags of those women; 7) the orders of our boss; 8) the books of the children; 9) the cottage of my parents; 10) a garage of her cousin. В 1) coal deposits of the world; 2) the influence of the sun; 3) the atmosphere of the earth; 4) the joys and grieves of life; 5) the arrival of the ship; 6) icy mountains of Greenland; 7) the policy of the company; 8) gold reserves of Russia; 9) the gravitation of the planet; 10) the decisions of the commission.
С_ 1) the mother of Kate and Mary; 2) the children of my aunt Ann; 3) the paintings by Picasso and Dali; 4) the gun of the commander-in-chief; 5) the times of Ivan the Terrible; 6) the speech of the Minister of Foreign Trade; 7) the correspondent of the Herald Tribune; 8) a flat of my father-in-law; 9) the wives of Henry the Eighth; 10) oil wells of Saudi Arabia. D 1) a cruise which lasts three weeks; 2) work which takes two hours; 3) a distance of five kilometres; 4) the operation which lasted four hours; 5) the flight which took three hours; 6) a semester of eight weeks; 7) the rest which lasted an hour; 8) a play of three acts; 9) a football match which lasts ninety minutes; 10) a telephone conversation which lasts three minutes.

Exercise 7.
Translate the sentences:
1. Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet.
2. To improve your phonetics you should record yourself and analyze your speech.
3. To play chess was his greatest pleasure.

Exercise 8.
Translate words:
1. приносящий
2. принесенный
3. переводя
4. переводящий

Exercise 9.
В предложении употребите причастие вместо глагола в личной форме.

1. As the book was translated into Russian, it could be read by everybody.

Exercise 10.
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий.

1. Have you finished writing?
2. Thank you for coming.
3. I had no hope of getting an answer before the end of the month.
4. He talked without stopping.

Exercise 11.
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное дополнение с причастием или инфинитивом, в зависимости от смысла.

1. Я слышал, как он открывает дверь.
2. Я слышал, как он открыл дверь.

Exercise 12.
Прочитайте, переведите текст и задайте 5 типов вопросов: общий, специальный, альтернативный, разделительный, к подлежащему.

Mr. and Mrs. Barker were having quiet day at home. Their 17-year old daughter was in Scotland staying with a friend.
At 12 o’clock Mr. and Mrs. Baker got a phone call from their daughter’s friend. He said that she had disappeared. The parents wanted to call the police, but the phone rang up again. A hoarse voice informed that their daughter had been kidnapped. The kidnapper asked to pay a ransom of 1.000 dollars otherwise the father would never see his daughter alive again. The voice gave instructions about where and when to hand over the money. Mr. Baker went to the bank and withdrew one thousand dollars out of his bank account. Then he informed the police. He put the money into the briefcase and went to the Grand Hotel. The policeman followed him.
At 6 o’clock Mr. Baker was standing at the kerb with a briefcase in his hand. The kidnappers passed Mr. baker using a bike. They grabbed the briefcase with money from Mr. Baker and drove away. The police traced the kidnappers, arrested them, freed Mr. Baker’s daughter.

Exercise 12.
Read and translate the text. While reading the text try to find answers to these questions:

-What are the main types of police agencies operating in the USA?
— What are the other police forces functioning there too?

THE POLICE IN THE USA

The USA inherited England’s common law and its system of policing. The colonists had the night watch under constables, with all able-bodied men over 16 serving without pay.
There are five main types of police agencies operating in the USA: police agencies of the Federal government, state police forces, sheriffs in counties, the police forces of cities and towns, and the police of villages.
Besides there are such special police forces as parks police, bridge and tunnel administration police forces, and police organizations for special tasks.  There are about 40,000 separate police agencies in the United States of America.
The Federal police agencies are financed from the Federal Fund. Other police forces are financed from the respective authorities’ funds. Policemen have weapons, such as revolvers, clubs and gas pistols.
Investigations of crimes are conducted by detectives, who are sometimes called plain-clothes officers, because they do not wear uniforms. There is the vice squad in some police departments. They investigate cases that involve gambling, prostitution and other immoral illegal activities.
Detectives work in various specialized fields that deal with such crimes as murder, burglary, drug-trafficking and others. In a murder case, detectives may start their investigation by searching for bloodstains, fingerprints and weapon. They question any witnesses, suspects or others who may have information about the crime.
Various technical units assist the police in an investigation. The photography unit takes pictures of the crime scene and the evidence. The crime laboratory collects and examines clues: bloodstains, bullets, fingerprints, hair samples. Later the reports of the detectives and technical workers are used in court.
Patrol operations are foundation of police work. Patrol officers are assigned beats to cover on foot, in squad cars, or in motorcycles. In some cities, they patrol parks on horseback.
Patrol officers inspect their beats repeatedly. They are often assigned to control crowds at parades, fairs and other public events.  Police officers may arrest a person they see committing a crime.
Traffic officers maintain public safety on streets and highways. They direct traffic, protect pedestrians, help drivers and settle parking, speed and other traffic laws. Traffic officers also investigate traffic accidents, enforce safety and license regulations for motor vehicles. Some police departments use helicopters to inspect traffic.

Vocabulary notes:

1. to inherit – наследовать
2. night watch – ночной дозор
3. county – округ
4. respective – соответствующий
5. club –дубинка
6. plain-clothes officers – офицеры в штатском
7. vice squad – полиция нравов
8. gambling – азартные игры
9. burglary – кража со взломом
10. to search  – искать, исследовать
11. bloodstain – пятно крови
12. clue – улика, доказательство
13. bullet – пуля
14. to assign – назначать, определять
15. beat – участок, контролируемый полицейским
16. repeatedly – часто, неоднократно
17. fair – ярмарка
18. highway – шоссе, магистраль
19. pedestrian – пешеход
20. helicopter – вертолет

Exercise 14.
Translate into Russian:
to make a record
to identify, locate and apprehend a criminal
to find, collect and protect evidence
to give first aid to a victim
to search a crime scene
a preliminary and follow-up investigation
to bring a criminal to justice
a lower court
a higher court
to plead guilty
to appeal conviction
 

Exercise 15.
Translate into Russian:
Fingerprinting.

Fingerprinting is the only sure way to confirm the identity of a person who is suspected of crime. When a finger touches the surface of an object, the print of his finger is left on the surface. This is called fingerprint. Every fingerprint is unique. This principle is used by all police forces to identify criminals (or sometimes, dead bodies). So, if a suspect arrested doesn’t confess his guilt it may be proved by comparing his fingerprints with those found at the scene and showing, that they are identical. Fingerprints are used not only to connect a suspect with the scene, they are also may indicate the identity of the criminal when it is not known if he had been previously fingerprinted and the prints are in the possession of the police. For this reason the prints of the criminals are collected and filed in criminal crime offices. A fingerprint fount at the scene of the crime is sent to the criminal record office to discover whether an identical print has been recorded, the identity of its owner becomes known. In practice all persons, accused of crime are fingerprinted on arrest and before trail.
Fingerprints establish identification beyond any doubt. Thefts, robberies and murders are often solved with the help of fingerprinting.
Other items of physical evidence – direct and indirect
( circumstantial) may also be removed from the crime scene. When they are processed and analyzed by the crime laboratory, they often provide the investigator with the information to establish identification of the offender or a criminal if there are no witnesses.
Voiceprinting, handwriting, typewriting are also used for identification purposes. It is interesting to note that it was Conan Doyle’s idea of tracing and identifying an individual typewriting by means of its peculiarities.

Exercise 16.
Translate into Russian:

I. PHASES OF INVESTIGATION
The objectives of the investigator provide a convenient division of the investigation into three phases: ( 1 ) the criminal is identified; (2) he is traced and located; and (3) the facts proving his guilt are gathered for court presentation. This division is made for convenience of discussion, since the three phases are not necessarily separated in time but are usually fused throughout the investigation. The same evidence, moreover can of-ten be used for all three objectives.
Identifying the Criminal.
In the first stage the criminal is identified, i.e., some person is identified as the perpetrator of the criminal acts. Ordinarily the identity of the criminal is discovered in one or more of the following ways: confession, eyewitness testimony, or circumstantial evidence.
Tracing and Locating the Criminal.
The second phase of the investigation is concerned with locating the offender. Obviously many of the steps previously suggested for identifying the suspect will also lead to his location. Usually the criminal is not hiding; he is simply unknown. In those cases, then, the problem is primarily one of identification. In many cases, however, it is necessary to trace a fugitive who is hiding.
Proving the Guilt.
It is assumed that the criminal has been identified and is now in custody. The investigation, however, is far from complete; it has en-tered the third and often the most difficult phase, namely, gathering the facts necessary in the trial to prove the guilt of the accused.
The final test of a criminal investigation is in the presentation of the evidence in court. The fact of the existence of the crime must be established; the defendant must be identified and associated with crime scene; competent and credible witnesses must be available; the physical evidence must be appropriately identified, its connection with the case shown; and the whole must be presented in an orderly and logical fashion.

II. TRACING
A great part of investigative work is devoted to «finding» missing or wanted persons. The solving of a case frequently depends upon locating the perpetrator. The proper presentation of a case in court involves the discovery and identification of witnesses. The search for a person is frequently a simple matter of a few telephone calls or a visit to a house. At other times, however, the hunt (поиски) can become a lengthy and complicated ordeal.
The search for persons commonly requires a search of records and an application of various sources of information. The term «tracing» is used here to describe all of these procedures. A patient study of records and the information from officials are often necessary to obtain additional evidence and to locate or to identify a person.
Unofficial sources of information such as confidential informants are often used by investigating officers.
(O’Hara. Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation)

Вопросы к тексту:

1. What phases is the investigation usually divided into?
2. Are the three phases necessarily separated in time?
3. What does the identification of the criminal mean?
4. In what way is the identity of the criminal ordinarily discovered?
5. What does primarily the problem lie in if the criminal is unknown?
6. What must be done to prove the guilt of the accused?
7. What is the great part of investigative work devoted to?
8. What does the proper presentation of a case in court involve?
9. Why are a patient study of records and the information from officials very often necessary for investigating officers?
10. Are unofficial sources of information used by investigating officers?