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THE AMERICAN FAMILY

Most American families consist of a mother, a father, and three or four children living at home. There may be relatives — grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and in-laws in the same community, but American families usually maintain separate households (1). This familial structure is knows as the «nuclear family.» It is unusual for members of the family other than the husband, wife, and children to live together. Occasionally an aging grandparent may live with the family, but this arrangement is usually not considered desirable.

Although the nuclear family unit is economically independent of the rest of the family (2), members of the whole family group often maintain close kinship ties. Visiting between parents and their married children and between married sisters and brothers is frequent when they live close to each other. If they live in different communities, they keep in touch by writing letters and by telephone (3).

In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are old enough, they participate as well (4). Foreign observers are frequently amazed by the permissiveness of American parents. The old rule that «children should be seen and not heard» is rarely followed,’ and children are often allowed to do what they wish without strict parental control.

The father seldom expects his children to obey him without question, and children are encouraged to be independent at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom too far. Young people are expected to break away from their parental families by the time they have reached their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a failure, a kind of weak dependence.

(1858 п. зн.)

 

АМЕРИКАНСКАЯ СЕМЬЯ

Большинство американских семей — это мама, папа и три-четыре ребенка, живущих в доме. Могут быть родственники — бабушки и дедушки, тети, дяди, двоюродные братья и родственники, но американские семьи обычно ведут отдельные домашние хозяйства (1). Эта семейная структура известна как «нуклеарная семья». Для членов семьи, кроме мужа, жены и детей, несвойственно жить вместе. Иногда стареющие дедушка и бабушка могут жить вместе с семьей, но это решение обычно не считается желательным.

Хотя нуклеарная семья экономически не зависит от остальной части семьи (2), члены всей семейной группы часто поддерживают тесные родственные связи. Посещение родителей и их замужних детей, а также замужних сестер и братьев является частым, когда они живут близко друг от друга. Если они живут в разных ячейках, то они поддерживают связь, пишут письма и звонят телефону (3).

В американской семье муж и жена обычно участвуют в принятии важных решений. Когда дети достаточно взрослые, они также участвуют в этом (4). Иностранцев часто поражают вседозволенность американских родителей. Старое правило о том, что «дети должны быть увидены, а не услышаны», редко соблюдается», и детям часто разрешается делать то, что они хотят, без строгого родительского контроля.

Отец редко ждет того, что его дети без вопросов будут подчиняться ему, и детей в раннем возрасте приучают к самостоятельности. Некоторые люди считают, что американские родители слишком много предоставляют свободы детям. Ожидают, что молодые люди покинут свои семьи к тому времени, когда они достигнут совершеннолетия или в лет 20. Действительно, не сделать этого часто считают неудачей, своего рода слабой зависимостью.

Переведите текст письменно.

Найдите и выпишите из текста предложения, определяющие его основную идею. The father seldom expects his children to obey him without question, and children are encouraged to be independent at an early age. Some people believe that American parents carry this freedom too far. Young people are expected to break away from their parental families by the time they have reached their late teens or early twenties. Indeed, not to do so is often regarded as a failure, a kind of weak dependence.

 

Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту:

1) What do most American families consist of?

2) American families usually maintain separate households, don’t they?

3) Where do an aging grandparent live?

4)  What is frequent between parents and their married children and between married sisters and brothers?

5) How do the families keep in  touch by if they don’t live together?

6) The father often expects his children to obey him without question, doesn’t he?

7) What is the old rule in the family?

8) How do the husband and wife usually take an important decision?

9) What are foreign observers frequently amazed by?

Выпишите из текста глагольные формы, укажите время и залог.

Выпишите из текста существительные в единственном числе, поставьте их во множественное число.

Выпишите из текста прилагательные, укажите их сравнительную и превосходную степень.

Выпишите из текста предложения с модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами, напишите отрицания к данным предложениям и переведите их на русский язык. Поставьте данные предложения во времена Future, Past or Present.

Поставьте вопросы к выделенным в предложениях словам или словосочетаниям.

Дайте предложениям последнего абзаца отрицательную форму.

Преобразуйте предложения под номерами 1, 2, 3, 4 из активного залога в пассивный.

 

GRAMMAR DRILLS

Поставьте глагол в нужном времени.

Look out of the window. Is it raining?

Some people paint their houses every year.

My friend is playing tennis now.

When my parents were young), they didn’t have their own flat.

He will arrive in New York tomorrow.

Mary is at home. She is eating dinner and listening to music.

He is retiring next year. He has nothing to do.

The director sometimes forgets people’s names.

What made you give up jogging?

When Susie felt bad, she preferred to stay in bed.

The boy worked at his father’s farm, went to the Art Institute in Kansas City and many years later he founded his own cartoon company. The boy was Walt Disney.

Has Ben finished his homework? — No, he is still doing it.

Образуйте вопросительную и отрицательную формы предложений.

I get up at seven o’clock.

They will stay at home tomorrow.

Mrs. Sweet taught Geography at school.

The swimming bath opens at 9.00.

Mom is cooking dinner now.

My father will have some free time on Saturday.

She came home late yesterday.

I was drawing at 7 o’clock yesterday.

He usually goes to school by bus.

Susan will go to the post-office tomorrow.

We are playing football now.

They were very busy yesterday.

 

Do you get up at seven o’clock?

Will they stay at home tomorrow?

Did Mrs. Sweet teach Geography at school?

Does the swimming bath open at 9.00?

Is mom cooking dinner now?

Will my father have some free time on Saturday?

Did she come home late yesterday?

Were you drawing at 7 o’clock yesterday?

Does he usually go to school by bus?

Will Susan go to the post-office tomorrow?

Are you playing football now?

Were they very busy yesterday?

 

I don’t get up at seven o’clock.

They won’t stay at home tomorrow.

Mrs. Sweet didn’t teach Geography at school.

The swimming bath doesn’t open at 9.00.

Mom isn’t cooking dinner now.

My father won’t have some free time on Saturday.

She didn’t come home late yesterday.

I wasn’t drawing at 7 o’clock yesterday.

He doesn’t usually go to school by bus.

Susan won’t go to the post-office tomorrow.

We aren’t playing football now.

They weren’t very busy yesterday

Образуйте форму притяжательного падежа.

The answers of the students, things of his elder brother, the novels of Dickens, the wives of my brothers, the textbook of my friend, the dream of the little girl, the children of my mother’s friend.

 

The students’ answers, his elder brother’s things, Dickens’ novels, my brothers’ wives, my friend’s textbook, the little girl’s dream, my mother’s friend’s children

 

Выберите правильную форму местоимений.

This is my house. Do you like (it, him, his, its)?

He doesn’t like animals. He is afraid of (him, it, them, they).

(Mine, my) task is more interesting than (your, yours).

He is so handsome! Look at (he, his, him)!

Will you check (my, mine) paper and I’ll check (your, yours) test.

She didn’t come. What happened to (she, her, hers)?

Who is this girl? I don’t recognize (she, her, him)

Заполните пропуски соответствующими артиклями.

Don’t sit on the floor. It’s very dirty.

Our apartment is on the third floor.

I don’t know everybody in this photograph. Who is the man on the left?

What do you usually have for — breakfast?

Can you tell me the time, please?

What time do you usually get- home from work?

— Cambridge and — Oxford Universities are the oldest universities in … Great Britain.

What time do you start work in the morning?

Why is he in a prison? He hasn’t done anything wrong.

10. Braille is a system of reading and writing by touch for a

The other day the fire brigade had to go to a prison to put out a fire.

When I went to Rome, I stayed with the Italian friend of mine.

Заполните пропуски соответствующими предлогами.

He says you always laugh at him, never speak to him.

The embankments on the Neva are faced with granite.

I sent a letter to my friend.

The surprise of the teacher was great.

He was an excellent pupil, and the teachers never complained about him.

He was devoted to his friend.

She could not answer the questions of the teacher.

Come in the evening, I shall listen to you very attentively.

Turn in the corner of the house and look at the flowers grown for my mother: aren’t they beautiful?

The lecture, as all the lectures of this professor, was very inter­esting, and the students listened to him with great attention.

My grandmother often complains about head ache.

At the end of the street she turned in the corner, walked to the bus-stop and began waiting for the bus.

Преобразуйте активную конструкцию в пассивную.

Mr. Wilson will teach you English.

Don’t put the cup there: somebody will break it.

Why weren’t you at the birthday party? — They didn’t invite me.

We met many difficulties, but all the same we finished the work in time.

We shall leave you behind if you are not quick.

I spent all my money on books last month.

I don’t think we shall do all this work today: there is too much of it.

It’s a very funny thing that when I start doing this, somebody always stops me.

Don’t leave these sweets on the table: somebody will eat them.

The elephant broke the branch of the tree.

The bees attacked the bear when it tried to take their honey.

They water the flowers regularly.

 

I will be taught English by Mr. Wilson.

. Don’t put the cup there: it will be broken by somebody.

Why weren’t you at the birthday party? I wasn’t invited by them.

We met many difficulties, but all the same the work was finished in time.

You will be left behind if you are not quick.

All my money was spent on books last month.

I don’t think all this work shall be done today: there is too much of

It’s a very funny thing that when I start doing this, I always stopped by somebody.

Don’t leave these sweets on the table: they will be eaten by somebody.

The branch was broken by the elephant.

The bear was attacked by the bees when it tried to take their honey.

The flowers are watered regularly.

 

Преобразуйте пассивную конструкцию в активную.

This mountain has never been climbed be­fore.

She told me that those newspapers had been carefully put away where they would not be lost.

Why have these cups been put here in this cupboard?

Nick was told to go home at once.

Invitations have been sent to all the old pupils to be present at the school’s thirtieth anniversary.

After the facts had been thoroughly explained to her, she no longer felt worried.

The work was finished in time.

The child is taken care of.

When was it done?

What museums were visited last year?

Have your compositions been handed in?

What has been said is true.

 

They have never climbed this mountain before.

She told me that they had carefully put away those newspapers where they would not be

Why have you put these cups here in this cupboard?

He told Nick to go home at once.

They have sent invitations to all the old pupils to be present at the school’s thirtieth anniversary.

After they had thoroughly explained the facts to her, she no longer felt worried.

They finished the work in time.

When did they do it?

What museums did you visit last year?

Have you handed your compositions?

What have they said is true.

 

Образуйте прилагательные из разных частей речи при помощи следующих суффиксов и переведите получившиеся слова.

–able: to break, to prevent, to wash, to read, to justify, to change, to check.

Breakable, preventable, washable, readable, justifiable, changeable, checkable

–ful: harm, to use, to cheer, power, shame, taste, to waste.

Harmful, useful, cheerful, shameful, tasteful, wasteful

–ous: religion, danger, victory, a mountain, humour, fame, courage.

Religious, dangerous, victorious, mountainous, humorous, famous, courageous

–al: history, government, culture, classic, colony, physics, politics.

Historical, governmental, cultural, classical, colonial, physical, political

 

 

Ломкий, предотвратимый, стирающийся, удобочитаемый, оправданный, изменчивый, проверяемый

Вредный, полезный, веселый, позорный, вкусный, расточительный

Религиозный, опасный, победоносный, горный, юмористический, знаменитый, мужественный

Исторический, правительственный, культурный, классический, колониальный, физический, политический

 

Поставьте каждое из следующих предложений в будущее время, заменяя модальные глаголы их эквивалентами.

She can understand you.

May she go out?

Can your grandmother meet us at the station?

I must write this exercise.

The students can translate this sentence.

He must start his preparation for the exam.

We may go to the cinema alone.

Can we go to New York?

May we go to the party?

You must do everything they tell you.

You can take part in serious competitions.

We mustn’t buy biscuits.

 

 

She will be able understand you.

Is she allowed to go out?

Will your grandmother be able to meet us at the station?

I shall have to write this exercise.

The students will be able translate this sentence.

He will have to start his preparation for the exam.

We shall be allowed to go to the cinema alone.

Shall we be able to go to New York?

Shall we be allowed to go to the party?

You will have to do everything they tell you.

You will be able to take part in serious competitions.

We won’t have to buy biscuits.

 

 

Переведите предложения на английский язык.

Можно мне взять твою книгу?

Джон позвонил вчера и оставил сообщение.

Посмотри на Джессику. Она плачет.

Завтра мы пойдем в кино.

На столе есть немного хлеба?

Семья Джека поддерживала его.

Мама сейчас дома. Она готовит обед.

На столе лежит несколько карандашей.

Он должен использовать словарь, чтобы перевести это предложение.

Сестра моей подруги – инженер.

Вчера дети ходили в зоопарк и видели там слонов.

Через несколько дней мой друг улетает в Африку.

May I borrow your book?

John called yesterday and left a message.

Look at Jessica. She’s crying.

Tomorrow we shall go to the cinema.

Is there a little bread on the table?

Jack’s family supported him.

Mom is at home now. She’s cooking dinner.

There are some pencils on the table.

He has to use the dictionary to translate this sentence.

My friend’s sister is an engineer.

Yesterday the children went to the zoo and saw elephants there.

My friend flies to Africa in some days.