2. Причастные обороты.
3. Независимые причастные обороты.
4. Language Practice
5. Practise the fluent reading and correct intonation:

— `What do you `usually `do after work, Ann?

-Oh, a lot of things. There’s `always a `lot of `work to do about the house, washing up, doing the rooms, mending clothes.

— No, I `don’t `mean that. `What’s your `favourite pastime?

— Again — `nothing very special. Sometimes I read a little, watch TV or `listen to the music.

— `What’s your father’s hobby?

— He `enjoys carpentry, just making shelves, boxes, stools and so on.

— Oh, his `hobby `seems to be both interesting and useful for the house. By the way, do you know `what are the most `common `hobbies of Englishmen?

— Well, it `isn’t an easy question. As `far as I know, `many `Britishers like `sports and games, others, `gardening or `collecting `different things.

— I see. `What about dancing? Do you like it?

— Oh, very. Actually I’m crazy about dancing. `Do you `mean to `say we’ll `go to a dance?

— Yes, I’d like to. There’s a very good disco at the College Club.

Text. The Internet

The Internet is a huge network of computers spanning this planet and is now started to bring in the surrounding area like space. Some computers like servers share data, others just surf the web as clients downloading the data. Public Internet began in the late 70’s. In the 70*s web users used an interface called telnet, but now that program is mainly obsolete. Telnet is most widely deployed in accessing college email accounts.

The Internet is very helpful, because it’s a huge database of knowledge, from the pictures of family trips to an analysis of quantum mechanics. Everyone should have the Internet because of its near instantaneous communication and huge wealth of knowledge. But how to go on the Internet and do a search for information we need. There are two ways to do it.

The first is when you know an internet address of data you need and the second one is when you try to find information you need by using a search program. In the beginning we have got to enter any browser you like. It could be an Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator or Opera, etc. If we have a broadband connection, we connect to the Internet at once. If not, we have to set up and connect to our dial-up service. Finally, if we want to find some information in the Internet, we are to type an address of this data in the browser we use or simply use the existing search-programs such as the google search program, rambler search program, yandex search program or yahoo search program.

They are very simple and popular networks of sites. In these programs we can just type the word or name of thing, we would like to find and then press enter. A search program solves this problem. We get our results in the same window. After we get our results, we simply choose whatever site best matches our query or keep searching.

Besides data, one can get from the Internet, we can also send and receive e-mail or electronic mail. This internet service is cheaper than ordinary mail and much quicker. It is becoming popular day by day. We can get some news from the Internet, because there are many informational servers in the web.

 

1. Exercises on the Text:

Give English equivalents to:

Измерять, охватывать, окружающая территория, бродить по сети, загружать данные, печатать, решать проблемы, поиск, размещать, устанавливать, служба набора, дешевле, обычный, паутина(сеть), отправитель, передатчик ,системы защиты доступа.

To measure, to span, the surrounding area, to surf the web, to download data, to type, to solve problems, search, to post, to connect, dial-up service, cheaper, simple, network, mailer, sender, access protection systems.

III. Grammar Exercises

Forms and Functions of Participle I.

	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Participle	using 1. определение: применяющий (иногда: -вший) 2. обстоятельство: применяя	being used 1. определение: применяющийся, применяемый, который применяется 2. обстоятельство: будучи применен, когда применяется
Perfect Participle	having used обстоятельство: применив (-яв, -вшись)	having been used обстоятельство: после того как применили, так как применили, когда применили.

 

1. Define the form of Participle I:

Enjoying – Present Participle Active, being emptied out – Present Participle Passive, having asked – Perfect Participle Active, having developed – Perfect Participle Active, working — Present Participle Active, having been invited – Perfect Participle Passive, being built — Present Participle Passive, living — Present Participle Active being assisted — Present Participle Passive.

2. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the forms and functions of Participle I:
3. Having done that, they let investors determine the risks for themselves.
4. The governments of 50 states have structures closely paralleling those of the federal governments.
5. A computer virus – an unwanted program that has entered your system without knowing about it – has two parts.
6. A network is a communication system connecting two or more computers.
7. Making the same movements with the arrow keys on the keyboard would take much longer.
8. Being shown this document, he said it belonged to the well-known S-corporation.
9. Having been completed so carefully the material didn’t need any corrections.
10. The agency spends most of its time planning, creating, and producing the advertising for its clients.
11. Сделав это, они позволили инвесторам определять для себя риски.
12. Правительства 50 штатов имеют устройство, которое тесно связано со структурами федеральных правительств.
13. Компьютерный вирус – это нежелательная программа, которая проникла в вашу систему, не зная об этом, — состоит из двух частей.
14. Сеть — это система связи, соединяющая два или более компьютеров.
15. Выполнение тех же движений с помощью клавиш со стрелками на клавиатуре займет гораздо больше времени.
16. Когда ему показали этот документ, он сказал, что он принадлежал известной S-корпорации.
17. После тщательного изучения материал не нуждался в каких-либо корректировках.
18. Агентство тратит большую часть своего времени на планирование, создание и производство рекламы для своих клиентов.

The Absolute Participle Construction

Noun (общ.п.) +Participle Pronoun (им.п.)

+подл.+сказ.+доп   , ,

Noun (общ.п.) +Participle Pronoun (им.п.)

переводится обстоятельственным придаточным предложением с союзами — так как, поскольку, если, когда.

переводится самостоятельным предложением с союзами — а, и, причем, при этом или без союза

1.   It being very late, we went to the hotel. 2.   This done, we had a good rest.

1.   We had two lectures yesterday, the last being on economics 2.   He sat alone, his eyes closed.

3. Translate English jokes:

Brother: Are you really going to marry that young man Jones? He is said to be kind and very clever. But isn’t he a bit strange? At any rate he is unlike other young men.

Sister: I am going to marry Jones, and I don’t find anything strange about him. And then if he is indeed unlike other young men, he is likely to make a very good husband.

Брат: Ты действительно собираешься выйти замуж за этого молодого человека Джонса? Говорят, он добрый и очень умный. Но разве он немного не странный? Во всяком случае, он не похож на других молодых людей.

Сестра: Я собираюсь выйти замуж за Джонса, и я не нахожу ничего странного в нем. И тогда, если он действительно отличается от других молодых людей, то он, вероятно, будет очень хорошим мужем.

4. Read the text and retell it in Russian:

Canada

Canada, a federated country in North America, made up of ten provinces and two (soon to be three) territories. Canada is a vast nation with a wide variety of geological formations, climates, and ecological systems. It has rain forest, prairie grassland, deciduous forest, tundra, and wetlands. Canada has more lakes and inland waters than any other country. It is renowned for its scenery, which attracts millions of tourists each year. On a per-capita basis, its resource endowments are the second richest in the world after Australia.

Canada is the second largest country in the world but has about the same population as the state of California, which is one-25th its size. This is because the north of Canada, with its harsh Arctic and sub-Arctic climates, is sparsely inhabited. Most Canadians live in the southern part of the country. More than three-quarters of them live in metropolitan areas, the largest of which are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Ottawa-Hull, and Edmonton. French and English are the official languages, and at one time most Canadians were of French or English descent.

Canada has impressive reserves of timber, minerals, and fresh water, and many of its industries are based on these resources. Many of its rivers have been harnessed for hydroelectric power, and it is self-sufficient in fossil fuel. Transportation equipment is the leading manufacturing industry. While Canada’s prosperity is built on the resource and manufacturing industries, most Canadians work in service occupations, including transportation, trade, finance, personal services, and government.

Canada is a parliamentary democracy, and the federal, provincial, and territorial legislatures are all elected. However, Canada’s sovereign is a monarch, the queen of England, who is also the monarch of Great Britain. The queen is represented in Canada by the governor-general and ten lieutenant governors. Canada’s constitution guarantees equality under the law to all of its citizens. Powers of the federal and provincial governments are spelled out separately under the constitution, but over the past 50 years they have increasingly cooperated in programs that provide a wide range of social services-often called the «welfare state»-to the public.

Modern Canada was formed in an event that Canadians call Confederation, in 1867, when three colonies of Great Britain merged to create a partially independent state of four provinces. Since then, six more provinces and two territories have been added, with a third territory scheduled to come into existence in 1999. Canada achieved full independence in 1931 but continues to belong to the Commonwealth of Nations, a voluntary association of countries with ties to Great Britain.

Канада, федеративная страна в Северной Америке, состоит из десяти провинций и двух (в скором времени трех) территорий. Канада — огромная страна с широким разнообразием геологических формаций, климатов и экологических систем. Здесь есть тропические леса, луга, лиственные леса, тундра и водно-болотные угодья. В Канаде больше озер и внутренних вод, чем в любой другой стране. Она славится своими пейзажами, которые ежегодно привлекают миллионы туристов. На душу населения ее ресурсы являются вторыми по величине в мире после Австралии.

Канада — вторая по величине страной в мире, но здесь примерно столько же населения, что и в штате Калифорния, а это 1/25-я ее размера. Это связано с тем, что на севере Канады суровые арктические и субарктические климатические условия. Большинство канадцев живут в южной части страны. Более трех четвертей из них живут в мегаполисах, самыми крупными из которых являются Торонто, Монреаль, Ванкувер, Оттава-Халл и Эдмонтон. Французский и английский языки являются официальными языками, и в свое время большинство канадцев имели французское или английское происхождение.

В Канаде есть впечатляющие запасы древесины, полезных ископаемых и пресной воды, и многие из ее отраслей основаны на этих ресурсах. Многие из ее рек использовались для получения гидроэлектроэнергии, и она является самодостаточным в ископаемом топливе. Транспортное оборудование является ведущей обрабатывающей промышленностью. В то время как процветание Канады основано на ресурсной и обрабатывающей промышленности, большинство канадцев работают в сфере обслуживания, включая транспорт, торговлю, финансы, личные услуги и правительство.

Канада является парламентской демократией, и все федеральные, провинциальные и территориальные законодательные органы избираются. Однако канадский суверен — монарх, королева Англии, которая также является монархом Великобритании. Королева представлена ​​в Канаде генерал-губернатором и десятью помощниками лейтенанта. Конституция Канады гарантирует равенство перед законом всем своим гражданам. Полномочия федеральных и провинциальных правительств излагаются отдельно по конституции, но за последние 50 лет они все чаще сотрудничают в программах, которые предоставляют широкий спектр социальных услуг, часто называемых «государством всеобщего благосостояния» — для общественности.

Современная Канада была создана в виде, как канадцы называют, Конфедерации в 1867 году, когда три колонии Великобритании объединились, чтобы создать частично независимое государство из четырех провинций. С тех пор было добавлено еще шесть провинций и две территории, а в 1999 году должна была появиться третья территория. Канада добилась полной независимости в 1931 году, но продолжает принадлежать Содружеству наций, добровольной ассоциации стран, имеющих связи с Великой Британией.

Тема 14

Grammar: 1. Условные предложения (Conditional Sentences).

2. Бессоюзные условные предложения.

 

1. Language Practice
2. Practise the fluent reading and correct intonation:

— Mr. Smith, `are you `here, in `London, on va`cation or on `business?

— It’s a `kind of `business trip.

— Please `tell me a `few `words about your `business.

— Well, I’m in `charge of the `advertising de`partment of the `British `branch of a big multi`national corpo`ration.

— `What does your `firm pro`duce?

— Oh, a `lot of e`quipment. We pro`duce `all `sorts of `radio e`quipment, TV sets, `video ca`ssette re`corders, com`puters and so on.

— In `what `countries does this corpo`ration main`tain its plants?

— We have `branches in France, `West `Germany, `Holland, `Italy and Spain.

— `Has your `company a big `staff?

— I’m not `sure I don’t know the e`xact `number. A`round `six `thousand emplo`yees in `all the `branches, I think.

 

Text. Television in Our life

Television now plays an important role in our life. It is difficult to say if it is good or bad for us. It is clear, that television has advantages and disadvantages.

But are there more advantages than disadvantages? In the first place, television is an entertainment. But it is not only a convenient entertainment. For a family of three, four or five, for example, it is more convenient and less expensive to sit comfortably at home than to go out to find entertainment in other places. They don’t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre or cinema. They turn on the TV-set and can watch interesting films, concerts, football matches.

But some people think that it’s bad to watch TV. Those who watch TV need do nothing. We are passive when we watch TV. Television shows us many interesting programmes. But again there is a disadvantage here: we watch TV every evening, and it begins to dominate our lives.

My friend told me that when his TV-set broke down, he and his family found that they had more time to do things and to talk to each other. There are other arguments for and against television.

Very often the programmes are bad. Sometimes they show too much violence in films and news programmes. There is also too much pop music and ads. Ads on the whole are convenient for grown-ups. But is it good for children to watch all those ads where they show all kinds of underwear and what not?

 

Television in Modern Life (2)

Television plays a very important role in our life. It is a powerful source of entertainment and information, a door through which the whole world can enter our homes. Some people prefer to spend their free time watching light TV programmes while others prefer watching political and educational programmes. We can watch many really interesting programmes: informational, musical, for children and for adults, sporting, and many different games.

But what did we use to do before there was television? Before we admitted the «one-eyed monster» into our homes, we never found it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilised pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go to theatres, restaurants and sporting events. We even used to read books and listen to music.

All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the «goggle box». We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal» exchanging the news of the day. The monster demands and obtains absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced.

Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost.

Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with secondhand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by little, television cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself.

Television may be a splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilisation in quiet, natural surroundings, we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of one-eyed monster.

1. Exercises on the Text:

Give Russian equivalents to:

Advantages, disadvantages, entertainment, goggle box, to admit, one-eyed-monster, to occupy, spare time, rush home, gulp down , telly, sleep is lost, to encourage, secondhand experience, glue to our sets, medium of communication, to prevent, to aware, irrelevant, surroundings, to miss, hypnotic tyranny .

 

Преимущества, недостатки, развлечения, чудо-коробка, признать, одноглазый монстр, занимать, свободное время, спешить домой, проглатывать, телик, потерять сон, поощрять, опыт работы в продаже поддержанных вещей, «приклеиваться» к своим телевизорам, средства коммуникации, чтобы предотвратить, осознать, неуместный, окружение, пропустить, гипнотическая тирания.

III. Grammar Exercises

Условные предложения (Conditional Sentences)

Тип предложения	Придаточное условное предложение	Главное предложение
I тип	Present Simple	Future Simple
Реальное условие. Изъявительное наклонение	If he comes, If he should come, Should he come, Åñëè он ïðèäåò,	ü ý he will help us. þ он ïîìîæåò нам.
II тип	Past Simple	should, wouldü could, might ý+ V þ
Маловероятное или нереальное условие, относящееся к настоящему или будущему времени. Сослагательное наклонение.	If he came, If he should come, Should he come, Åñëè бы он ïðèшел,   If he were here, Were he here,   Åñëè áû он áûë здесь,	ü ý he would help us. þ он ïîìîã áû нам. ü ý he would help us. þ он ïîìîã áû нам.
III тип	Past Perfect	should, wouldü could, might ý+have+ V3 þ
Нереальное или невыполнимое условие, относящееся к прошедшему времени. Сослагательное наклонение.	If he had come, Had he come,   Åñëè бы он ïðèшел,	ü ý he would have helped us. þ он ïîìîã áû нам.

1. Make up as many sentences as you can using the given table:

If I had a holiday If he|I were ill If the weather were fine today If there were your mother’s birthday today If I were you If they didn’t have to go to the Institute If you were tired If she|I had free time If you had much money

I (we) should (would)   they (she, he)

see the doctor travel round the world have a rest buy a present go for a walk stay at home go to the seaside help read many interesting books

If I had a holiday I should travel round the world.

If I were ill, I should see the doctor.

If the weather were fine today, I should go for a walk.

If there were your mother’s birthday today, I should buy a present.

If I were you, I should help.

If they didn’t have to go to the Institute, they would go to the seaside.

If you were tired, you would have a rest.

If I had free time, I should read many interesting books.

If you had much money, you would travel round the world.

 

2. Read and translate paying attention to the suffixes:

-let [lit]; -sure, zure []

circle — circlet (кружочек)

book — booklet (книжечка, брошюра)

leaf — leaflet (листок, листовка)

pleasure, exposure, measure, seizure. удовольствие, экспозиция, мера, захват.

3. Arrange in groups the words with the same prefix:

Independence, inactive,

unfriendly, unknown, unproductive, unequal, untrue

disbelieve, disadvantage, dislike

immaterial, impossible

incomplete

illegal, illiterate

irregular, irreplaceable

misunderstanding, mispronunciation

 

Тема 15

Reading, rendering ,discussing the text Advertising

COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Computer graphics are pictures and drawings produced by computer. A graphic program interprets the input provided by the user and transforms it into images that can be displayed on the screen, printed on paper or transferred to microfilm. In the process the computer uses hundreds of mathematical formulas to convert the bits of data into precise shapes and colours. Graphics can be developed for a variety of uses including presentation, architectural designs and detailed engineering drawings.

Mechanical engineers use sophisticated programs for applications in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing. Let us take, for example, the car industry. CAD software is used to develop, model and test car design before the actual parts are made. This can save a lot of time and money.

Computers are also used to present data in a more understandable form: electrical engineers use computer graphics to design circuits and people in business can present information visually to clients in graphs and diagrams. These are much more effective ways of communicating than list of figures or long explanations.

Today, three-dimensional graphics, along with colour and animation, are essential for such applications as fine art, graphic design, Web-page design, computer-aided engineering and academic research. Computer animation is the process of creating objects and pictures which move across the screen; it is used

by scientists and engineers to analyse problems. With the appropriate software they can study the structure of objects and how it is affected by particular changes.

Basically, computer graphics help users to understand complex information quickly by presenting it in clear visual form.

1. a) Complete the sentences by using an appropriate gerund from those in the box
2. Graphic artists like adding colour and depth to their drawings and designs.
3. The speed of a microprocessor is important in processing information
4. Before printing a document, the user should decide on the layout.
5. You can open the colour pallete by on clicking the corresponding pop-up icon.
6. Rendering refers to the techniques used to make realistic images.

Тема 16

Reading, rendering ,discussing the text The Role of Computers in Business

The Role of Computers in Business

When first developed, computers were not used in business. It was not until late 1950s and early 1960s that computers began to be used to organize, store, process, and present vast amounts of business information. In 1954 the first business application of a computer system was made for the processing of payroll. Today payroll is just one of many routine computer operations. There has been a rapid increase of computer usage in almost every aspect of business: factory production, inventory control, warehousing and distribution, recordkeeping, and even assistance in problem-solving and decision-making.

Computers handle large amounts of data rapidly and can efficiently categorize, process, and report information for a variety of business operations. Computers, in fact, have a virtually unlimited capacity for processing business data. However, since computers cannot think, their role in business is limited to those areas in which they can process information more effectively than human beings. At the administration level, managers decide how computers can be used most effectively to perform a particular business task.

Computers have become an integral part of day-to-day business transactions as well as analytic tools for long-range planning, research, and development. Even a small business can utilize computers, ov crniei paidiasmg a small unit known as a minicomputer, leasing one, or by time-sharing. In a time-sharing system, each user is regularly scheduled for time to use the computer system.A wide variety of businesses and individuals (for example, college students, engineers, and lawyers) participate in time-sharing computer systems.

Currently, businesses are developing overall management information system in which computers function is essential tool in problem-solving and decision-making at all administrative levels.

 

Vocabulary Notes

• to process — обрабатывать
• vast amount — большое количество, множество
• payroll — платежная ведомость
• inventory — опись товаров, инвентаря
• warehousing — хранение на складе
• recordkeeping — ведение записей
• handle — обрабатывать (напр. информацию)
• virtually — фактически, в сущности
• tool — средство, инструмент
• long-range — долгосрочный
• to lease — арендовать
• time-sharing — зд. использование в установленное время
• to schedule — составлять расписание

 

Task 1* Answer the questions about the role of computers.

1. When were computers first used in business? When first developed, computers were not used in business. It was not until late 1950s and early 1960s that computers began to be used to organize, store, process, and present vast amounts of business information. In 1954 the first business application of a computer system was made for the processing of payroll.
2. What can computers do efficiently? Computers handle large amounts of data rapidly and can efficiently categorize, process, and report information for a variety of business operations.
3. What was the first business application of a computer system? In 1954 the first business application of a computer system was made for the processing of payroll.
4. How does a time-sharing computer system operate? In a time-sharing system, each user is regularly scheduled for time to use the computer system.

 

Подпись студента ___________________________